1. MODAL VERBS FOR OBLIGATION,
NECESSITY, LACK OF OBLIGATION
AND PERMISSION
(MUST, MUSTN’T, HAVE TO, NEED/NEEDN’T, BE
ALLOWED TO)

2. MUST, HAVE TO, MUSTN’T, AND NEED
A. COMPARE: What do these sentences express?
1. Tom, you must study more.
2. You have to study more if you want to pass your examinations.
1. Strong obligation
2. General obligation/ necessity
B. COMPARE: What do these sentences express?
1. You mustn’t run in the corridor. Exams are in progress.
2. You are not allowed to run in the corridor. Exams are in progress.
3. They don’t let you to run in the corridor. Exams are in progress.
1, 2 and 3: PROHIBITION

3. OBLIGATION:
MODALS
MUST+INF NEED/
HAVE TO+INF

4. LACK OF
OBLIGATION
DON’T HAVE TO+INF NEEDN’T+INF
DON’T NEED TO+INF

5. OBLIGATION:
COLLOCATIONS
TO BE NECESSARY FOR SB
TO+ INF TO BE OBLIGED/FORCED
TO+ INF
TO MAKE+OBJECT+inf
WITHOUT TO (act)
TO BE MADE+ INF (pass)
It was necessary for me to wear a helmet……… …I was obliged to wear a helmet… …they made me wear/I was made wear a helmet

7. USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4
SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
OBLIGATION
1. I can never do what I want.
DO
I…………………………..……………………….…………………….‘M NOT ALLOWED TO DO
what I want.
2. There’s no need for you to hand the report until next week.
HAND
You………………………………………………………………………….DO NOT NEED TO HAND/ NEEDEN’T HAND
in the report until next week.

8. USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4
SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
OBLIGATION
1. He had to give the money back.
OBLIGED
He……………………………………………………………………..give the money back.
2. My parents insisted I study the piano
MADE
I was…………………………………………………………………………the piano by my
parents
3. Could you tell me if I have to bring a sleeping bag?
NECESSARY
Could you tell me if………………………………………………me to bring a sleeping
bag?
4. It’s possible that someone stole your purse when we were in the
restaurant
STOLEN
Someone………………………………………………………………………………when we were
in the restaurant.

9. PERMISSION
PERMISSION
PERMIT/BE PERMITTED
TO+ INF
TO BE POSSIBLE FOR
SBY TO
+ INF
I’M ALLOWED TO +INF.

10. MODALS. ASSIGNMENTS 4 AND
5
CORRECTION AND
EXPLANATION

11. PREFER AND WOULD RATHER
5. It would be better for me if you gave me the money now
PREFER
I……………………………………………………………me the money now.
6. I wish I’d stayed at home
RATHER
I…………………………………………………………………..at home.
7. I didn’t want to tell him the horrible truth but I had to.
RATHER
8. I don’t want to do something as dangerous as that
PREFER
I…………………………………………………………….something as dangerous as
that.

12. ANSWERS
1.I’D RATHER YOU STOPPED CRITICIZING ME
2.I’D PREFERRED THEM NOT TO HAVE STAYED SO LONG
3.I’D RATHER NOT THINK ABOUT THAT PROBLEM NOW
4.I’D RATHER THEY HANDN’T PHONED ME SO LATE AT NIGHT
5.I’D PREFER YOU GIVE ME THE MONEY NOW
(I’D PREFER IT IF YOU GAVE ME THE MONEY NOW)
6. I’D RATHER HAVE STAYED AT HOME
7. I’D RATHER HAVEN’T TOLD HIM THE HORRIBLE TRUTH …
8. I’D PREFER NOT TO DO SOMETHING…..