1. Immigration
Ch 15.1 & 2

2. New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants
 immigrants had come from northern Europe
since before the American Revolution
– United Kingdom (England, Scotland, & Irish)
– Germany
– Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway, & Finland)
 fewer immigrants came from these countries
– they already had industrialized countries

3. New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants
southern & eastern Europe
eastern Mediterranean
much of these areas controlled by
– Russian Empire
– Austro-Hungarian Empire
– Ottoman (Turkish) Empire

5. New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants
 reasons for leaving:
– overpopulation
– lack of jobs
– mistreatment by government
 America offered:
– jobs
– opportunity
– freedom

8. Crossing the OceanCrossing the Ocean
 steamships were safer & faster
 steamships didn’t have to worry about winds
 steamships could operate on any schedule
 cheap passage available
– single men could come to America for a few
months or years & go home

10. Ellis Island: Gate to AmericaEllis Island: Gate to America
 1886: Statue of
Liberty in New York
Harbor
 1892: Ellis Island
opened as
immigration center
 What happened at
Ellis Island?

12. Medical CheckupsMedical Checkups
checked for diseases & other health
impairments
depending on the disease, an
immigrant could be
– turned away
– kept on the island until improvement

15. ProcessingProcessing
inspectors might ask immigrants:
– Name?
– Occupation?
– Who paid your fare?
– Can you read & write?
– How much money do you have?
– Have you ever been in prison or the
poorhouse?
– Where are you going?

18. Name ChangesName Changes
 during this processing,
names often changed
 names that were
difficult to pronounce or
spell were changed
 American-sounding
names

19. Immigrants SettledImmigrants Settled
settled where there was work
– mines
– mills
– factories
beginning of 1900s half of all
immigrants settled in four states
– New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts,
& Illinois

20. Immigrants SettledImmigrants Settled
most immigrants ended up where
relatives were located
– many immigrants had relatives in America
pay their way
most immigrants ended up doing similar
jobs to what their relatives did

21. Living conditions in USLiving conditions in US
For the poor—
– TENEMENT buildings
– Overcrowded, dark, unventilated apartments
– 10-12 family members living in a 1-2 BR apt
– Disease spread quickly, no windows
– High rent for small space

26. Working conditions
-Many women and children worked to support the family
-“Newsies” was about the plight of child newspaper boys
-Poorly lit, not properly ventilated factories
-long hours

31. Meanwhile…the rich lived well!
-Houses that looked like castles
-Factory owners
-Fashionable

32. Vanderbilt estate

36. Carnegie Mansion

37. Rockefeller mansion