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‫خداوند‬‫نام‬ ‫به‬
‫آفرین‬‫جان‬
همایش اخلاق محیط زیست و حقوق حیوانات
‫حقوق‬ ‫و‬ ‫زیست‬ ‫محیط‬ ‫اخالق‬
‫حیوانات‬
 1.‫قانون‬
 2.‫حقوق‬
 3.‫حقوق‬ ‫ی‬‫فلسفه‬
‫قانون‬
‫سوی‬ ‫از‬ ‫که‬ ‫ها‬‫العمل‬ ‫دستور‬ ‫از‬ ‫ای‬ ‫مجموعه‬
‫اجرا‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫تصویب‬ ‫مؤسسات‬ ‫از‬ ‫ای‬ ‫مجموعه‬
‫در‬ ‫میانجی‬ ‫عنوان‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫شده‬ ‫گذاشته‬
‫کنند‬ ‫می‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫مردم‬ ‫اجتماعی‬ ‫های‬ ‫پیوند‬.
‫ی‬ ‫کننده‬ ‫تنظیم‬ ‫قانون‬ ،‫بهتر‬ ‫عبارتی‬ ‫به‬
‫است‬ ‫انسان‬ ‫رفتار‬.
‫حقوق‬
1.‫حقوق‬
‫طبیعی‬
2.‫حقوق‬
‫مدنی‬
3.‫حقوق‬
‫رفاهی‬
1.‫طبیعی‬ ‫حقوق‬:
‫به‬‫حقوقی‬‫گفته‬‫شود‬‫می‬‫که‬،‫موجودات‬‫بر‬
‫پایه‬‫طبیعت‬‫خود‬‫دارا‬‫هستند‬‫بدون‬‫آنکه‬
‫مشروط‬‫به‬‫توافق‬،‫دیگران‬‫وجود‬‫نهادهای‬
‫سیاسی‬‫و‬‫قضایی‬‫یا‬‫قوانین‬‫و‬‫ها‬‫ت‬ ّ‫سن‬‫باشد‬.
‫بنابراین‬‫حقوق‬‫طبیعی‬‫به‬‫هر‬،‫انسان‬
،‫حیوان‬‫گیاه‬‫و‬‫سایر‬‫موجودات‬‫زنده‬‫در‬‫هر‬
‫زمان‬‫و‬‫هر‬‫مکانی‬‫ق‬ ّ‫تعل‬‫می‬‫گیرد‬.
2.‫مدنی‬ ‫حقوق‬:
‫مهم‬‫ترین‬‫ی‬‫شاخه‬‫حقوق‬‫خصوصی‬‫است‬‫که‬‫به‬
‫بررسی‬‫و‬‫تنظیم‬‫روابط‬‫افراد‬‫جامعه‬‫با‬
‫یکدیگر‬‫صرفنظر‬‫از‬‫عنوان‬‫و‬‫موقعیت‬‫اجتماعی‬
‫آنها‬‫می‬‫پردازد‬.‫مانند‬‫حقوق‬‫کار‬،‫قانون‬
،‫تجارت‬‫آیین‬‫دادرسی‬،‫مدنی‬‫حقوق‬‫مالکیت‬‫و‬
‫غیره‬.
‫قانون‬،‫مهم‬‫ترین‬‫منبع‬‫حقوق‬‫مدنی‬‫است‬
(‫قانون‬‫مدنی‬).
3.‫رفاهی‬ ‫حقوق‬:
‫انسان‬‫لذت‬ ‫هستی‬ ‫مواهب‬ ‫تمامی‬ ‫از‬ ‫است‬ ‫آزاد‬
‫که‬ ‫کند‬ ‫زندگی‬ ‫کامل‬ ‫رفاه‬ ‫و‬ ‫آسایش‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫برده‬
‫دیگر‬ ‫و‬ ‫او‬ ‫طبیعی‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫ناقض‬ ‫نباید‬ ‫این‬
‫گردد‬ ‫موجودات‬.
‫حقوق‬ ‫ی‬‫فلسفه‬
‫دانشی‬‫است‬‫ای‬‫رشته‬‫میان‬‫و‬‫برخاسته‬‫از‬‫علوم‬
‫فلسفه‬‫و‬‫حقوق‬‫است‬‫که‬‫در‬‫مورد‬‫مبانی‬‫و‬
‫اهداف‬‫قواعد‬‫حقوقی‬‫و‬‫تمایزات‬‫آنها‬‫از‬
‫یکدیگر‬‫و‬‫تشخیص‬‫قواعد‬،‫صحیح‬‫بحث‬‫می‬‫کند‬.
‫در‬‫این‬‫رشته‬‫نظریه‬‫های‬‫کلی‬‫ی‬‫درباره‬‫حقوق‬
‫مطرح‬‫شده‬‫و‬‫به‬‫تمایزات‬‫قواعد‬،‫حقوقی‬
،‫اخالقی‬‫طبیعی‬‫و‬‫مذهبی‬‫و‬‫تفاوت‬‫قانون‬‫خوب‬
‫و‬‫بد‬‫پرداخته‬‫می‬‫شود‬.
«‫دانش‬‫ی‬‫فلسفه‬‫حقوق‬‫بسیار‬‫باالتر‬‫از‬‫علم‬
‫حقوق‬‫است‬.‫دادستانی‬‫که‬‫ی‬‫فلسفه‬‫حقوق‬
،‫بداند‬‫هنگام‬‫مواجهه‬‫با‬‫خالء‬‫قانونی‬‫می‬
‫ی‬‫فلسفه‬ ‫و‬ ‫اخالق‬
‫حقوق‬
‫همواره‬‫تکیه‬‫بر‬‫اصول‬‫اخالقی‬‫که‬‫برخاسته‬
‫از‬‫احترام‬‫به‬‫حقوق‬‫طبیعی‬‫موجودات‬‫است‬
‫خاستگاه‬‫تی‬ ّ‫بااهمی‬‫برای‬‫ی‬‫فلسفه‬‫حقوق‬‫می‬
‫باشد‬.
‫ی‬‫فلسفه‬‫حقوق‬‫اگر‬‫مبتنی‬‫بر‬‫اخالق‬‫باشد‬
‫بزرگترین‬‫عامل‬‫استقرار‬‫صلح‬‫در‬‫جهان‬
‫خواهد‬‫بود‬.
‫صلح‬ ‫نمادهای‬
‫زیستمندان‬ ‫حقوق‬(‫حقوق‬
‫طبیعی‬:)
1.‫سیاره‬ ‫حقوق‬
2.‫گیاهان‬ ‫حقوق‬
3.‫حیوانات‬ ‫حقوق‬
4.‫بشر‬ ‫حقوق‬
‫سیاره‬ ‫حقوق‬
1.‫فرهنگی‬ ‫خاستگاه‬
‫تی‬ ّ‫سن‬ ‫و‬
2.‫خاستگاه‬
‫آکادمیک‬
1.‫خاستگاه‬‫فرهنگی‬‫و‬‫تی‬ ّ‫سن‬:
‫انسان‬‫هزاران‬‫سال‬‫از‬‫طبیعت‬‫بهره‬‫برداری‬
‫کرده‬‫و‬‫در‬‫عین‬‫حال‬‫در‬‫حفاظت‬‫و‬‫پاسداری‬‫از‬
‫آن‬‫به‬‫عنوان‬‫تنها‬‫زیستگاه‬‫خود‬‫کوشیده‬‫است‬.
‫آغاز‬‫رنسانس‬‫در‬‫اروپا‬‫و‬‫الت‬ ّ‫تحو‬150‫سال‬
‫اخیر‬‫در‬‫ایران‬‫نقطه‬‫ی‬‫شروع‬‫فراموشی‬‫آن‬
‫فرهنگ‬‫و‬‫جایگزینی‬‫های‬‫ناهنجاری‬‫ناشی‬‫از‬
‫تبلیغات‬‫نظام‬‫داری‬‫سرمایه‬‫می‬‫باشد‬.‫امروزه‬
‫جوامع‬‫محلی‬‫به‬‫عنوان‬‫بهترین‬‫اجتماعات‬‫بشری‬
‫برای‬‫پویش‬‫و‬‫تحقیق‬‫درباره‬‫ی‬‫خاستگاه‬
‫فرهنگی‬‫حقوق‬‫سیاره‬‫هستند‬.
2.‫آکادمیک‬ ‫خاستگاه‬:
‫دانش‬‫حقوق‬‫محیط‬‫زیست‬‫رشته‬‫ای‬‫جدید‬‫در‬‫ی‬‫حوزه‬
‫حقوق‬‫داخلی‬‫و‬‫بین‬‫الملل‬‫است‬‫که‬‫با‬‫وجود‬‫مدت‬
‫کم‬‫ظهور‬،‫خود‬‫بیشترین‬‫اسناد‬‫بین‬‫المللی‬‫را‬
‫به‬‫خود‬‫اختصاص‬‫داده‬‫است‬.‫این‬،‫رشته‬‫شاخه‬‫ای‬
‫از‬‫حقوق‬‫است‬‫که‬‫مباحث‬‫محیط‬‫زیستی‬‫را‬‫دنبال‬‫و‬
‫کاستی‬‫های‬‫موجود‬‫در‬‫امر‬‫حفاظت‬‫و‬‫بهره‬‫برداری‬
‫های‬‫معقول‬‫با‬‫حفظ‬‫اصل‬‫ی‬‫توسعه‬‫پایدار‬‫در‬
‫های‬‫حوزه‬‫محیط‬‫زیست‬‫انسانی‬‫و‬‫طبیعی‬‫را‬‫نظم‬
‫بخشد‬‫می‬.
‫حقوق‬
‫گیاهان‬
1.‫زیستگاه‬
2.‫ژنتیک‬ ‫ی‬‫ذخیره‬ ‫حفظ‬
3.‫به‬ ‫مسموم‬ ‫خوراک‬ ‫رساندن‬ ‫از‬ ‫پرهیز‬
‫گیاه‬
4.‫سوزاندن‬ ‫و‬ ‫پز‬ ‫و‬ ‫پخت‬ ‫از‬ ‫پرهیز‬
‫گیاه‬ ‫اجزای‬
5.‫فیزیکی‬ ‫حفاظت‬
‫حیوانات‬ ‫حقوق‬
1.‫طبیعی‬ ‫حقوق‬
2.‫حقوق‬‫رفاهی‬
‫خاستگاه‬:
1.‫و‬ ‫نیاکان‬ ‫سنن‬ ‫و‬ ‫آداب‬ ‫و‬ ‫فرهنگ‬
‫میهنی‬ ‫ادیان‬
2.‫ادیان‬ ‫و‬ ‫اسالم‬ ‫در‬ ‫حیوانات‬ ‫حقوق‬
‫ابراهیمی‬
3.‫حیوانات‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫آکادمیک‬ ‫علم‬
4.‫حیوانات‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫جهانی‬ ‫اعالمیه‬
‫درباره‬ ‫فلسفی‬ ‫مکاتب‬
‫حیوانات‬ ‫حقوق‬
‫عدم‬
‫التزا‬
‫م‬
‫التزام‬
‫نامستقی‬
‫م‬
‫التزام‬
‫مستقیم‬
همایش اخلاق محیط زیست و حقوق حیوانات
‫های‬‫شباهت‬‫انسان‬ ‫آناتومیک‬
‫حیوانات‬ ‫و‬
‫برتری‬ ‫دلیل‬ ،‫تکلم‬ ‫آیا‬
‫است؟‬ ‫انسان‬
‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫و‬ ‫بودن‬ ‫صنعتگر‬
‫بشر؟‬ ‫برتری‬ ‫شرط‬ ،‫ابزار‬!
‫حسی‬ ‫اعصاب‬
‫حیوانات‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫جهانی‬ ‫اعالمیه‬ ‫برابر‬:
‫عصبی‬ ‫سیستم‬ ‫دارای‬ ‫موجودات‬ ‫تمامی‬(System Nerveux)
‫برخوردارند‬ ‫خاصی‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫از‬.
‫از‬ ‫یکی‬ ‫حیوانات؛‬ ‫روی‬ ‫آزمایش‬
‫آنهاست‬ ‫ی‬ ‫شکنجه‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫زجرآورترین‬
‫حیوانات‬ ‫سیرک‬
‫برابر‬‫نظرات‬‫فقهی‬‫اجماع‬‫آیات‬‫عظام‬‫و‬‫بند‬4‫از‬‫ماده‬5
‫ی‬‫اعالمیه‬‫جهانی‬‫حقوق‬‫حیوانات‬‫بر‬‫پایی‬‫سیرک‬‫حیوانات‬‫مصداق‬
‫بارز‬‫حیوان‬‫آزاری‬‫بوده‬‫و‬‫از‬‫لحاظ‬‫شرعی‬‫و‬،‫حقوقی‬‫ممنوع‬
‫باشد‬‫می‬.
‫و‬ ‫شکار‬ ،‫زجر‬ ،‫اسارت‬
‫کشتار‬
‫طبیعت‬
،‫است‬ ‫مند‬‫قانون‬
‫نیست‬ ‫رحم‬ ‫بی‬!
‫برای‬ ‫حیوان‬ ‫کشتار‬
‫گرسنگان؟‬ ‫اطعام‬!
«‫که‬ ‫بپردازند‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫این‬ ‫به‬ ‫کردند‬ ‫فراموش‬ ‫ها‬‫رسانه‬
‫امروز‬20،‫شدند‬ ‫تلف‬ ‫گرسنگی‬ ‫از‬ ‫دنیا‬ ‫در‬ ‫کودک‬ ‫هزار‬
‫اسیر‬ ‫حیوانات‬ ‫به‬ ‫را‬ ‫آنها‬ ‫غذای‬ ‫ما‬ ‫اینکه‬ ‫دلیل‬ ‫به‬
‫دادیم‬ ‫ها‬‫دامپروری‬ ‫در‬»
‫زیست‬ ‫محیط‬ ‫اخالق‬ ‫و‬ ‫حیوانات‬ ‫حقوق‬
‫غذا‬ ‫بشقاب‬ ‫در‬
‫مراد‬ ‫همیشه‬ ‫نکرده‬ ‫طلب‬ ‫آب‬
‫نیست‬
‫قربانیت‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫ای‬‫بهانه‬ ‫گاهی‬
‫کنند‬
،‫نیستند‬ ‫گونه‬ ‫حیوانات‬
‫دیگرند‬ ‫هایی‬‫ملت‬
‫که‬ ‫هوا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ای‬ ‫پرنده‬ ‫هر‬ ‫و‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫در‬ ‫ای‬ ‫جنبنده‬ ‫هر‬ ‫و‬
‫شما‬ ‫مانند‬ ‫هایی‬‫امت‬ ‫همگی‬ ،‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫پرواز‬ ‫بال‬ ‫دو‬ ‫به‬
(‫بشر‬ ‫نوع‬)‫هستند‬.
‫آیه‬ ،‫انعام‬ ‫سوره‬38
‫سؤال‬:‫اشرف‬ ‫انسان‬ ‫آیا‬
‫است؟‬ ‫مخلوقات‬
1.‫بلی‬
2.‫خیر‬
‫چرا؟‬
‫پاسخ‬:
‫آدمیزاد‬‫طرفه‬‫معجونی‬‫است‬
‫کز‬‫فرشته‬‫سرشته‬‫وز‬‫حیوان‬
‫گر‬‫کند‬‫میل‬‫این‬‫شود‬‫پس‬‫از‬‫این‬
‫ور‬‫کند‬‫میل‬‫آن‬‫شود‬‫به‬‫از‬‫آن‬
‫معنا‬ ‫کامل‬ ‫انسان‬ ،‫بود‬ ‫کامل‬ ‫اگر‬ ‫انسان‬
‫نداشت‬.
www.HormateHayat.com
www.GPCongress.ir

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