HAL LUCKNOW SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT PPT ON FUEL TANK OF AIRCRAFT

1. An
Industrial
interaction
PRESENTATION
ON
SUKHOI-30MKI
LUCKNOW
SUBMITTED TO ELECTRONICS
DEPARTMENT
SUBMITTED BY-
HARSHAL TIWARI
ROLL NO. 0816630019
B.TECH FINAL YEAR EL

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DIVISIONS OF HAL
PRODUCT OF HAL
CUSTOMAR FROFILE
COLLABORATION WITH COMPANIES
HAL ADL
SUKHOI-30MKI
GENERAL FEATURES OF SUKHOI-30MKI

3. CONTENTS CONTD.
FUEL FLOW AND METERING SYSTEM OF
SUKHOI-30MKI
FUEL QUANTITY GAUGING
AUTOMATIC FUEL CONTROL SYSTEM
BRIEF DISCUSSION OF COMPONENTS
i. signaling transmitters
ii. fuel flow and fuel quantity transmitter
iii. Digital light indicator
iv. Semiconductor relay control unit

4. INTRODUCTION TO HINDUSTAN
AERONAUTICS LIMITED
HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LIMITED CAME INTO
EXISTENCE ON 1ST OCTOBER 1964.
THE COMPANY WAS FORMED BY THE MERGER
OF “HINDUSTAN AIRCRAFT LIMITED” WITH
“AERONAUTICS INDIA LIMITED” AND “AIRCRAFT
MANUFACTURING DEPOT,KANPUR”.
THE LATE “SETH WALCHAND HIRACHAND”
,WHO SETUP HINDUSTAN AIRCRAFT LIMITED AT
BANGALORE IN ASSOCIATION WITH
“ERSTWHILE PRINCLY STATE” OF MYSORE IN
1940.

5. Type State-owned enterprise
Industry Aerospace and defence
1940 (in 1964, company
Founded
took on current name)
Bangalore, Karnataka,
Headquarters
India
Chairman Ashok Nayar
Aerospace equipment
Military aircraft
Products Communication &
Navigation equipment
Space systems
Revenue US$2.35 billion (FY 2010)
Employees 30,000

6. DIVISIONS OF HAL

7. PRODUCTS OF HAL
Fighter Aircraft Satellite Launch Vehicles
1.Su-30 MKI 1.PSLV
2. Mig Series 2.GSLV
3.Tejas 3.IRS
4.Jaguar 4.INSAT
5.MIRAGE -2000
Helicopters
Passenger Aircraft 1.Dhruv
1.Dornier 2.Cheetah
2.Indian Regional Jet 3.Chetak
4.Advanced Light Helicopters
Light Trainer Aircraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
1.Kiran Engines
2.Basant 1.Lakshya PTA
3.Sitara
Transport Aircraft Glider
1.Saras 1.HAL G-1
2.Ardhra

8. CUSTOMER PROFILE
• Air force
• Army
• Navy
• Coast Guard
• Flying Academics & Educational
Institutions
• Airlines / Air taxi / Air cargo
• Defence R&D Laboratories / Department
of Space

9. COLLABORATIONS WITH COMPANIES
Airbus
Boeing
Sukhoi Aviation Corporation
Israel Aircraft Industries
RSK MiG
BAE Systems
Rolls-Royce plc
Dassault Aviation
Dornier Flugzeugwerke
Indian Aeronautical Development Agency
Indian Space Research Organisation.

10. HAL ADL
 Accessories Division of HAL was
established in 1970 with the primary
objective of manufacturing system and
accessories for various aircraft and
engines and attain self sufficiency in this
area.
 Its facilities are spread over 1,16,191
square m. At present it is turning out
over 1132 different types of accessories.

11. ADL DIVISION
The ADL Division has divided in to three
factories
• Instrument Factory
• Mechanical Factory
• Fuel Factory

12. SUKHOI-30 MKI

13. SUKHOI Su-30 MKI
The Sukhoi Su-30MKI has been jointly-developed by Russia's
Sukhoi Corporation and India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
(HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF).
 It is a heavy class, long-range air superiority fighter aircraft.
 The Su-30 MKI is more advanced than the basic Su-30MK, the
Chinese Su-30 MKK, and the Malaysian Su-30 MKM.
 The aircraft features state of the art avionics developed by
Russia, India , Israel , France and South Africa which includes
display, navigation, targeting and electronic warfare systems.
MKI stands for "Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Indiski"
meaning "Modernized Commercial India".

14. GENERAL FEATURES OF Sukhoi 30 MKI
 Sukhoi 30 MKI is a 4.5 generation fighter aircraft . Fifth
generation planes are yet to come.
 Cost of single Su-30 MKI is $ 35 million or Rs 1.61 billion
 As per deal between Russia’s Sukhoi Corporation and
India’s HAL , in the first phase, components will be
imported from Russia and only assembling will be done
in India.
 In the second phase , there will be transfer of technology
from Russia to India , and then both manufacturing &
assembling will be done in India.
 Various independent sources have claimed Su-30 MKI
to be the most superior fighter plane in present World.

15. FUEL FLOW AND METERING SYSTEM
In Sukhoi 30 MKI
 Fuel capacity of Sukhoi 30 MKI: 12 ton or 12000Kg
 There are 5 fuel tanks of which one is service tank or main tank.
 Service tank is centrally located is the most important one.
 Fuel from all other tanks pass through service tank before
consumption.
 So in the end fuel remains only in the service tank.
 All the 5 tanks are so placed that the aircraft is
aerodynamically balanced.
TANK 3
TANK 1 TANK 2 TANK 4 TANK 5
SERVICE
TANK

16. STRUCTURE
Fuel quantity & flow metering system can be
subdivided into:
1. Fuel Flow Metering
> It computes the total quantity of fuel available in aircraft.
Uses impeller type of sensors.
2. Fuel Quantity Gauging
> It computes the quantity of fuel in the service tank.
Uses capacitance type electronic sensors.
3. Automatic Control
> It manages the sequence of fuel flow to/from various
tanks during refueling and consumption.

17. FUEL FLOW METERING
 Computes the quantity of fuel left in aircraft.
 Based on the principle of impeller movement.
 Impeller is a device which rotates due to the movement of
liquid(fuel) through pipe.
 One complete rotation of impeller is associated with a
unique amount of fuel flow. This gives us the volume of
fuel consumed.
 So weight of fuel consumed:
weight of fuel = volume * density
 Net fuel remaining = initial quantity of fuel – fuel consumed

18. FUEL QUANTITY GAUGING
 Computes the quantity of fuel left in service tank.
 It is an electronic system based on the principle of variation of
capacitance with change in dielectric medium.
 It consists of uniform cylindrical shaped capacitor with the
fuel acting as the dielectric.
 As the fuel gets consumed , the fuel is replaced by air as
dielectric and there is a change in capacitance.
 So , the remaining fuel in the service tank can be calculated
on the basis of variation in capacitance.
 Fuel quantity gauge is of utmost importance when
1. Only service tank is left with fuel.
2. Flow metering system fails.

19. Continued……..
 The system comprises of
1 . A capacitance based gauging probe.
2. Cable assembly.
3. Sensing amplifier box.
 The gauging probe assembly in the fuel tank is connected
to the sensing box by means of cable assembly.
 Depending on the fuel level in the tank , the capacitance
formed is sensed and amplified by the amplifier box and
the data is sent to the electronic display in the cockpit.
Cable Electronic
assembly Display in
Capacitance cockpit
Based Amplifier display
Gauging box
probe

20. AUTOMATIC FUEL CONTROL SYSTEM
 Automatic control manages sequence of fuel flow to/from
various tanks during refueling as well as consumption.
 The fuel from all the five tanks is taken in such a way that
the aerodynamic balance of the plane is not disturbed.
This is done with the help of automatic control system.
Fuel from a certain tank is not taken all at once. After taking
a certain quantity of fuel from one tank, the valve is closed
and then fuel is drawn from another tank.
So, the sequence of fuel flow from various tanks is decided by
automatic control system.

21. FUEL QUANTITY &FLOW
METERING SYSTEM
FLOW METERING FUEL QUANTITY AUTOMATIC FUEL
PORTION GAUGE PORTION CONTROL PORTION
1. Fuel Flow Transmitter 1. Fuel Quantity Transducers 1. Fuel Quantity Transducers
2. Refueling Fuel Flow 2. Two Channel Temperature 2. Electronic Transducer Unit
Transmitter Probes 3. Relay Semiconductor
3. Two Channel Temperature 3. Fuel Quantity Unit Control Unit
Probes 4. Digital Light Indicator
4. Fuel Flow Unit 5. Fuel Control Panel
5. Fuel Control Panel

22. BRIEF DISCUSSION OF COMPONENTS
Signaling Transmitters(DSMK)
 These are sensors for sensing the fuel levels in various
tanks.
Magnetic operated level switches of these probes generates
signal at one particular level of fuel.
 Signals generated by these sensors act as an input for
automatic control portion.
 6 types of such sensors are fitted in various tanks.

23. FUEL FLOW TRANSMITTERS
These are impeller type of sensors which produce electrical
signal proportional to the rate of flow of fuel through it.
 Fuel consumed by aircraft is computed based on the signals
provided by these sensors.
FUEL QUANTITY TRANSMITTERS
 These are sensors for computing fuel quantity in service tank.
 Capacitance of these probes change with variation in fuel level
in tank.
 Resultant capacitance acts as an input for computing fuel in
service tank.

24. Fuel Flow Unit
 Computes quantity of total fuel available in aircraft based on
signals from sensors which are impeller type fuel flow
transmitters and temperature probes.
 It delivers the information to following instruments:
1. Refueling Control Panel
2. Stand By Equipment (SBI)
3. Complex Information Signaling System
4. Flight Data Recorder (FDR)
5. Integrated System (SOS)
6. Transponder

25. Fuel Quantity Unit
 Computes quantity of fuel in service tank based on signals
from fuel quantity transmitters and temperature probes.
 It delivers the information to following instruments:
1. Refueling Control Panel
2. Stand By Equipment (SBI)
3. Complex Information Signaling System
4. Digital Light Indicator
 It gives warning signal to pilot for residual fuel of 1500 Kg in
main tank.

26. Digital Light Indicator
 It is an electronic display device in cockpit.
 It continuously displays fuel quantity of service tank.
Semiconductor Relay Control Unit
 It is a part of automatic control portion.
 It works as an amplifier and a switching device for the
signals required for opening and closing of valves of
various tanks in aircraft.

27. CERTIFICATIONS
 The ISO 9001 for entire range of products
and services.
 ISO 14001 for Environmental Management
System.
 Approval for Research and Design Center by
Department of Science and Technology,
Govt. of India.
 Approval of Director General Aeronautical
Quality Assurance for Military Aviation
Products and Services.

28. Thank You
Any Queries??