1. Energy Sources
Presented By: Glenford Rene Pabularcon
Christian Galang
Passed To: Ms. Kristine Lyn Y. Kabigting

2. Situation of the Presentation
With the looming rate hike and the threat of rotational brownouts, Non- Government
Organizations (NGO) is inviting all concerned citizens to create a presentations on the
different energy sources in the hope of finally stabilizing power distribution in the
country.

3. Goals of the Presentation
A certain company has once again asked the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) in
its power charges

4. The Program
Walkthrough of our program:
• The Problem of our Energy Sources
• Energy Sources in the Philippines
• Other Energy Sources to stabilize our energy needs
• How to conserve energy (Tips)
• Summary

5. The Problem of our Energy
Sources

6. The Problem of our Energy
Sources
Supply-demand outlook
Based on the Luzon supply-demand outlook for 2014-2016 presented by Petilla, a yellow alert will
be issued mid-March 2015, while the region will be on red alert in the entire month of April. A
yellow alert will issued in May.
A yellow alert means that contingency reserves are below the minimum level set by regulators, but
there are no blackouts.
Luzon was placed on yellow alert 5 times from January to June this year and 3 times on red alert
from May to June this year.
Rotating blackouts have hit the region since the weekend of July 12 and 13, when major power
plants went offline for maintenance.
The destruction caused by Glenda worsened the blackouts to up to 3 hours, affecting nearly half a
million people in the Manila Electric Company (Meralco) franchise.

7. As Glenda wreaked havoc on power and transmission lines in most of Luzon on July 16, 86% of Meralco
customers had no power in their homes. Luzon was on red alert on July 18.
“We can live on yellow alert but on red, we cannot,” Petilla said.
The maximum demand for power next year is seen hitting 9,017 megawatts (MW). “We will have a
deficit of 400 to 500 MW,” Petilla said.
While some power projects are expected to fire up by 2015, these may not be enough to avert a red alert
since they will not be operational at the same time.
The Malampaya natural gas facility that is fueling some plants is also expected to go on maintenance
shutdown from March 15 to April14, 2015, Petilla added.
“There is an admission that by 2015 our supply is not enough. There are projects that we feel may not
push through,” he said.
The President needs to have emergency powers as early as August to address the lack of supply next year,
he noted.
The Problem of our Energy
Sources (Continuation)

8. Energy Sources in the
Philippines
The Philippines has large reserves of many natural resources; chief among these are oil,
natural gas and coal. Other sources of energy that can be harnessed include geothermal
energy and hydroelectricity. The country's slow rate of exploitation of these natural
resources ensures that they will be available for generations to come.

9. Oil
The Philippines' proven oil deposits currently stand at 138 million barrels. The country's
rate of extraction is 25,000 barrels a day, which is far below the consumption. Recent
discovery of deep-water oil resources has encouraged greater production of oil, but it is
still not enough to meet the country's petroleum needs without imports.
Energy Sources in the
Philippines

10. Natural Gas
Natural gas deposits in the Philippines are located offshore, above the country's deep-sea
oil reserves. The Philippines possesses 3.9 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves.
Although extraction only began in 2000, production has been able to meet demand every
year without imports. Even larger natural gas deposits may be held in another offshore
location.
Energy Sources in the
Philippines

11. Coal
The Philippines holds 260 million short tons of usable coal reserves. While it has
recently increased extraction, consumption still far outpaces production, forcing the
country to rely on imports to meet demand.
Energy Sources in the
Philippines

12. Geothermal Energy
Boracay, Philippines: because of its position as an island chain in the Pacific Ocean, the
Philippines is located in a relatively active seismic area. Geothermal energy allows the
country to use this to its advantage. Currently, the Philippines is the second highest
producer of geothermal energy. The government has set a goal to surpass the United
States as the highest producer in the world.
Energy Sources in the
Philippines

13. Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity centers in the Philippines generate 2,900 megawatts of electricity, which
is 19 percent of the country's total electricity consumption. The rate of production has
remained constant for decades, but there are plans to introduce more hydroelectric
centers.
Energy Sources in the
Philippines

14. Wind Energy
Wind power in the Philippines makes up a small percentage of the total energy output of
the Philippines. The country wind energy sector has significant potential and could
provide up to 76GW of power. Two of the largest developments are the Bangui Wind
Farm in Bangui, Ilocos Norte, and the Wind Energy Power System (WEPS) in Puerto
Galera, Mindoro Oriental.
Energy Sources in the
Philippines

15. Other Energy Sources to
stabilize our Energy Needs

16. Biomass
Although biomass is a renewable energy, this should not be mistaken for a clean energy
source. Although biomass is significantly cleaner than most fossil fuels such as coal
and oil, it still produces sulphur dioxide during electricity production.
Other Energy Sources to
stabilize our Energy Needs

17. Solar energy
Solar energy can be somewhat unreliable depending on the placement, location, and
surrounding environment of the solar cells. The greater the solar energy supply, the
more effective the cells will be, however, the more heat a solar panel receives, the more
unreliable it can be.
Other Energy Sources to
stabilize our Energy Needs

18. Tidal energy
Tidal energy can be used to create electricity from the large energy force behind the
tides. The main disadvantage of tidal energy is the effect on the surrounding
environment, affecting sea life, and shore access.
Other Energy Sources to
stabilize our Energy Needs

19. Wave energy
Wave energy is similar to tidal energy, but instead uses the force behind the waves (not
the tide) to generate electricity. The cost to sea life is usually less of an issue, as the
construction tends to float on the water, and not in the sea. This is a relatively new
technology, and in many cases, is still in the research phase.
Other Energy Sources to
stabilize our Energy Needs

20. How to conserve energy
Whenever you save energy, you not only save money, you also reduce the demand for
such fossil fuels as coal, oil, and natural gas. Less burning of fossil fuels also means
lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary contributor to global warming,
and other pollutants.

21. How to conserve energy
There are 15 tips on how to conserve energy:
 Turn your refrigerator down. Refrigerators account for about 20% of Household
electricity use. Make sure that its energy saver switch is turned on. Also, check the
gaskets around your refrigerator/freezer doors to make sure they are clean and
sealed tightly.
 Set your clothes washer to the warm or cold water setting, not hot.
 Make sure your dishwasher is full when you run it and use the energy saving
setting, if available, to allow the dishes to air dry.
 Turn down your water heater thermostat.
 Select the most energy-efficient models when you replace your old appliances.
Look for the Energy Star Label - your assurance that the product saves energy and
prevents pollution.
 Be careful not to overheat or overcool rooms.
 Clean or replace air filters as recommended. Energy is lost when air conditioners
and hot-air furnaces have to work harder to draw air through dirty filters.

22. How to conserve energy
 Buy energy-efficient compact fluorescent bulbs for your most-used lights.
 Wrap your water heater in an insulating jacket.
 Use less hot water by installing low-flow shower heads.
 Weatherize your home or apartment, using caulk and weather stripping to plug air
leaks around doors and windows.
 Insulate your walls and ceilings.
 Modernize your windows.
 Plant shade trees and paint your house a light color if you live in a warm climate, or
a dark color if you live in a cold climate.
 Work with your employer to implement these and other energy-efficiency and
waste-reduction measures in your office or workplace.

23. Summary of the Presentation

24. Summary of the Presentation
Why it is important to save energy:
 Save money: Typical mid-income households spend R 150 to R 200 per month on
electricity -- 500 to 800 kilowatt-hours (kWh). Most households could save 20 - 30
% of this easily.
 Reduce 'Greenhouse Gas' emissions: In South Africa electricity is generated from
the coal-burning industries in Gauteng, which produces carbon dioxide (CO2) when
burnt. This is contributing to Global Warming, which is potentially catastrophic.
Fuel combustion in cars is also responsible for substantial CO2 emissions.
 Reduce air pollution caused by burning coal to generate electricity, and from car
fumes.
 Save water: Power stations use 2 liters of water for every unit of electricity (kWh)
generated.

25. The End of the
Presentation
That’s all for our presentation
“Hope that you learned”