There are many definitions of a <Smart City>, and almost all identify ICT as the key enabler. But, what are the characteristics of a smart city, and what is the role of ICT in enabling those characteristics? Moreover, how ICT maturity can be assessed in a smart city context? The slides give a brief on smart city concepts, elaborate on the role of ICT in smart city enablement and also introduce an EA framework to assess ICT maturity of smart cities.

1. Smart Cities and ICT
An ICT Assessment Framework
for Smart Cities
HAKAN DEMİREL
“A smart sustainable city is an innovative city that uses
ICTs and other means to improve the quality of life,
efficiency of urban operation and services, and
competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs
of present and future generations with respect to
economic, social and environmental aspects.”
(ITU FG-SCC)

2. Smart Cities handle current and future problems
proactively, efficient and in sustainable ways
Environment : According to the UN,
50% of the world's population lives
in cities and produces 70% of
greenhouse gases
Urbanization: Population in mega
cities increases faster than country
population
Demography: While cities in need
of providing education,
employment and housing for a
large young population, an increase
is observed in the demand for
health services and accessible
services from the older population.
Tokyo
38M
Beijing
20M
Shanghai
24M
Istanbul
14M
Cairo
19M
Dehli
26M
Mumbai
21M
New York
19M
Lagos
14M
Mexico City
21M
São Paulo
21M
Population with age over
65 in Tokyo and Osaka
20%
Population with age below
15 in mega cities in Africa
and Asia
25%

3. ENERGY WASTE
EDUCATION PUBLIC SAFETY POLLUTION HEALTH
URBAN DIVIDESenvironment
WATER
housing JOBS TRANSPORTATION
FOOD &
AGRICULTURE
DIFFERENT CITIES
SIMILAR CHALLENGES
MatureDeveloping Growing
• High growth rate
• Young population
• Unplanned infrastructure
• Limited public transportation
• Management without
coordination
• Insufficient service and
infrastructure
• Ongoing growth
• Urban planning
• Extension of public
transportation
• High coordination of
management
• Improved service and
infrastructure
• Steady and negative growth
• Aging Population
• Coordinating planning
• Integrated transportation
systems
• Central management
• Established services and
infrastructures
Source: Ericsson

4. Different cities have adopted different
approaches
Intelligent City relies on the
digital city infrastructure to
build intelligent buildings,
transportation systems,
schools, enterprises, public
spaces, public services, etc.
and to integrate them into
intelligent urban systems
Smart City – deploys
intelligent urban systems at
the service of socio-
economic development and
improving urban quality of
life
(Sources United Nations University, Smart Cities for Sustainable Development Research
Project, Sweco and SKL International)
Symbio City aims to "get
more for less", creating
synergy by integrating
different technologies and
city functions
There are several models that incorporate digital
technologies to address some of the urbanisation
and sustainability challenges
Digital City features the
integration of digital
technology into the city’s
core infrastructure systems

5. How Standardization bodies handle the Smart
City challenge
Level 1: Strategic: These are smart city
standards that aim to provide guidance
to city leadership and other bodies on
the “process of developing a clear and
effective overall smart city strategy”.
They include guidance in identifying
priorities, how to develop a roadmap
for implementation and how to
effectively monitor and evaluate
progress along the roadmap.
Level 2: Process: Standards in this category are focused on procuring and managing smart city
projects – in particular those that cross both organizations and sectors. These essentially offer
best practices and associated guidelines.
Level 3: Technical: This level covers the technical specifications that are needed to actually
implement Smart City products and services so that they meet the overall objectives
Placing major worldwide standards activities (Copyright BSI 2015)

6. Smart City Characteristics and Enablers
ENV MOB LIV GOV ECO PEO
SmartCityEnablers
Smart City Characteristics
ICT
Human Factors
Institutional Factors
ICT

7. Key ICT Trends Shaping Innovation
- Pioneered by Mobility, Broadband and Cloud
ICT
#2
Self-managing devices
#3
Communication beyond
sight and sound
#1
Spreading intelligence
throughout the cloud
Sharing a backbone of almost
unlimited computational power
makes it possible to build
lightweight, low-cost robots and
smart machines"
The connectivity allows objects to
be sensed and actuated remotely,
creating a bridge between the
physical and digital world"
The tactile internet is founded on
the visionary principle that all of
our human senses can be
embedded in human-machine
interaction"
Source: Ericsson

8. ICT as Key Enabler of a Smart Sustainable City
ENABLES
Health – allow users to manage their own health via their smart
device
Education – make education accessible, engaging, flexible and
affordable
Farming – help raise productivity and reduce food waste
Mobility – help everyone to travel faster, cheaper and safer
Buildings – increase comfort and reduce energy and water bills
Energy – enable the integration of renewables onto the grid, improve
efficiency and heighten transparency
Business- ICT-enabled telecommuting and virtual conferencing can
save employees time and money
Manufacturing – place the customer at the center of a user focused
service, cutting resource inputs at the
same time Source: GeSI, SMARTer 2030
ICT

9. ICT as Key Enabler of a Smart Sustainable City
ICT
1,25
12,08
BİT ayak İzi BİT ile etkinleştirilen
CO2e(Gt)
Source: GeSI, SMARTer 2030
Economy
Reduce expenditures
New income opportunities
Environment Enable growth
Reduce resource
consumption
Reduce emissions
Social
Connecting the unconnected
Increasing convenience and prosperity
4,5
2,0
Toplam (2030)
Ekonomik Getiri (Trilyon Dolar)
BİT Paydaşları BİT Sektörü -4,9
BİT ile Tasarruf
BİT, 2030 itibariyle
yılda 11 trilyon
dolara kadar
ekonomik getiri
sağlayabilir
Global cumulative measures Measures on use cases
2.5 Billion People access
to ICT
Time saving
(hours)
Peaple have access to E-
Health services
Attendance to E-Learning
services (University,
corporate internal)
Economical Benefit (Trillion Dollar)
Stakeholders ICT Sector
Saving via ICT
ICT, can bring up to
11 trillion dolar
economical benefit
till 2030
332 Trillion litre water saving
25 Billion barrel petrol saving
135 Million less automobile
25 Bilion barrel petrol saving
900 kg/hectar increase in yield
ICT-footprint ICT-enabled
Total (2030)
1.6 Billion
254 Billion
450 Million

10. Multi Layer Smart City Architecture
Natural Environment
Hard Infrastructure
ICT Infrastructure
Services
Soft Infrastructure
* ITU FG-SSC: Multi-tier SSC ICT meta-architecture
Smart City ICT Architecture

11. ICT Architecture development approach in
some Smart City initiatives
India recommends 7 areas as ICT foundational pillars for a
Smart City
China developed and is adopting a Smart City ICT
Evaluation Model and set of corresponding Indicators on
smart city informationization applications and services.
This evaluation model and indicator system mainly
focuses on how to evaluate a smart city from the
viewpoint of ICT applications and services.
SmartCities Project (partly
funded by the Interreg IVB
North Sea Region Programme
of the European Union)
Lessons and experiences from
three Smart Cities partners:
Karlstad, Kristiansand, and
Groningen.
Recommendation is an ICT
meta-model based on TOGAF.

12. CITIES as ENTERPRISES: Architecture Development
Approach Should Span The Enterprise
TO-BETransformAS-IS
Transform
Enterprise
•Strategy
•Plan
•Implement
•Operate

13. TOGAF - Architecture Development Cycle
Vision
Business
Architecture
Information
Systems
Architecture
Technology
Architecture
Opportunities
and Solutions
Migration
Planning
Implementation
Governance
Change
Management
Requirements
ROADMAP PLANNING
Enterprise
Continuum
Requirements
Architectures
Solutions
STRATEGY & VISION
ARCHITECTURE
DEVELOPMENT
EXECUTION&
PROGRAMGOVERNANCE

14. Mapping of TOGAF Architecture Development Model
to 3-Layer Architecture Model for Smart Cities
Technology Architecture
Application
Architecture
Data
Architecture
Business Architecture
3-Layer Architecture ModelTarget Architecture Development Model
IoT
TOGAF®

15. ICT Maturity Assessment Framework
• 3 – Layer Architecture Model
• Services
• Information Systems
• Infrastructure
• Governance
• Comply with Strategies
• Through Processes
• Defined with ICT Characteristics
• Sustainability
• Interoperability
• Adoption
• Security

16. ICT Maturity Assessment Framework
- ICT Characteristics grouped under 4
Sustainability
Efficiency
Reusability
Maintainability
Env. Friendliness
Interoperability
Connectedness
Integrated
Openness
Standardized
Adoption
Penetration
Usability
Suitability
Accessibility
Security
Integrity (data)
Confidentiality
Availability/Accessibility
Accountability

17. Smart City ICT Maturity Assessment Model
4-Level Maturity Model
EARLY STAGE
DEVELOPING
ADAPTING
OPTIMIZED
20
50
75
100
• Services are continually monitored
and improved upon automatic
feedback from users and systems
• Self-optimizing systems and solutions
are designed and implemented.
• The strategy and objectives are
recognized, adopted and
implemented among all segments
and inter-institutional level.
• Process performances are monitored
according to indicators and
processes are systematically
improved.
• Feedback mechanism for services
improvement exists and data
requirements are defined
• Standards-based solutions are
planned, but still isolated.
• Strategy and objectives and outputs
defined at segment level
• Standards-based processes are
planned
• Low digitalization and legacy services
• Isolated solutions created reactively
• Unclear vision and strategy
• Undefined or nonfunctional
processes
• Systems and processes are
integrated to be able to deliver
service improvements from
automated feedback from the field
• Proactive solutions based on
predictive mechanisms are being live,
which are built on standardized and
open data
• Inter-institutional strategies,
objectives and outcomes identified
• Processes are functional based on
standards and requirements

18. Smart City ICT Maturity Assessment Model