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Batch & Continuous sterilization
techniques:
By
Harinatha Reddy A
Christ University
Department of Biotechnology
biohari14@gmail.com
Batch sterilization:
 Batch sterilization can be done by injecting the steam into the medium or
direct electrical heating of medium.
 The culture media are subjected to sterilization at 121°C, in the bioreactor for
20-60 minutes.
 For the direct batch sterilization, the steam should be pure, and free from all
chemical additives.
 Batch sterilization is the reduction of contaminant organisms.
 The batch sterilization, a system goes through 3 steps:
 Heating, Holding, and Cooling.
 The temperature is increased until it reaches the sterilization
temperature where it is held for a set period of time.
 During this phase, most of the unwanted microorganisms are
destroyed.
 Finally, the system is cooled to bring the sterile media back to
the desired temperature.
There are two disadvantages of batch sterilization:
1. Damage to culture media:
 Alteration in nutrients, change in pH and discolouration of the
culture media are common.
2. High energy consumption:
 All this process involves wastage of energy, and therefore batch
sterilization is quite costly.
Advantages:
 Most widely used technique
 Simple operation
 Low risk of contamination
Continuous sterilization:
 Continuous sterilization is carried out at 140°C for a very short
period of time ranging from 30 to 120 seconds.
 This is based on the principle that the time required for killing
microorganisms is much shorter at higher temperature.
 In Continuous sterilization the culture medium continuously
pumping holding loop.
 Once the media is in a holding loop, steam is injected to the
system via a nozzle.
 The sterile culture medium again pumped into the flash cooler to
bring culture medium to normal temperature.
Batch and continuous air sterilization Techniques
Advantages of continuous sterilization:
3. This process involves less wastage of energy, and
because sterilization complete with in short period.
4. Low risk of contamination.
Disadvantages:
 The certain chemical compounds in the medium become
precipitated (e.g., calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate) due to very
high temperature.
 The starch-containing culture media becomes viscous in
continuous sterilization and therefore is not used.
Sterilization of Air:
 Industrial fermentations are carried out under continuous
aeration.
 Air can be sterilized by filtration, heat and UV radiation.
Air sterilization by heat:
 In the early years, air was passed over electrically heated elements
and sterilized.
 But this is quite expense, hence not in use these days.
Air sterilization by filtration:
 Filtration of air is the most commonly used sterilization in
fermentation industries.
 Depth filters:
 Membrane cartridge filters:
Depth filters:
 When the air is passed through a glass wool (fibrous) containing
depth filters the particles are trapped and removed.
 The air is pass through this depth filter the microbial cells are
removed by physical screening or entrapment.
Membrane cartridge filters:
 Membrane filters made up of cellulose ester or nylon.
 Membrane cartridge filters are smaller in size, simpler for operation
and replacement.
 Membrane cartridge filters has capability to remove Bacteriophages
form air.
Thank you .

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Batch and continuous air sterilization Techniques

  • 1. Batch & Continuous sterilization techniques: By Harinatha Reddy A Christ University Department of Biotechnology biohari14@gmail.com
  • 2. Batch sterilization:  Batch sterilization can be done by injecting the steam into the medium or direct electrical heating of medium.  The culture media are subjected to sterilization at 121°C, in the bioreactor for 20-60 minutes.  For the direct batch sterilization, the steam should be pure, and free from all chemical additives.
  • 3.  Batch sterilization is the reduction of contaminant organisms.  The batch sterilization, a system goes through 3 steps:  Heating, Holding, and Cooling.
  • 4.  The temperature is increased until it reaches the sterilization temperature where it is held for a set period of time.  During this phase, most of the unwanted microorganisms are destroyed.  Finally, the system is cooled to bring the sterile media back to the desired temperature.
  • 5. There are two disadvantages of batch sterilization: 1. Damage to culture media:  Alteration in nutrients, change in pH and discolouration of the culture media are common. 2. High energy consumption:  All this process involves wastage of energy, and therefore batch sterilization is quite costly.
  • 6. Advantages:  Most widely used technique  Simple operation  Low risk of contamination
  • 8.  Continuous sterilization is carried out at 140°C for a very short period of time ranging from 30 to 120 seconds.  This is based on the principle that the time required for killing microorganisms is much shorter at higher temperature.
  • 9.  In Continuous sterilization the culture medium continuously pumping holding loop.  Once the media is in a holding loop, steam is injected to the system via a nozzle.  The sterile culture medium again pumped into the flash cooler to bring culture medium to normal temperature.
  • 11. Advantages of continuous sterilization: 3. This process involves less wastage of energy, and because sterilization complete with in short period. 4. Low risk of contamination.
  • 12. Disadvantages:  The certain chemical compounds in the medium become precipitated (e.g., calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate) due to very high temperature.  The starch-containing culture media becomes viscous in continuous sterilization and therefore is not used.
  • 13. Sterilization of Air:  Industrial fermentations are carried out under continuous aeration.  Air can be sterilized by filtration, heat and UV radiation.
  • 14. Air sterilization by heat:  In the early years, air was passed over electrically heated elements and sterilized.  But this is quite expense, hence not in use these days.
  • 15. Air sterilization by filtration:  Filtration of air is the most commonly used sterilization in fermentation industries.  Depth filters:  Membrane cartridge filters:
  • 16. Depth filters:  When the air is passed through a glass wool (fibrous) containing depth filters the particles are trapped and removed.  The air is pass through this depth filter the microbial cells are removed by physical screening or entrapment.
  • 17. Membrane cartridge filters:  Membrane filters made up of cellulose ester or nylon.  Membrane cartridge filters are smaller in size, simpler for operation and replacement.  Membrane cartridge filters has capability to remove Bacteriophages form air.