India produces the most spices in the world. Cloves have the highest antioxidant level of the spices listed. Saffron is the world's most expensive spice. The ancient Greeks called fennel "marathon" and kept pepper in its own container at the dining table. Egyptians used cinnamon for embalming and cloves were stuffed in Ramses II's nostrils as part of mummification. Venice had a monopoly on the spice trade with the Middle East from the 8th to 15th centuries.