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UNCCD 2nd Scientific Conference
                           Economic assessment of desertification, sustainable land management and
                                               resilience of arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas
                                                                    9 - 12 April 2013 - Bonn, Germany

      THU 3.1: Agroecology as a powerfull tool for the developement of drylands?


             Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices:
a win-win strategy attending both global (fight against climate change) and local problems
                                    (soil degradation)


              Martial Bernoux, Tiphaine Chevallier, Jean-Luc Chotte




                               Functional Ecology & Biogeochemistry of Soils
                                            & Agro-ecosystems
                               A French Multi-institute Research group based
                                               in Montpellier
                                     www.montpellier.inra.fr/ecosols
The dominant vision since
1992 (UNFCCC)




               Mitigation
                           Soil
                   of
                 GHG      Carbon


 GLOBAL Problems/Solutions         Actions/Implementations LOCAL
It is time to recognize that “soil carbon” is
                          not just a matter of                                FOOD
                “Mitigation” and “Climate Change” …                         SECURITY

                                 Increase agronomic productivity                      POVERTY
                                                                                     ALLEVIATION



                           Soil      Water              Control or
                         fertility retention            reversal of          UNCCD
                                                        degradation
                                                        and
            Mitigation
                        Soil              Erosion       desertification
                of                                      trends
              GHG      Carbon             control
                        In a context of adaptation to global change
                            increasing resilience and decreasing vulnerability
GLOBAL Problems/Solutions                             Actions/Implementations LOCAL




               How to maximize trade-offs and find synergies
Most sequestering practices show synergies with yield increase


                                 Even in drylands were it is most needed!

                    Regions     Sustainable land management   Net mitigation potential   Average yield
                    (Moisture   categories                              (1)               increase (2)
                    regime)                                       tCO2-eq /ha /yr1             %



                    Dry                                         Cool         Warm
                                Agronomy                        0.39          0.39          116

                                Nutrient                        0.33          0.33           72*
                                management
                                Tillage/residues                0.17          0.35          122
                                management
                                Water management                1.14          1.14           92
                                Agroforestry                    0.17          0.35           81
                    1IPCC (2006), 2 Branca et al. (2013),* considers only organic nutrient
                    management

                                                        But those values are too
                                                        “coarse”, need to down
                                                        scale…

     How to maximize trade-offs and find synergies
Available results at finer resolution?




Geographical Distribution of
Carbon Sequestration Estimates




                                                       But those values are too
                                                       “coarse”, need to down
                                                       scale…
Available results at finer resolution?




Geographical Distribution of
Carbon Sequestration Estimates




                                          Lowest values!

                                          C market seems (is) inaccessible
Carbon market is dead (or nearly)…long live “practices-based” Market



Market based on the impact/result of
 the practice / management options                     Market based on adoption
                                                        of sequestering practices
Estimated results      Verified result                  or management options

 Soil C                                                Adoption of a practice that
 stock                                                  stores/preserves carbon

          Estimate

                          measure


                                   time
Adoption of a practice that                                       Need more “validation” studies of the practices and
      stores/preserves carbon                                          their impacts in terms of soil C sequestration , and
                                                                       other co-benefits.




                                                                                                                    Paucity of data for tropical
                                                                                                                    and, even more, drylands!
                                                              200                                                 200
                                       C content variation from                        (a) Temperate region                                 (b) Tropical region
                                        the control (base 100)


                                                              150                                                 150



                                                              100                                                 100



                                                                  50                                              50



                                                                   0                                               0
                                                                       0   50   100   150     200    250    300         0    50       100   150      200     250
                                                                                            Total input of ramial wood (t DM / ha )
                   Adapted from Barthès et al. 2010. Effects of ramial wood amendments on crops and soil: A synthesis of experimental results.
Photos © E. Hien                                                                                            Cah. Agric., 19, 280-87 (In French)
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“Soil Carbon is at the crossroads of the conventions and scales
               and provides multiples benefits”




                            Soil
         GLOBAL                               LOCAL
                           Carbon                          UNCCD




            But “Pratices” should be highlighted!
Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices:
a win-win strategy attending both global (fight against climate change) and local problems (soil degradation)

        This presentation was build upon ideas and exchanges from numerous colleagues
        and results from research programs, in particular:

  http://www.csf-desertification.org/                                       http://www.rime-pampa.net/




                                                                         Une Réponse Intégrée Multi-Équipes au
                                                                         Programme d’Appui Multi Pays pour l’Agro-écologie

    Le Comité Scientifique Français de la Désertification
    French Scientific Committee on Desertification




                                                                                              CaSA
                                                                Réseau « Carbone des Sols pour une agriculture durable en Afrique »
Sociétés Rurales, Environnement, Climat en Afrique de l'Ouest
                                                                    Network “Soil Carbon for a Sustainable agriculture in Africa”
     Rural Societies, Environment, Climate in West Africa
                                                                Rede “Carbono dos Solos para uma agricultura Sustentável na Africa”
         http://www.ppr-srec.ird.fr/                             http://www.reseau-carbone-sol-afrique.org/
Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices:
a win-win strategy attending both global (fight against climate change) and local problems (soil degradation)




     Full report will be soon available on line at http://www.csf-desertification.org/
Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices:
a win-win strategy attending both global (fight against climate change) and local problems (soil degradation)




                                     http://www.soilcarbon.org.uk

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Martial BERNOUX "Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices"

  • 1. UNCCD 2nd Scientific Conference Economic assessment of desertification, sustainable land management and resilience of arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas 9 - 12 April 2013 - Bonn, Germany THU 3.1: Agroecology as a powerfull tool for the developement of drylands? Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices: a win-win strategy attending both global (fight against climate change) and local problems (soil degradation) Martial Bernoux, Tiphaine Chevallier, Jean-Luc Chotte Functional Ecology & Biogeochemistry of Soils & Agro-ecosystems A French Multi-institute Research group based in Montpellier www.montpellier.inra.fr/ecosols
  • 2. The dominant vision since 1992 (UNFCCC) Mitigation Soil of GHG Carbon GLOBAL Problems/Solutions Actions/Implementations LOCAL
  • 3. It is time to recognize that “soil carbon” is not just a matter of FOOD “Mitigation” and “Climate Change” … SECURITY Increase agronomic productivity POVERTY ALLEVIATION Soil Water Control or fertility retention reversal of UNCCD degradation and Mitigation Soil Erosion desertification of trends GHG Carbon control In a context of adaptation to global change increasing resilience and decreasing vulnerability GLOBAL Problems/Solutions Actions/Implementations LOCAL How to maximize trade-offs and find synergies
  • 4. Most sequestering practices show synergies with yield increase Even in drylands were it is most needed! Regions Sustainable land management Net mitigation potential Average yield (Moisture categories (1) increase (2) regime) tCO2-eq /ha /yr1 % Dry Cool Warm Agronomy 0.39 0.39 116 Nutrient 0.33 0.33 72* management Tillage/residues 0.17 0.35 122 management Water management 1.14 1.14 92 Agroforestry 0.17 0.35 81 1IPCC (2006), 2 Branca et al. (2013),* considers only organic nutrient management But those values are too “coarse”, need to down scale… How to maximize trade-offs and find synergies
  • 5. Available results at finer resolution? Geographical Distribution of Carbon Sequestration Estimates But those values are too “coarse”, need to down scale…
  • 6. Available results at finer resolution? Geographical Distribution of Carbon Sequestration Estimates Lowest values! C market seems (is) inaccessible
  • 7. Carbon market is dead (or nearly)…long live “practices-based” Market Market based on the impact/result of the practice / management options Market based on adoption of sequestering practices Estimated results Verified result or management options Soil C Adoption of a practice that stock stores/preserves carbon Estimate measure time
  • 8. Adoption of a practice that Need more “validation” studies of the practices and stores/preserves carbon their impacts in terms of soil C sequestration , and other co-benefits. Paucity of data for tropical and, even more, drylands! 200 200 C content variation from (a) Temperate region (b) Tropical region the control (base 100) 150 150 100 100 50 50 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 Total input of ramial wood (t DM / ha ) Adapted from Barthès et al. 2010. Effects of ramial wood amendments on crops and soil: A synthesis of experimental results. Photos © E. Hien Cah. Agric., 19, 280-87 (In French)
  • 9. Fortune cookie message! “Soil Carbon is at the crossroads of the conventions and scales and provides multiples benefits” Soil GLOBAL LOCAL Carbon UNCCD But “Pratices” should be highlighted!
  • 10. Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices: a win-win strategy attending both global (fight against climate change) and local problems (soil degradation) This presentation was build upon ideas and exchanges from numerous colleagues and results from research programs, in particular: http://www.csf-desertification.org/ http://www.rime-pampa.net/ Une Réponse Intégrée Multi-Équipes au Programme d’Appui Multi Pays pour l’Agro-écologie Le Comité Scientifique Français de la Désertification French Scientific Committee on Desertification CaSA Réseau « Carbone des Sols pour une agriculture durable en Afrique » Sociétés Rurales, Environnement, Climat en Afrique de l'Ouest Network “Soil Carbon for a Sustainable agriculture in Africa” Rural Societies, Environment, Climate in West Africa Rede “Carbono dos Solos para uma agricultura Sustentável na Africa” http://www.ppr-srec.ird.fr/ http://www.reseau-carbone-sol-afrique.org/
  • 11. Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices: a win-win strategy attending both global (fight against climate change) and local problems (soil degradation) Full report will be soon available on line at http://www.csf-desertification.org/
  • 12. Managing soil carbon through agro-ecological practices: a win-win strategy attending both global (fight against climate change) and local problems (soil degradation) http://www.soilcarbon.org.uk