1. EU and Russia
the instruments of trade policy and
the political and economic impact for
both partners

2. Introduction – the historical and political
background of EU-Russia co-operation
The most important dates are:
• 24 June 1994, when the Partnership and
Cooperation Agreement was signed
• It entered into force on 1 December 1997
• May 31 in St. Petersburg during the
celebration of the 300th anniversary of the
city hosted the meeting where four common
spaces of mutual cooperation were
established

3. Geographical background and
arrangement of natural resources
Russia
• singular country
• is approximately 1.8 times the size
of the US !!
European Union
• politico – economic union of 28
states
• less that one-half the size of US

4. Natural resources
• Russia now produces 20 % of the world’s natural gas
• Oil is also a valuable commodity !
• Russia is self-sufficient in all major industrial raw materials,
and contains reserves of less essential, but nevertheless
significant, natural resources, including diamonds and gold.
• Energy is a very important element in the EU-Russia
relationship.

5. COMMON SPACES
• Economic
• Freedom, Security and Justice
• External Security
• Research, Education, Culture

6. First Sector of Co-operation –
Economic Space
A short extract from the CES Concept:
• The purpose of CES establishment is creation conditions for stable and
effective development of the member-states economics and improvement
of life quality of the population.
• The underlying principles of the CES operation are securing free transfer of
commodities, services, capital and manpower across the borders of the
member-states.
• The principle of free commodity transfer stipulates elimination of
exemptions from free market mode and removing mutual trade
constraints based on customs tariffs standardization, establishing common
customs tariff prescribed on the ground of the procedure coordinated by
the member-states, non-tariff regulation measures, application of
regulating tools for trading with the third countries CES is being formed
gradually by integration level increase, through synchronization of
economy transformation performed by the member-states, joint measures
on pursuing coordinated economic policy.

7. First Sector of Co-operation –
Economic Space
• Integration directions and their realization efforts are defined based on
the corresponding international agreements and CES authorities’
decisions stipulating their full-scale executive force for each member-
state as well as their implementation arrangement and liability for
non-performance of the concerted decisions.
• Formation and operation of CES is carried out taking into account WTO
(World Trade Organization) rules and guidelines.
• CES formation procedures coordination is performed by the relevant
bodies established on the basis of separate international agreements.
The bodies are structured in respect of integration levels.
• The legal platform for forming and operation of CES are international
agreements and CES bodies’ decisions, concluded and made with due
account for interests and legislation of the member-states and in line
with generally recognized norms and principles of international law.

8. Russia’s accession to the WTO
On December 16th, 2011, the Eight Ministerial conference of
the WTO (which is the highest body of the WTO) formally
approved through unanimous voting the accession package
of the Russian Federation to the WTO.
The process, which at some of its stages seemed to be long
drawn, had been completed. Formally, Russia has been
negotiating with GATT/WTO members over 18 years. No
other member of the WTO needed such a lengthy
negotiation period before acceding to the WTO. Another
record set by Russia is the number of member states (over
60) which participated in the Working Party of Russia’s
accession negotiations. The goal of Russian negotiators was
to ensure accession terms appropriate for the country.

9. Second Sector of Co-operation –
Freedom, Security and Justice
The Common Space of Freedom, Security and Justice
(FSJ) is also the subject of a long and detailed text. The
common commitments made towards combating
international crime, drug trafficking and terrorism have
a more vivid content. This second space is sprinkled
with quite numerous points for concrete cooperation
between Russian security agencies and the growing
number of EU agencies, such as Europol, Euro just and
the anti-terrorism special representative. Here the EU
and Russia face common threats, and so the search for
useful cooperation can proceed.

10. Third Sector of Co-operation -
External Security
There are 5 priority areas for enhancing EU-Russia cooperation:
1. Strengthening dialogue and cooperation on the international scene
2. The fight against terrorism
3. Non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of
delivery, strengthening export control regimes and disarmament
4. Cooperation in crisis management
5. Cooperation in the field of civil protection

11. Fourth Sector of Co-operation –
Research, Education and Culture
The EU and Russia have agreed to reinforce their cooperation in
the area of external security as they both have a particular
responsibility for security and stability on the European
continent and beyond.

12. There are 5 priority areas for enhancing EU-Russia cooperation :
1. Strengthening dialogue and cooperation on the international scene
2. The fight against terrorism
3. Non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of
delivery, strengthening export control regimes and disarmament
4. Cooperation in crisis management
5. Cooperation in the field of civil protection
Fourth Sector of Co-operation
– Research, Education and Culture

13. EU-Russia Energy Cooperation
Energy Dialogue European Union and the Russian
Federation provided was as a mechanism for bilateral
cooperation. According to the declaration adopted on
the EU-Russia summit in October 2000. seeks to solve
"All issues of mutual interest".
The result of the next summit in 2001 was a joint
declaration setting out the priorities dialogue:
• - Improvement of the legal basis of cooperation in the
energy sector;
• - Ensuring the security of the transmission;
• - Securing long-term contracts for the supply of raw
materials energy;

14. Summary and current situation
The European-Russian relations have been of great
importance and characterized by a mutual
interdependence. Gradual improvements in the relations
in the recent years have been today overshadowed by
the crisis in Ukraine and its effects. This crisis in the
relations between Russia and the European Union in
particular creates for politicians, the businesses and
community experts a new and big challenge to
summarize different experiences of the interaction
between
…

15. …
two parties to revive the dialogue and cooperation in various
fields. Over the time despite strong ties between the societies
the Economic cooperation has been a successful transition
belt for deepening the relations and therefore of special
importance. The experts discuss the issues of a modern
framework of European Security, peculiarities of the energy
dialogue, as well as future developments of energy resources
and efficiency and perspectives of integration projects in and
around Eurasia and to share knowledge and improve the
mutual understanding. Topic of political and economical
situation in Russia is leading one in media all around the
World

16. Bibliography
• “Gospodarka w relacjach Unia Europejska – Federacja Rosyjska” Ewa Szkop, Uniwersytet Warszawski
• www.kas.de/eu-russland-dialog/en/events/61322/
• www.economist.com
• www.bbc.com
• www.swiat.neewsweek.pl
• http://ec.europa.eu