Printing

1. Traditional publishing
techniques
Harmeet Kaur

2. Etching(hand)
Etching is a traditional way of using strong acid to cut into unprotect parts of
a metal, this was done to create a design in intaglio; it was also a method of
printmaking alongside engraving. Till this very day it is the most important
technique for old master prints and remains in wide use today. Images
printed (etchings) by this process are the result of ink being forced out of the
incised lines in a zinc or copper plate using a heavy press. This
results in slightly raised ink on the paper and a characteristic plate mark
showing the edges of the plate
Basic method
The techniques of etching and engraving are believed to have originated in
Medieval times as a means of decorating armour and metal. The incised lines
would have often been filled to darken them and from this it would have
been a short step to transferring the image to cloth or paper. One suggestion
is knights falling on soft ground would have left an impression of the patterns
on their armour.
Antique Etching Published 1811
by Edward Orme, London for “A
new work on animals.

3. Linocut(hand)
What is Linocut?
Linocut is a printmaking technique, a variant of
woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum (sometimes
mounted on a wooden block) is used for the relief
surface.
First used by the German Expressionists in the
early 20th century, this type of relief printing
involves chiseling a design into a linoleum
surface that is then inked with a brayer and
produces an image. Some of the most famous
artists to work with linocuts include M.C.
Escher and Henri
Linocut Bar by Carl Eugen Keel
A painting by
M.C. Escher and Henri.
Linocut does not tend to split, it makes
it easier to obtain certain artistic effects
with lino than with other woods. Lino is
generally diced, much easier to cut than
wood, especially when heated, but the
pressure of the printing process
degrades the plate faster and it is
difficult to create larger works due to
the material's fragility.

4. Screen print(hand)
History Of Screen Printing
Screen printing was a technique first used by the Chinese almost
2000 years ago. They used human hair stretched across a wooden
frame to form the screen. To that they attached a stencil made
from leaves stuck together into different shapes.
1.Mesh is stapled to a wooden or metal frame
2.Masking tape stuck around underside of the screen
3.Stencil design cut
4.Stencil placed under frame but above paper
5.Line of ink placed at one end of screen
6.Use squeegee to draw ink across screen, pressing firmly
7.Carefully lift screen
8.Evaluate and repeat
What is Screen Printing?
Screen printing is a printing technique whereby a mesh is
used to transfer ink onto a substrate, except in areas
made impermeable to the ink by a blocking stencil. A
blade or squeegee is moved across the screen to fill the
open mesh apertures with ink, and a reverse stroke then
causes the screen to touch the substrate momentarily
along a line of contact.
Printing Techniques
A screen is made of a piece of mesh stretched over a
frame. A stencil is formed by blocking off parts of the
screen in the negative image of the design to be printed;
that is, the open spaces are where the ink will appear on
the substrate.

5. Lithography(hand)
What is lithography?
A lithography is a printing plate with a relief image
which is dampened with water and then ink is put all
over it. However the ink only sticks to some parts of
the plate that are no with the water.
History of Lithography:
Lithography printing is from a stone or a metal plate, which has a smooth surface. This type of
printing was invented in 1769 by a German author and actor Alois Senefelder. The reason why this
type of painting was created was because it was a cheap method of publishing theatrical works.
Offset-lithography:
There is also something called offset- lithography,
this is when the paper does not come into direct
contact with the printing plate, however the
image is transferred to a rubber roller.
What is Lithography used for?
Medium and long print runs such as:
 Magazines
 Posters
 Packing's
 books
This is a image of
how offset-
lithography is
produced.

6. Technology( letterpress )
What is letterpress printing:
What is letterpress printing used for?
History of letterpress printing:
Letterpress printing is a form of relief
printing. In this type of printing, the
parts to be painted are raised up from
the base plate.
 Type
 Illustrations
 Business cards
 stationery
Letterpress ordinated in the 1400’s it was
a smaller form of printing and
communication for more than 500 years.
In those days it was used to publish
books, however after some time it had
evolved into an art form more than
standers printing practise.
Letterpress printing was actually utilized
to engravings, to imprint words and
design s on pages.
This is a image of letterpress
printing, this is notice board
for guest’s at a salon, it tells
them what days they have to
come in by booking a
appointment.

7. Technology( Gravure)
What is Gravure?
The real name for gravure is rotogravure, this is a
type of intagloe painting process, this involves
engraving a image on top of image carrier.
What happens in gravure printing?
The image is engraved onto a cylinder, this is
because like offset- printing it uses a rotary printing
press.
History of gravure:
Gravure printing started while Italian Renaissance in 1300’s.It all started like this, soft copper was engraved and cut by
hand, then the surface engraved into a small sunken dots, which in Italian means engraving or you can call it cut in.
After this the engraved plate inked, then wiped off the surface expect the engraved grooves, this was placed on paper
on the plate and pressed on.
The process of how gravure is made

8. Technology( screen process)
What is screen process
The process of screen:
What is it used for?
Screen process is the fourth
type of printing, it includes silk
screen and has a special
application within the printing
industry. Screen is made from
fine mesh material fixed to a
modern frame.
A stencil is put under the screen and the
ink is forced through the stencil onto a
material.
What is screen process best used
for?
Blocks of colour
 Runs of posters
 Display boards
 Fabrics
 Wallpaper
 Control panels of electric
products
Process of screen:
Mesh is stapled to a wooden or metal frame
Masking tape stuck around underside of the screen
Stencil design cut
Stencil placed under frame but above paper
Line of ink placed at one end of screen
Use squeegee to draw ink across screen, pressing firmly
Carefully lift screen
Evaluate and repeat

9. Photocopying (printing)
What is photocopying?
Photocopying is when there is a
original document and it is copied
in various different ways, through
photocopying.
What can photocopying be used for?
 Cop artwork sheets
 Enlarge or reduce drawings
 Arrange loads of small drawing on one page
 Copy any reference material
 Make multiple versions of a drawing or
document.
How to photocopy?
1. Open the copier lid
2. Place the paper to be photo copied facing
down on the glass
3. Select the option you want i.e. number pages
or what enlargement.
4. Press the start button
Image of how
the
photocopier
works.

10. Laser printing
What is laser printing? What is laser printing used for?
History of laser printing
It is a electrostatic digital printing
process. It is printer they utilizes
laser technology to print images on
paper.
The laser printing system was
developed at Xerox PARC by a man
called Gary Starkweather, it was
released in 1971.
 School
 Office
 Home
The picture on the left hand side is
a Lexmark C782n laser printer. This
is one of the most poplar laser
printers.
Facts about laser printers:
 More efficient- more efficient then
ink – jet printers it is able to
produce several thousand prints
from one toner cartridge.
 High quality print- prints quickly
and quietly.

11. Inkjet (Printing)
What is inkjet?
Process of inkjet
The history of inkjet
It is a type of computer
printing that remakes a
digital image by sparying
ink onto a paper.
Advantages of Inkjet?
1. Inexpensive
2. Even cheap inkjet printers can render digital
images on special paper with great quality.
3. Satisfactory even if not expensive
4. Light weight and mosest desktop footprint
1. Paper moves past the print head
2. The nozzles spray ink onto it
forming characters or a image
Information about inkjet?
o Produce from 100 to several hundred pages
o There is usually one ink cartridge
o One colour cartridge containing ink in primary pigments
o Some use a single cartridge with cyan
o Few models require separate cartridges for each primary pigment along with the
black ink cartridge.
Ink- jet originated in the
20th century. Starting in
the 1970s inkjet printers
could reproduce digital
images generated by
computers started to
develop.