1. Assignment
Topic
Internet Definition, History, Basic Services,
Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet
Submitted To
Engineer Nouman Sb
Submitted By
Hamza iqbal
Roll No 16E037
BS(Mechanical Technology)
1st
Semester
UCET
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
2.
3. The Internet
Definitions
The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It
connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any
computer can communicate with any other computer
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use
the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.
History
The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers
in the 1950s. The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s,
including for the development of the ARPANET project. The Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet switching network and the
first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP. Both technologies became the
technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was initially funded by
the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of
Defense.
The packet switching methodology employed in the ARPANET was based on concepts
and designs by Americans Leonard Kleinrock and Paul Baran, British scientist Donald
Davies, and Lawrence Roberts.[6] The TCP/IP communications protocols were
developed for the ARPANET by computer scientists Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf, and
incorporated concepts from the French CYCLADES project directed by Louis Pouzin.
Internet Basic Services
There are four Basic Services Provided by the internet to its users
Electronic Mail
File Transfer Protocol
Telnet
The World Wide Web
4. Electronics Mail
Electronic Mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages between
people using electronic devices. Email first entered limited use in the 1960s and by the
mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email. Email operates
across computer networks, which today is primarily the Internet
File Transfer Protocol
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the
transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
FTP is built on a client-server model architecture and uses separate control and data
connections between the client and the server.[1] FTP users may authenticate
themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and
password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For
secure transmission that protects the username and password, and encrypts the
content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS (FTPS). SSH File Transfer Protocol(SFTP)
is sometimes also used instead; it is technologically different.
Telnet
Telnet is a protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a
bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a
virtual terminal connection. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control
information in an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP).
Telnet was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15, extended in RFC 854, and
standardized as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Standard STD 8, one
of the first Internet standards. The name stands for "teletype network".[1][2]
Historically, Telnet provided access to a command-line interface (usually, of
an operating system) on a remote host, including most network equipment and systems
with a configuration utility (including systems based on Windows NT).[clarification
needed] However, because of serious security concerns when using Telnet over an open
network such as the Internet, its use for this purpose has waned significantly in favor
of SSH.
The term telnet is also used to refer to the software that implements the client part of the
protocol. Telnet client applications are available for virtually all computer
5. platforms. Telnet is also used as a verb. To telnet means to establish a connection
using the Telnet protocol.
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information
space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource
Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via
the Internet.[1] English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.
He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in
Switzerland.[2][3] The Web browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other
research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in
August 1991.
The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and
is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.[4][5][6] Web pages are
primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML).[7] In addition to formatted text, web pages may
contain images, video, audio, and software components that are rendered in the
user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content.
Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages
with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, make up a website. Website
content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactively where users contribute
content or the content depends upon the users or their actions. Websites may be mostly
informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for commercial, governmental, or non-
governmental organizational purposes.
6. Advantages of Internet
The Internetis one of the greatest creationsand gives everyone in the
world with Internetaccess instantaccess to an endless supply of
knowledge and entertainment.Below is a complete list of all of the
advantages of the Internet.
Information, knowledge, and learning
As mentioned earlier, the Internet contains an endless supply of knowledge and
information that allows you to learn about almost any topic or question you may have.
Using a search engine like Google, you can ask virtually any question and find a web
page with an answer to that question. There are also millions of videos on sites
like YouTube that help explain various topics and even online courses that can be taken
to help teach you about many different subjects.
Connectivity, communication, and sharing
In the past, it would take days and sometimes even months to receive a letter from
someone else. Today, with the Internet, you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world
and often have it delivered in less than a minute. Other forms of communication, such
as chat and VOIP, also allow you to have instant communication with anyone in the
world.
Online forums are also places where people who share common interests can
connect with each other and talk about what they enjoy or ask other experts in the field
questions.
Address, mapping, and contact information
With the help of GPS technology, the Internet can help map and direct you to
almost every place in the world. You can quickly route to your location or find
businesses in your area that may sell or provide you with a service you need. Today's
search engines are also smart enough to know your location and help give you the most
relevant searches for your area. For example, if you needed a plumber and did a search
for "plumber", you would be given local plumbers in your area.
7. Banking, bills, and shopping
The Internet gives you access to your bank account to view your balance, make
transactions, and send money. Also, many services enable you to view and pay your
bills electronically.
Online shopping is another huge advantage of the Internet, giving anyone with Internet
access the ability to find products that interest them and buy them without having to visit
a store. The Internet gives everyone easy access to compare prices between
companies and even see what others think about a product through online reviews to
help make better purchasing decisions.
Donationsand funding
With access to a much wider audience, anyone with an Internet connection can
quickly make a donation to their favorite charity or help fund projects and ideas that
interest them. Also, those looking for charity can find many online services that help
make it easier to help donate or support their causes.
Entertainment
The Internet gives everyone access to an endless supply of entertainment, with
access to watch videos, watch movies, listen to music, and even play games online.
Cloud computing and cloud storage
The Internet connects your computers and Internet-enabled devices
to cloud services, like cloud computing and cloud storage. With cloud computing, a
device can have access to more powerful computers and even supercomputers to
perform complex tasks while you or your business works on other tasks.
Internet of Things
The Internet helps make devices in your home connected and smarter by giving
them access to the Internet. For example, the Nest thermostat can be connected to the
Internet to help control the heating and cooling in your home.
8. Disadvantages of Internet
Bullying, trolls, stalkers, and crime
Anyone who has spent time on the Internet has encountered trolls or abusive
people. With the highly-social nature of the modern Internet, the instances of cyber
bullying are sadly not uncommon.
With more and more people sharing information on the Internet, it is also much easier
for stalkers to find personal information about people and their family or use online
services to find information about other people.
Certain places on the Internet and the deep web can also be a location for criminals to
conduct business without as much fear of being caught and solicit their goods or
services to a global audience.
Exploitation and pornography and violent images
With the speed and ease of communicating on the Internet, it also makes it much
easier for those who prey on others to find people to exploit. It also makes it much
easier for someone to pretend they are someone else, the opposite sex, or younger
than they are to find others to exploit.
The Internet is also full of sites that contain easily accessed adult material that can be
easily accessed by minors or accidently viewed by those who don't want to see that
type of material.
Addiction, time waster, and causes distractions
The Internet and games played on the Internet can become very addictive and are often
designed to be addictive. With how addictive games can be and how much
entertainment is on the Internet it is easy to spend a lot of time on the Internet without
9. Never being able to disconnect
The Internet is perfect for giving everyone the ability to work from anywhere.
However, that also means that it may be expected that you are available to work even if
you are not supposed to be working.
For example, you may be at home and get a notification that an important work related
e-mail has been received and end up working on that e-mail without getting paid.
Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating
With access to billions of people and computers, it makes it easier for computer hackers
and malicious users to hack accounts and steal personal information that could be used
for identity theft. The Internet also connects all computers to each other, which makes it
easier for hackers to scan millions of computers and quickly identify what computers are
vulnerable to attack.
Spam and advertising
It's great that the Internet can be an easy way to reach a much wider audience than
traditional advertising methods (e.g., Newspaper, TV, and Radio). However, because it
is so easy and cheap, it can mean that you will see more advertising and get more
spam in your e-mail Inbox than you may in real life.
Depression, loneliness, and social isolation
Social networking sites can also lead to depression with many people when all you see
is the best of all your friend's lifes you may start to wonder why your life is not as good
as theirs.
The Internet makes it easier to communicate with others, and although you may find
new connections around the world, it can be easy to disconnect from those in your real
life when on the Internet or playing games on the Internet.
