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IAM Institute of Applied Media Studies



        4th International Disaster and Risk Conference, Davos, 26-30 August 2012

         Social Media and Linguistics as a Part of an Integrative Risk Management



                                         Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media

                                                         Michael Schanne




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


• A media sociology point of view


• Meta-analytical evidence based on content analyses

• Keyword search for studies from three fields: events, technical
  channels, communications


• Anecdotal evidence




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts                    2
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
• Natural disaster; marine earthquake, tsunami

• Industrial accident; full meltdown of reactors

• Wilful negligence of security and safety standards (The Official
  Report of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent
  Investigation Commission; Executive Summary)




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts                     3
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


• Social media is a most general term that keeps together blogs,
  micro-blogs, forums, audio-photo-video-sharings, Wikis, social
  bookmarking, social networking and other tools and applications
  that facilitate interactive communication and message or
  content exchange among and between individuals, audiences,
  publics, organizations.
• Twitter and Facebook are best known and most studied




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts                4
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


• It is a common place that social media may serve as an
  important channel of information and communication during and
  in the aftermath of disasters.




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts              5
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


Functions of social media in disaster communication
•social media provide breaking news and updates; provide a flow
of information
•social media provide situational updates; provide geolocation
information helping people to be aware of the situation; at least of
the uncertainties of the situation
•social media provide good advice just in time; provide guidelines
how to cope with changing situations




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts                       6
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


• social media provide “raw material”-information for journalistic
  reporting; social media provide “frames” for journalistic reporting
  and public discussion – thus setting the public agenda
• social media enable disaster-related citizen participation;
  mobilizing and activating information thus empowering people
• social media make accessible sources of independent and
  reliable knowledge and expertise – thus providing a sort of
  counter-competence




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts                    7
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


• social media gave a voice to the workers in the nuclear power
  plant; gave a voice to the evacuees; gave a voice to the
  protesters; gave a voice to children and mothers; that is to say
  give a voice to victims
• social media serve people to organize protest against nuclear
  power
• social media allow for expressing emotions, for emotional
  ventings, provide emotional support.




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts                     8
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


• Research is still at its infancy
• Caution: Which effects are (only) attributed (marketing jargon)
  and which effects are the «real» ones


• Problem: accessibility

• Problem: credibility

• Problem: manageability




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts                    9
Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media


• «Public relations professionals and academics have only just
  begun to measure the impact of the blogosphere on public
  relation practices.» (Yan Lin, Brooke Liu Fisher 2010, 449)


• And as an open end: It is useful to think of different social media
  as serving different functions among different user groups
  during different events (Palen et al 2010)




Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts                    10

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Davos presentation

  • 1. IAM Institute of Applied Media Studies 4th International Disaster and Risk Conference, Davos, 26-30 August 2012 Social Media and Linguistics as a Part of an Integrative Risk Management Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media Michael Schanne Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts
  • 2. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media • A media sociology point of view • Meta-analytical evidence based on content analyses • Keyword search for studies from three fields: events, technical channels, communications • Anecdotal evidence Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 2
  • 3. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant • Natural disaster; marine earthquake, tsunami • Industrial accident; full meltdown of reactors • Wilful negligence of security and safety standards (The Official Report of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission; Executive Summary) Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 3
  • 4. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media • Social media is a most general term that keeps together blogs, micro-blogs, forums, audio-photo-video-sharings, Wikis, social bookmarking, social networking and other tools and applications that facilitate interactive communication and message or content exchange among and between individuals, audiences, publics, organizations. • Twitter and Facebook are best known and most studied Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 4
  • 5. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media • It is a common place that social media may serve as an important channel of information and communication during and in the aftermath of disasters. Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 5
  • 6. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media Functions of social media in disaster communication •social media provide breaking news and updates; provide a flow of information •social media provide situational updates; provide geolocation information helping people to be aware of the situation; at least of the uncertainties of the situation •social media provide good advice just in time; provide guidelines how to cope with changing situations Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 6
  • 7. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media • social media provide “raw material”-information for journalistic reporting; social media provide “frames” for journalistic reporting and public discussion – thus setting the public agenda • social media enable disaster-related citizen participation; mobilizing and activating information thus empowering people • social media make accessible sources of independent and reliable knowledge and expertise – thus providing a sort of counter-competence Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 7
  • 8. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media • social media gave a voice to the workers in the nuclear power plant; gave a voice to the evacuees; gave a voice to the protesters; gave a voice to children and mothers; that is to say give a voice to victims • social media serve people to organize protest against nuclear power • social media allow for expressing emotions, for emotional ventings, provide emotional support. Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 8
  • 9. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media • Research is still at its infancy • Caution: Which effects are (only) attributed (marketing jargon) and which effects are the «real» ones • Problem: accessibility • Problem: credibility • Problem: manageability Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 9
  • 10. Disasters, Crisis Communication, and Social Media • «Public relations professionals and academics have only just begun to measure the impact of the blogosphere on public relation practices.» (Yan Lin, Brooke Liu Fisher 2010, 449) • And as an open end: It is useful to think of different social media as serving different functions among different user groups during different events (Palen et al 2010) Zurich Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts 10