1. What is communism?
What is socialism?
a theory or system of social organization based
on the holding of all property in common, actual
ownership being ascribed to the community as a
whole or to the state.
a theory or system of social organization that
advocates the vesting of the ownership and
control of the means of production and
distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the
community as a whole.
7. What is capitalism?
Adam Smith: a Scottish professor, wrote The Wealth of
Nations
challenged mercantilism (labor not money was the source of
wealth)
laissez faire: the government should not interfere in business
Need for Reform
utilitarianism
John Stuart Mill concluded that the government should stay
out of people’s lives as much as possible but also allow the
promotion of education.
▪ called for equality between men and women
▪ warned against potential tyranny of the majority and that government
power should be limited.
8. What is socialism?
Socialists believed that the means of
production should be operated to benefit all
of the people rather than just some of them
they hoped to end the misery of the poor by
changing the structure of society
Utopian Socialists
utopia: the ideal society
9. Karl Marx
German, studied at the Universities of Bonn and
Berlin
forced to Paris where he met Friedrich Engel
Friedrich Engels
Son of a German manufactuer
Wrote a book that caught the eye of Karl Marx
10. Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels believed that it wasn’t
possible to have a utopian society. They felt that it was
important to dissolve the existing social system. Their
basis was on the struggle of the classes.
Marx’s ideas
Conflict between the classes was inevitable
division of classes
Capitalism was not a permanent state
Marx’s Writings
Communist Manifesto (1848)
Das Capital (1885)
Greatly effected the workers
▪ Trade unions
▪ Strikes
12. Romanticism: the idea that humankind was
good, emphasized the senses and emotions
followed the basic idea of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Other famous romanticists
▪ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
▪ Alexander Dumas (Three Musketeers and Count of
Monte Cristo)
▪ Victor Hugo (The Hunchback of Notre Dame)
▪ Sir Walter Scott (Ivanhoe)
▪ John Keats
13. Realism: portrayed life in a realistic style,
advocated human freedom and wanted a
better world, wanted change-not escape
Charles Dickens
Naturalism: took a scientific approach to
their art, describing everything with objective
precision
Leo Tolstoy ( War and Peace, Anna Karenina)
Stephen Crane (Red Badge of Courage)
14. Impressionism (in
painting): art that
didn’t delve into social
problems, was
pleasant to look at and
a little sentimental,
they used color to
create effects
Claude Monet
15. Post-
Impressionism:
they believed
that art should
reproduce
reality as close
as possible
Georges Seurat
(Sunday
afternoon on
the island of La
Grande Jatte)
Vincent van
Gogh