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 NAME : Siddharth Tiwari
 COURSE : B.Tech CSE
 SUBJECT : Computer Architecture & Organisation
 SCHOOL : MSOET
 SUBJECT TEACHER : DR. KALYAN ACHARJYA

3. TOPICS
• What is Instruction Set
Architecture?
• Components of ISA
• Types of ISA (CISC and
RISC)
• ISA Characteristics
• Importance of ISA
• Conclusion
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4. WHAT IS INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE?
•Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) defines the interface between
hardware and software.
•It specifies the instructions a computer can execute, including their
format and operation.
•ISA plays a vital role in the organization and design of computer
systems.
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5. COMPONENTS OF ISA
ISA comprises several essential components :
• Registers
•Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
•Control Unit
•Memory
•Input/Output (I/O)
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8. TYPES OF ISA
ISA can be broadly classified into two types:
• Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
• Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
Each type has distinct characteristics and design
philosophies.
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9. Characteristics of CISC
 CISC processors have:
• A large and diverse instruction set
• Complex instructions
• Varying opcode
• CISC offers ease of programming but can be less efficient.
• Low speed
• High power consumption
• General purpose application
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10. Characteristics of RISC
 RISC processors have:
• A small and simple instruction set
• Simple instructions
• Emphasis on pipelining
• Target based application
• RISC excels in performance but may require more code.
• Fixed opcode
• High speed
• Low power consumption
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11. IMPORTANCE OF
ISA
ISA impacts:
• Computer performance
• Compiler design
• Programmer productivity
It influences how software interacts with hardware.
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12. CONCLUSION
•In conclusion, ISA is a critical concept in computer
architecture.
•It defines how software communicates with hardware.
•Understanding ISA is essential for computer scientists,
engineers, and programmers
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13. REFERENCES
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Falg.manifoldapp.org%2Fread%2Fcomputer-organization%2Fsection%2F48e7b9c1-8945-4c04-a054-
a345aa8a64cf&psig=AOvVaw0YIXt-syX8jD-bLh-
w4RTN&ust=1695469211711000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCLjtrPeqvoEDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FComputer_architecture&psig=AOvVaw0YIXt -syX8jD-bLh-
w4RTN&ust=1695469211711000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCLjtrPeqvoEDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAR
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-organization-and-architecture-tutorials/
https://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~srsarangi/archbooksoft.html
https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Computer_architecture_and_organization
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