Identity Summit UK: THINKING ABOUT WHAT’S NEXT
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DAVID BIRCH, DIRECTOR OF INNOVATION AT CONSULT HYPERION It’s always really hard to think about what’s coming next in any industry, but when it comes to identity the question is especially complex because there’s a whole new dimension just around the corner. We haven’t yet solved the problem of identity for citizens, employees and consumers and now we’re going to have to solve a much bigger problem: identity for things. In a connected world, everything has identity, everything develops reputation and everything takes part in relationships. ID for the Internet of Things (#IDIoT) is fascinating, scary and difficult: that’s why I’ll be exploring it in this presentation.
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Identity Summit UK: THINKING ABOUT WHAT’S NEXT
- 1. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute1 Thinking about What’s Next Or “Identity, the 3Rs and the Private Life of Things” Forgerock London October 2015
- 2. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute David G.W. Birch Director of Innovation at Consult Hyperion An internationally-recognised thought leader in digital identity and digital money; Named one of the global top 15 favourite sources of business information (Wired magazine); In the London FinTech top 3 most influential powerlist (City A.M.) One of the top ten Twitter accounts followed by innovators, along with Bill Gates and Richard Branson (PR Daily); One of the top ten most influential voices in banking (Financial Brand); Named one of the "Fintech Titans" (NextBank); Voted one of the European “Power 50” people in digital financial services (FinTech Awards); Ranked Europe’s most influential commentator on emerging payments (Total Payments magazine). 2
- 3. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Consult Hyperion… 3 08/10/2015
- 4. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute A Challenge: What’s Next? 4 08/10/2015
- 5. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Identity as Foundation: The 3Rs A simple way of developing identity strategy for busines 5
- 6. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Recognition What use is it waiting to check out? “It’s not about payment. It’s about identity” Jack Dorsey, Founder of Square and Twitter (New York Times, 22nd December 2013) 6
- 7. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Relationships Across all channels, all transactions Your phone is your identity and the relationship anchor 7
- 8. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Reputation The currency of the future “Reputation is a requirement of the sharing economy” (CNN, 2014) 8
- 9. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute So… What will we do? And so does everything else! 9
- 10. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Connecting everything up is easy Telegraph, telephone, radio, satellite, fibre optic, wifi, Bluetooth, RFID, NFC etc etc 10
- 11. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Case Study: Whiskey in the jar-O Good? Bad? 11
- 12. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Hello Everything has an ID Concepts “Product” “Properties” “Provenance” What is the identity infrastructure? This is the next big challenge in the identity space Government, enterprise, consumer challenge
- 13. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Hello “The Private Life of Things” You’ve all heard the business school examples Indonesian logs Marks & Spencer Barcelona Nightclub Let’s explore a few more Cows Cars Children
- 14. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Disconnecting things is much harder Doors are simple, locks are complicated. 14
- 15. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Not Case Study: Talking pants If your pants could talk, what would they say about you? 15
- 16. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Sources of Value 16 Where will you chose to make a business? Things Concept People Product What is this? Identity Recognition Who is this? Properties What can this do? Attributes Reputation What can I do? Provenance Where has this been? History Relationships What have I done? Hello
- 17. www.chyp.comPlease Copy and Distribute Contact 17 Browse www.chyp.com Follow @chyppings Mail info@chyp.com Comment http://www.chyp.com/media/blog/ Listen http://www.chyp.com/media/podcasts/ Consult Hyperion UK Tweed House, 12 The Mount Guildford, Surrey GU24HN, UK. +44 1483 301793 Consult Hyperion USA 535 Madison Avenue, 19th Floor New York, NY 10022, USA. +1 888 835 6124
Editor's Notes
- Technology’s Martyrs: The Slide Rule” by Kirk Johnson in the New York Times (3rd January 1987) covers the story of Keuffel & Esser. This company, founded in 1867, was America’s pre-eminent manufacturer of slide rules. In 1965, they sold one million of them. In 1967, their centenary, they were commissioned to prepare a report about the future called “Life in the year 2067″, looking a century on. They interviewed scientists to come up with a vision that predicted electric cars and 3D TV. What it didn’t predict was that they would be out of business within a few years because of the electronic calculator. The end came quickly. On this day in 1976 K&E produced its last slide rule, which it presented to the Smithsonian Institution. [From Computer History Museum | Exhibits | This Day in History: July 11] In less than a decade they were gone because of technological change. But note the “Gibson” take on this: the invention that destroyed them, the electronic calculator, already existed when they wrote their report. In fact the first all electronic calculator desktop calculator went on sale in 1961 At the end of 1961 the Bell Punch Company put the Anita Mk VII on the market in continental Europe and the Anita Mk 8 in the rest of the world as the world’s first electronic desktop calculators. These were the only commercial electronic desktop calculators for more than 2 years [From Anita: the world’s first electronic desktop calculator] What’s more, the first electronic all-transistor calculator (from Sharp) went on sale in 1964. So by the time the slide rule guys did their study, the technology that would destroy them had been on open sale for several years. They made the mistake, I guess, of thinking that because slide rules cost $10 and calculators cost $1,000 they would never compete, forgetting that the inevitable curve of technology price/performance would do for them in time. And, I suspect, the scientists that wrote the report all used slide rules and were perfectly happy with them.
- A generation ago, on 3rd April 1988, the Los Angeles Times Magazine published a 25-year look ahead to 2013. It contained all sorts of bizarre views of life in Los Angeles today, including such unimaginable fantasies as supersonic jet travel and people smoking cigarettes. But it's a fun read, and in Bernado's spirit of paleofuturism, I encourage you to read it not to laugh at what they got wrong but to understand why they got it wrong. For example: what's wrong with this picture? After parking the van, Alma stops for some cash at the bank-teller machine in the lobby of her building. She punches in her I.D. number and then puts her thumb on the screen. After several tries, the machine finally recognizes her fingerprint and gives her two $20 bills with bar codes that verify the money has been issued to her. Interesting that they thought biometrics and cash would co-exist in common use. Rather fascinatingly, and so very William Gibson, one of the key elements that is missing from the vision of 2013 is the mobile phone, despite the fact that it had already existed for a decade. The first AMPS (1G) cellular network was launched in the America in 1978. Yet in the vision for 2013… Bill is trying to locate his wife to tell her about the dinner guests. Unable to reach her either at home or the office My italics, of course. It's been at least a decade since my wife called me either at home or at the office or, indeed, anywhere else. If she wants me, she calls me, she doesn't call a place. The mobile phone didn't just change the payphone business, it changed the very way that we think about communications. We understand now, of course, that the future of money over the next 25 years, in common with the future of a great many other everyday tools, is about the device formerly known as the mobile phone and what Sam Lessin of Facebook calls the ‘superpower’ of being able to communicate with anyone else anywhere in the world at any time.
- All the things you are The number of proposed biometric technologies increases daily. Starting with the well-established fingerprint systems to the more esoteric such as ear geometry (commonly left by listeners at crime scenes in Switzerland, apparently), gait (the way you walk) and body odour. How should you go about deciding the most appropriate technology for any given application? Biometric technologies are useful means of identifying people against databases or verifying that they are who they say they are. A small number of technologies are good at the former function (e.g. iris and fingerprint) whereas many are capable of verification against a biometric template stored on a token such as a smart card or travel document. There are many different applications for these two functions within UK government such as: Verifying that a document holder is the legitimate document holder by matching them against a biometric held within the document. Preventing duplicate applications for documents by searching against the database of currently issued documents. Preventing people holding different identities on different systems (e.g. Driving License vs Passport) by sharing and cross-checking biometric data. Ensuring that only legitimate members of staff have access to secure areas and systems. The complexity of the individual requirements of each application coupled with the speed of advance of biometric technologies means that there is no single best biometric for all applications.
- All the things you are The number of proposed biometric technologies increases daily. Starting with the well-established fingerprint systems to the more esoteric such as ear geometry (commonly left by listeners at crime scenes in Switzerland, apparently), gait (the way you walk) and body odour. How should you go about deciding the most appropriate technology for any given application? Biometric technologies are useful means of identifying people against databases or verifying that they are who they say they are. A small number of technologies are good at the former function (e.g. iris and fingerprint) whereas many are capable of verification against a biometric template stored on a token such as a smart card or travel document. There are many different applications for these two functions within UK government such as: Verifying that a document holder is the legitimate document holder by matching them against a biometric held within the document. Preventing duplicate applications for documents by searching against the database of currently issued documents. Preventing people holding different identities on different systems (e.g. Driving License vs Passport) by sharing and cross-checking biometric data. Ensuring that only legitimate members of staff have access to secure areas and systems. The complexity of the individual requirements of each application coupled with the speed of advance of biometric technologies means that there is no single best biometric for all applications.
- The uniqueness of blockchain assets (the end of double-spending!) may mean that the impact of the technology is also felt in the physical. The fifth area of focus is ID for the Internet of things, or IDIoT as I call it for short. I agree with the predictions I see all around about 2015 being a turning point in the evolution of the Internet things and I see examples of new collectivity and new devices around me all the time. What I don’t see is a security infrastructure emerging to manage those connections and manage those devices and this is where I think we may see intellectual effort rewarded in 2015. In fact, I can see that this might become the key focus area of the coming year as as the Internet of things comes together from digital assets that are traded transparently, previously for the people involved in the training, in-app transactions using a variety of local identity and payment systems make for a seamless new environments of interaction and transaction.
- Disconnection (Picture) British Post Office engineers inspect Guglielmo Marconi's wireless telegraphy (radio) equipment, during a demonstration on Flat Holm island, 13 May 1897. This was the world's first demonstration of the transmission of radio signals over open sea, between Lavernock Point and Flat Holm Island, a distance of 3 miles.
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- A frequently used analogy is that of “The New Frontier”, which rests on a comparison between the opening up of the American West and the opening up and development of cyberspace. The American frontier was pushing west throughout the nineteenth century, expanding a single market with a single currency. The invention of the refrigerated railroad car (for example) made it possible to produce food on the frontier for trade with distant centres of population. Similarly, once Western Union had invented electronic money, it was possible to shift capital to the frontier (in order to exploit resources) instantaneously. The process of homesteading by which the vast expanses of the midwest were turned into productive economic resources is interesting. The land was parcelled up and given away, rather like IP addresses. In order to encourage people to take up parcels, the government had to make them large enough to be economically viable. But even when the size of the land parcels was increased to 160 acres, there were still not enough takers because ranching and herding were not productive enough. The need to create viable homesteads was hampered by a lack of surface water and a lack of wood for fencing. The first problem was solved through the use of windmills which drew up ground water and, further west, by massive federally subsidised irrigation projects. The second problem wasn’t solved until Joseph Glidden, a New Hampshire farmer, invented a way to mass produce barbed wire in 1874 and it became cost–effective to fence off areas and enforce property rights. After all, if your cows can wander all over the place, you wouldn’t husband them in the same way as if you could keep them put. David Banbom, in his book Born in the Country—A History of Rural America (John Hopkins Uni. Press, 1995), describes the transformation: “Ranchers began claiming land [and] throwing up fences around it. They discovered that closer attention to their cattle and their range enhanced their ability to survive an enterprise with high risks and low margins. Ranchers began managing their range more carefully and rotating cattle on it systematically…” Does this illuminate current developments? On a limited scale I think it does. It tells us that, for example, the branding of cattle—that is, the ability to clearly mark property as belonging to somebody—didn’t really help that much. If, then, the frontier analogy has any predictive component it is that the new kinds of barbed wire—what Kevin Kelly referred to as the “technologies of disconnection” in Out of Control (Addison Wesley, 1994)—are the key technological advances that will make cyberspace productive. But is there an analogy that might reveal more about future trends?
- I think a phone that can check up on other people's stuff might be fun. After all, 900MHz is much longer range than NFC (several metres for industrial readers). So if you're at a boring party and you're wondering whether the hostesses dress is a real Chanel or a knock-off, you can find out from across the room. Or if you want to snoop around a neighbour's house but can't actually be bothered to go into other rooms, it's ideal. But, as I pointed out some time ago, Suppose RFID is used to implement Electronic Product Codes (EPCs) for luxury goods. If I see a Gucci handbag on sale in a shop, I will be able to point my Bluetooth EPC-reading pen (these already exist) at it and read the EPC, which is just a number. My mobile phone can decode the number and then tell me that the handbag is Gucci product 999, serial number 888. This information is, by itself, of little use to me. There has to be a database to establish provenance, and it is that database that is at the core of the Korea Telecom business model discussed earlier. Thus, the counterfeiters will inevitably shift their attention to attacking the database. If I were a counterfeiter, I'd put chips in my whiskey that linked to a URL that displayed something that looks like the official Korea Telecom page but says "Sorry, the service is currently down, please try again later" or perhaps even "Sorry, the service is down, please call this number for more information" followed by the number for a reverse-charge premium-rate call to Surinam at $199 per minute. Just as with smart posters and so on, unless the chip carries a digital signature, you don't know whether the URL is real or not, so nothing it directs you to can be trusted. There's no need for a URL here: just have the chip store a digitally-signed identifier and let the "provenance infrastructure" do the rest. Better still, have the chip store a digitally-signed and encrypted identifier so that only the database owner can decrypt it, ensuring that all provenance request have to go through them. Without an infrastructure that includes end-to-end digital signatures there's no way round this. The phone needs to know the chip is authentic. The database needs to know who is asking, and the consumer needs to know who is answering.all applications.
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