Creative an Inclusive School - Unit 1 - Understanding the Disability – 3 - Morbidity/Physically Challenged, Meaning and Definition, Causes, Types and Teaching Strategies
4. Meaning of Morbidity
The rate of incidence of a disease
Particular disease in a specific locality
An abnormally gloomy or unhealthy
state of mind; "his fear of being
alone verges on morbidity"
The quality of being unhealthful and
generally bad
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5. Meaning of Physically Challenged
Limitation/difficulty of Physical
functioning of a person in mobility,
dexterity and stamina
Limits facets of
daily living
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6. Meaning of Physically Challenged
Reduced
ability, or
inability, to
perform
body
movements
Inability, to perform
1. Walking
2. Moving hands/arms
3. Sitting
4. Standing
5. Controlling muscles
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7. Meaning of Physically Challenged
Physical disabilities
may affect, either
temporarily or
permanently,
a person’s
physical
capacity and/or
mobility
A person may be
born with a physical
disability or
acquire
it later in life
through accident,
injury,
illness or side
effects of
medical
treatment
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9. Types of Physically Challenged
Upper limb(s) disability
Lower limb(s) disability
Acquired brain injury
Spinal Cord injury
Spina bifida
Epilepsy
Muscular Dystrophy
Dwarfism
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Manual dexterity
Disability in co-ordination
with different organs of the
body
Cerebral Palsy
Cystic fibrosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Tourette Syndrome
10. Types of Physically Challenged
1. Acquired brain injury
Damage that happens to the brain after birth
Causes –
1. Blow to the head 2. Alcohol or drugs
3. Stroke 4. Infection
5. Disease such as AIDs or cancer or a lack
of oxygen
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11. Types of Physically Challenged
1. Acquired brain injury
Trouble in processing information
Difficulty in planning and solving problems
Changes in behaviour and personality, physical
and sensory abilities, or thinking and learning
The effects can be temporary or permanent.
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13. Types of
Physically
Challenged
- 2. Spinal
Cord injury
Excess
pressure
on Spinal
Cord
Loss of
function
such as
mobility
or feeling
Injury/
Accident
Results in
Quadriplegia
(loss of
function below
the neck)
Results in
Paraplegia
(loss of
function
below the
chest)
Blood and
Oxygen
supply cut
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14. Types of Physically
Challenged – 3. Spina Bifida
Incomplete
formation
of the spine
and spinal
cord in
utero
Paralysis or
weakness
in the legs
Bowel and
bladder
incontinence
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15. Types of Physically
Challenged – 3. Spina Bifida
Hydrocephalus
(too much fluid
in the brain
cavities)
Deformities of
the spine
Learning
difficulties
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16. Types of Physically
Challenged – 3. Spina Bifida
Genetic
Factors
Environmental
Factors
Adequate
intake of
Folate (B-
Vitamins) by
the mother in
early
pregnancy
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17. Types of
Physically
Challenged –
4. Cerebral
Palsy
Injury to the
developing
brain before
or during birth
Reduced
blood supply
and lack of
oxygen to the
brain
Illnesses during
pregnancy
such as
rubella (the
German
measles)
Accidental
injury to the
brain
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18. Types of
Physically
Challenged
– 4. Cerebral
Palsy
Involuntary
Movements
Meningitis
in young
children
Weakness,
Difficulty in
Walking
Lack of
Muscle
Control
Problems
with
Coordination
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23. Types of
Physically
Challenged
– 7. Multiple
Sclerosis
Myelin
Sheath
damaged,
causing
patches and
Scars
Myelin
Sheath –
Protective
tissue
around
nerve fibres
Scars
interfere the
messages
sent from
Central
Nervous
System
Affects
brain,
optic
nerves and
spinal cord
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24. Types of
Physically
Challenged –
7. Multiple
Sclerosis -
Symptoms
Fatigue
Depression
Cognitive
Difficulties
Memory
Loss
Visual
Disturbances
Loss of
Motor
Control
Tingling –
unusual
sensation
in hands,
feet, arms
and leg
Numbness
– loss of
sensation
and
feelings
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27. Types of
Physically
Challenged
9. Tourette
Syndrome
Vocal tics -
Blurting out
socially
unacceptable
words or
phrases
Neurological
order
Involuntary
and repetitive
vocalisations,
sounds, and
movements
Vocal tics
– Sniffing
and throat
clearing
Vocal tics
- Tongue
clicking
and
grunting
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28. Types of
Physically
Challenged
9. Tourette
Syndrome
Motor tics -
Nose
twitching
and Head
jerking
Motor tics -
Eye
blinking
and
shrugging
Motor tics -
Facial
expressions
and touching
objects or
people
Motor
tics -
Spinning
around
Motor tics -
Imitating
someone
else’s
actions, or
jumping up
and down.
Motor tics -
Jumping
up and
down.
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29. Types of Physically Challenged 10. Dwarfism
Short stature (abnormal
skeletal growth)
Caused by over 300
genetic or medical
conditions
Adult height of 4
feet 10 inches or
less
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30. Types of Physically Challenged 10. Dwarfism
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2 Categories of
Dwarfism
Disproportionate
Dwarfism
Proportionate
Dwarfism
31. Types of Physically Challenged 10. Dwarfism
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Disproportionate
Dwarfism
Some parts of
the body are
smaller
Other parts of
the body are
average or
above average
32. Types of Physically Challenged 10. Dwarfism
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Proportionate
Dwarfism
Body is
averagely
Proportioned
All parts of body
is small to the
same degree
33. Causes of Physically Challenged
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Hereditary or Congenital Acquired
37. Redesign - Appropriate seating
Frequent and Flexible breaks
Providing Assistive Technology
Wheel Chair – Accomodation to sit comfort
Supportive Environment
Offer discretion (quality of behaving or speaking)
Make Eye contact and speak directly
Sit down to speak at the same eye level
TeachingStrategiesforstudents
withPhysicallyChallenged
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38. Simple Pencil grips or ergonomically designed pens
Hand made adaptations
Voice recognition software – instead of typing
Active Participation of activities in classroom
Provide Assistance to complete projects/assignments
Handouts in alternative formats
Arrange the room to move around easily
Larger desk – Books, Papers etc.
TeachingStrategiesforstudents
withPhysicallyChallenged
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39. Arrange Scribe for taking notes
Identify the area of experience – handle
according to that
Collect feedback
Provide Guidance and Counselling
Encourage Independence
Encourage support from peers
TeachingStrategiesforstudents
withPhysicallyChallenged
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Encourage Communication
Provide adjustable desks