Nicolai van der Woert's presentation of his #PhD research at the 5th GO-GN Seminar in Kraków, April 10th-11th, 2016.

1. Designing sustainable governance
for open education in healthcare:
an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
GO-GN seminar, Krakow, april 10-11, 2016
Nicolai van der Woert M Ed M elmac
senior consultant, Radboud university medical center, health academy
Supervisors: prof. dr. Roland Laan, prof. Andy Lane, Mary Dankbaar PhD

2. Introduction
Senior consultant, Radboudumc Health Academy
President NeuroBlend Foundation
SIG Open Education SURF
PhD researcher Global OER Graduate Network

3. Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance
for open education in healthcare –
an ecosystem perspective and
complexity theory view

4. Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance
for open education in healthcare –
an ecosystem perspective and
complexity theory view

5. Research questions
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare –
an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
1
How to design a sustainable governance setup for open education in healthcare ?
2
Do the ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view contribute to the design
process and sustainable outcomes?
3
Which teacher friendly design tools can be used in the design process?
4
Can research outcomes be generalised to other subject matter domains within and
outside healthcare ? (reflective)

6. RQ1: Governance setup
1
How to design a sustainable governance setup for open education in
healthcare ?
Educational governance, not corporate
Open education requires a different approach as closed education
Most teachers are not familiar with this concept

7. Governance?
Governance
of
education
Leadership &
Management
Policies
Procedures
Organisation
structure
Bussiness
model
Products &
Services
Legal and
Regulatory
frames
Monitoring
transparency
Oversight
Mission
Vision
Strategy
Ethics
Resilience
Sustainability

8. RQ2: ecosystem, complexity
2
Do the ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view contribute to the design
process and sustainable outcomes?
• Old scientific paradigm:
• Building models, Blueprint thinking
• Education is not that simple, need of a different approach

9. RQ2: ecosystem, complexity
• Open education system:
• No clear boundaries
• Users not known in person
• Interactions depend on many internal and external factors
• Often unpredictable behavior
• Difficult to control and manage
• System / network of learners provide feedback
2
Do the ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view contribute to the design
process and sustainable outcomes?

10. Ecosystem definition from biology/ecology
Ecosystem: a system of
organisms, their surroundings,
and processes which determine
their mutual dynamics
Ecosystems have complex
connections and dependencies
between organisms, their
surroundings, the processes that
keep the system going

11. Education as ecosystem
Macro: overarching values and norms
Exo: politics, economy, government, educational system
Meso: interactions
Micro: peers, workplace, learning space, resources
Jij
Platform/learning environment
Organisational structure, governance
Curriculum,content
Learning&instructioin
Macro
Exo
Meso
Micro
Dynamic development
and evolution
t=0 t=1 t=2

12. Education as ecosystem
Jij
Platform/learning environment
Organisational structure, governance
Curriculum,content
Learning&instructioin
Macro
Exo
Meso
Micro
Biotic actors
Non-biotic actors
Processes
Nutrition
Context
Biotopes
Resilience
Biodiversity
Students, teachers
VLE
Learning process, interactions
Content: OERs, OCW, MOOCs
Learning environment,
Learning communities
Networks, groups
Learning from experience
and feedback
content, new target populations
Ecosystem services: supportive activities added by humans
Tipping points: from one stable state to the next, could happen after disruption or instability

13. Terminology as methaphore
Biodiversity makes an ecosystem thrive Monoculture makes an ecosystem vulnerable, dependent
http://www.public-domain-image.com/free-images/nature-landscapes/field/this-irrigation-pipeline-running-across-a-furrowed-
colorado-field-725x480.jpg

14. Complexity theory
Complexity theory is about change, it talks about the dynamics of
the system.
t=0 t=1 t=2

15. Scientific roots of complexity theory
Complexity
theory
Network
theory
Systems
theory
Nonlinear
systems
Adaptation
and
evolution
Self
organisation

16. Complex systems
• Non-linear behavior, small events can have large consequences
• Unpredictable
• Unclear boundaries
• Self organisation
(patterns, repetition, internal memory, system can learn)
• Networked
• Feedback loops in the system itself
• Jump-wise evolution (edge of chaos  new state)

17. Chaotic
C-E: non predictable
Stability focussed interventions
Crisis management
Never the same
Novel practice
Complex is not complicated
Cynefyn framework, David Snowden
Complex
Cause-effect: coherent in
retrospect, do not repeat
Pattern management
Complex adaptive systems
Emergent practice
Complicated
C-E:separated over time & space
Analytical, reductionist,
scenario planning
Systems thinking
Good practice
Simple/known
C-E: easily seen by all,
repeatable, predictable
Standard operating procedures
Best Practice
disorder
orderunorder

18. Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance
for open education in healthcare –
an ecosystem perspective and
complexity theory view

19. Educational Design Research
Definition of McKenney & Reeves (2012)
… a genre of research in which the iterative
development of practical solutions to complex
educational problems also provides the context for
empirical investigations that yield theoretical
understanding that can inform the work of others
EDR characteristics
• theory based approach of the problem
• design as intervention process
• interventionist researcher role
• collaborative in nature
• responsively grounded
• iterative design process
Exploration &
analysis
•Orientation
•Literature
•Field study
•Exploration
•Analysis
Design &
construction
•Exploring &
mapping
solutions
•Constructing
solutions
Evaluation &
reflection
•Planning
•Field work
•Meaning
making
Maturing
intervention
Theoretical
understanding
Implementation: adoption, enactment, sustained maintenance
Spread: dissemination & diffusion
Mindset: planning for actual use
Educational Design Research (EDR)

20. Research project flow
2014
PhD proposal
Planning
Literature
Conclusions
Reporting
Transfer
model construction
select cases
2015 2016 2017 2018
design cases 1st run design cases 2nd run
t=0, baseline t=1 t=2
ecosystem
theory
complexity
theory

21. Exploration &
analysis
•Orientation
•Literature
•Field study
•Exploration
•Analysis
Design &
construction
•Exploring &
mapping
solutions
•Constructing
solutions
Evaluation &
reflection
•Planning
•Field work
•Meaning
making
Maturing
intervention
Theoretical
understanding
Implementation: adoption, enactment, sustained maintenance
Spread: dissemination & diffusion
Mindset: planning for actual use
Educational Design Research (EDR)
Readiness,
maturity
Timeline analysis
Focus groups
Apply theory
Refine design
Adoption
Outcomes
Expert appraisal
Delphi rounds

22. Open Business Models
Op basis van business
model canvas van
Osterwalder en
Pigneur, elaborated
by Paul Stacey
https://plus.google.com/communities/110674632694419423671

23. https://paulgstacey.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/canvas.png

24. https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit?pref=2&pli=1

25. Research question 3
Helping in designing the open governance structure
3
Which teacher friendly design tools can be used in the design process?

26. Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance
for open education in healthcare –
an ecosystem perspective and
complexity theory view

27. Case 1: NeuroBlend project
• EU project 2005-2008
• Neurology nurses
• Open Educational Resources, Patient
cases, ward cases, wiki
• Open learning environment, walled
garden
• professional association EANN, later
WFNN
• Outdated

28. Case 2: Anatomy - TOOL project
• Open content collection
• Simple pedagogy
• 160 anatomy professionals, teachers
• Open learning environment, walled
garden
• professional association

29. Case 3: reuse of OER in medical curriculum
• Self directed pedagogy
• Recommended OER for each
course
• Open choice space: OCW,
MOOC, coaching, support,
test
• 36 clinical subjects: students
search for content
• Content curation, digital
literacy

30. Case 4: dutch UMCs
• Harvesting
• Content curation
• National platform
• Support system
(educational, library, re-use)
• Teacher training
• Digital literacy skills

31. Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance
for open education in healthcare –
an ecosystem perspective and
complexity theory view

32. Case 1: Neuroblend
• New governance structure, System needs to be modernised
• Cocreation, network instead of professional associations
• Complexcity, ecosystem
• Unpredictable behavior, jumpwise
• Feedback was neglected
• Blueprint thinking
• Business model
• Multiprofessional education
• From OERs to courses and short clips
• Portable devices
• User needs

33. NeuroBlend board
We thought we were
“open” for business, but
the world has changed.
Howcome we were so
blind for all the
feedback? This is very
confronting.
My new conception of
NeuroBlend is that it is a
living (eco-)system
instead of a thing. We
have not been good
guardians in the past.
Needs in the field are
about open courses and
knowledge clips. But our
strength is in innovative
solutions for (open)
education. We have to
do both to survive and
feel good ourselves.
This ecology thinking is
a change of paradigm
and it hurts.
Althoug I hate blueprint
thinking, I was an
accomplice to it...

34. Case 2: Anatomy TOOL project
• Ecosystems perspective helpful
• Complexity needs history to understand
• Business model was out of scope, now in scope
• Governance is a new concept, but needed

35. Anatomy teachers
Complex systems?
I am still confused,
but at a higher level.
I understand now we
cannot do this
ourselves, we need
experts in the field of
(open) education to
help us.
Setting up a business
model is not my cup of
tea, I teach.
But we have to do it to
make the project
sustainable. More
guidance please !?
Our profession has to
survive in bad weather
and open content is not
enough.
We need to think of new
educational services and
new pedagogies to
make anatomy attactive
to young people.

36. Case 3 and 4: re-use in UMCs
• To be continued

37. Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance
for open education in healthcare –
an ecosystem perspective and
complexity theory view

38. Governance?
Governance
of
education
Leadership &
Management
Policies
Procedures
Organisation
structure
Bussiness
model
Products &
Services
Legal and
Regulatory
frames
Monitoring
transparency
Oversight
Mission
Vision
Strategy
Ethics
Resilience
Sustainability

39. Reflection
• Ecosystems perspective helpful as a metaphore, needs to be
elaborated
• Complexity is a dificult topic, we are educatedn in the old
paradigm
• Sliding back into baking mold
• Business model canvas gives direction, easy tool with guidance
• Governance structure for openness needs to be dynamic
governance, multi layered
• Iterations needed to refine the approach

40. Research question 4
4
Can research outcomes be generalised to other subject matter domains
within and outside healthcare ? (reflective)
In healthcare:
- Wide scope: 4 cases
- Transfer of final conclusions to other healthcare domains is expected to
be relatively easy, positive or negative
Outside healthcare
- Gut feeling: possibilities for transfer of conclusions = OK
- Scientific proof can only be obtained after experimentation
- No time for that
- EDR methodology is to conclude with the transfer question
- Reflections supported by OE(R) experts (Delphi round?)

41. Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance
for open education in healthcare –
an ecosystem perspective and
complexity theory view

42. Research project flow
2014
PhD proposal
Planning
Literature
Conclusions
Reporting
Transfer
model construction
select cases
2015 2016 2017 2018
design cases 1st run design cases 2nd run
t=0, baseline t=1 t=2

43. Questions
nicolai.vanderwoert@radboudumc.nl