The document discusses multimedia databases and multimedia database management systems. It defines multimedia databases as collections of related multimedia data types including text, images, audio, and video. It also describes the additional metadata that must be managed along with the actual multimedia data. Multimedia database management systems provide support for different data formats and facilitate creation, storage, retrieval, querying, and control of multimedia data.

1. By
Vini Garg
Harshita Ved

2.  A Multimedia database (MMDB)
is a collection of
related multimedia data, which
include one or more primary
media data types such as text
, images, graphic
objects (including drawings, sk
etches and illustrations) animat
ion sequences, audio and video
.
A Multimedia Database Management System (MMDBMS) is
a framework that manages different types of data potentially
represented in a wide diversity of formats . It provides support for
multimedia data types, and facilitate for creation, storage,
access, query and control of a multimedia database.

3.  A Multimedia Database (MMDB) hosts one or
more multimedia data types . These data types are
broadly categorized into three classes::
 Static media
(time independent, constant, non interactive e.g. image and
graphic object ).
 Dynamic media
(time dependent, moving, interactive, e.g. Audio , video and
animation).
 Dimensional media
(3D game and computer aided drafting programs). E.g. virtual
reality, 9-D movies

4.  Multimedia Database (MMDB) needs to manage additional
information pertaining to the actual multimedia data. i.e.
 Media data: the actual data representing an object.
 Media format data: information about the format of the media
data after it goes through the processing, and encoding
phases. It is used to present the retrieved information.
 Media keyword data: the keyword descriptions, usually
relating to the generation of the media data. It is used
as indices for searching purpose.
 Media feature data: It contains content dependent data such
as contain information about the distribution of colors, the
kinds of textures and the different shapes present in an
image. It is also used as indices for searching purpose.
 (The last three types are called metadata as they describe
several different aspects of the media data. )

5.  Like the traditional databases, Multimedia databases should
address the following requirements:
 Integration
 Data items do not need to be duplicated for different programs invocations
 Ensures database consistency between transactions
 Data independence
 Separate the database and the management from the application programs
 Concurrency control
 Allows concurrent transactions
 Persistence
 Data objects can be saved and re-used by different transactions and
program invocations
 Privacy
 Access and authorization control
 Recovery
 Failures of transactions should not affect the persistent data storage
 Query support
 Allows easy querying of multimedia data.

6.  Multimedia data consists of a
variety of media formats or file
representations including TIFF,
BMP, PPT , IVUE, FPX, JPEG
, MPEG, AVI, MID, WAV, DOC, GIF, E
PS, PNG, etc. Because of restrictions
on the conversion from
one format to the other, the use of
the data in a specific format has
been limited.
Usually, the data size of multimedia is large such as video;
therefore, multimedia data often require a large storage.
Multimedia database consume a lot of processing time, as
well as bandwidth.

7.  Integrate different data models: Some data such as
numeric and textual data are best handled using a
relational database model, while some others such
as video documents are better handled using an
object-oriented database model. So these two
models should coexist together in MMDBs.
 Synchronization of different media types while
presenting to user: It is likely that different media
types corresponding to a single multimedia object
are stored in different formats, on different devices,
and have different rates of transfer. Thus they need
to be periodically synchronized for presentation.

8.  Integrated administration of huge amounts of
multimedia data
 Optimized storage
 Efficient access
 Manifold complex search possibilities
 Referential integrity of links
 Transaction protected multiuser mode
 Recovery

9.  Digital Libraries-
an organized collection of sources of information and similar
resources
 News-on-Demand
 Video-on-Demand
allow users to select and watch/listen to video or
audio content when they choose to, rather than having to
watch at a specific broadcast time.
 Music database-
Collection of music and/or their lyrics. E.g. in Saavn webstore
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-
system designed to capture, store, manipulate , analyze,
manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data
 Telemedicine-
use of telecommunication and information technologies in
order to provide clinical health care at a distance

11.  Categorised as ‘live’ or ‘orchestrated’
 Live applications involve interaction among
users. Eg. Video Conferencing
 Orchestrated applications reproduces the
data that was previously generated and
stored in some medium. Eg. Pay per view
movies.
 In order to satisfy the requirements of these
categories various Multimedia Architectures
are used.

12.  In order to satisfy the requirements of these
categories of applications, various Multimedia
Architectures are used.
 Multimedia systems can either be standalone ,
server or networked.
 Standalone Multimedia System: consist of
storage subsystem , which is a database and
storage devices where media content resides.
 Server Multimedia System: consist of both
storage subsystem and networked subsystem
in levels.
 Networked Multimedia System: consist of both
networked subsystem.

13. Layered architecture
Lower layer provide functionality to upper layers.

14.  Storage Subsystem and Network Subsystem
(Layer 1) :->
These services are central to multimedia
system and is normally part of OS services.
 End-To-End QoS (Layer 2) :-> This layer deals
with maintaining connection between source of
the multimedia content and the destination.
For Standalone system :
Source -> multimedia database
For Networked system :
Source -> multimedia server
QoS (Quality of Service) comprises of delay,
jitter, and packet loss probability.

15.  Media Management (Layer 3) :->
It provides general services like media
synchronization and media stream
management . Also it ensures temporal and
spatial relationships between media streams.
 Application Layer (Layer 4) :->
Interface with the user, to provide access
and control to the presentation.