Planning for Relief Distribution Networks
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This document discusses planning for relief distribution after sudden-onset disasters. It addresses critical factors for relief distribution networks such as operational context, humanitarian cargo, delivery type, and delivery frequency. When designing relief distribution networks, there are interrelated logistical problems to consider regarding what to deliver, where, when, to whom, and how. Outsourcing transportation and logistics can improve efficiency but also comes with challenges that require careful consideration.
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Planning for Relief Distribution Networks
- 1. Planning for Relief Distribution after Sudden- onset Disasters Hossein Baharmand November 11th, 2019 University of Agder Kristiansand, Norway
- 2. LecturePlan page 3 Practical info • Slides can be found here: • Contact: hossein.baharmand@uia.no Relief distribution networks and critical factors 1 Planning for relief distribution2 Transportation and outsourcing3 1 2 3
- 3. page 4 Relief distribution networks and critical factors Planning for relief distribution Transportation and outsourcing 1 2 3 1 2 3
- 5. ReliefDistributionNetworks:CriticalParameters page 6 Operational Context External Environmental Factors Internal Operational Requirements Supply, Transport & Storage Markets 1 2 3
- 6. ReliefDistributionNetworks:CriticalParameters page 7 Operational Context Humanitarian Cargo External Environmental Factors Internal Operational Requirements Supply, Transport & Storage Markets 1 2 3
- 7. ReliefDistributionNetworks:CriticalParameters page 8 Operational Context Humanitarian Cargo External Environmental Factors Internal Operational Requirements Supply, Transport & Storage Markets Delivery Type Direct Delivery Service Delivery 1 2 3
- 8. ReliefDistributionNetworks:CriticalParameters page 9 Operational Context Humanitarian Cargo External Environmental Factors Internal Operational Requirements Supply, Transport & Storage Markets Delivery Type Direct Delivery Service Delivery Delivery Frequency Pipeline One off 1 2 3
- 9. page 10 Relief distribution networks and critical factors Designing relief distribution networks Transportation and outsourcing 1 2 3 1 2 3
- 10. Sudden-onsetDisastersResponse:(expected)timeline page 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Contracting of air assets Set up of temporary warehouses and consolidation of supplies Airlifts when road infrastructure not functional Surface transport throughout First shipment arrival 1 2 3
- 11. DesigningReliefDistributionNetworks:keyquestions page 12 What Where When Whom How 1 2 3
- 12. DesigningReliefDistributionNetworks:“how”considerations page 13 What Where When Whom 1 2 3 Exit Strategy Staff Availability Financial Resources Supplies External Infrastructure Transport Information Security Arrangements IM Tools Distribution & Tracking
- 13. DesigningReliefDistributionNetworks:networkmodels page 14 1 2 3 Direct Delivery Distribution Centre (Hub & Spoke) Warehouse Warehouse EDP EDP EDP EDP EDP EDP EDP HUB EDP EDP EDP *EDP: End Delivery Point Supplier 1 EDP EDP Supplier 2 Supplier 3 EDP Supplier Milk Run EDP EDP
- 14. Exampleproblem:Locatingtemporaryhubs(stagingareas) Transp. Means Objectives Relief items Specifications Problem translation page 15 1 2 3
- 15. Locatingtemporaryhubs:proposedmodel Transp. MeansObjectives ChallengesRelief items Food WASH Shelter Specifications Demand coverage Response time Logistics costs Uncertainties Multi- objective multi-layer multi-commodity multi-transport optimization model Constrained capacities Topography of region page 16 1 2 3
- 17. Sudden-onsetDisastersResponse:TransportationChallenges page 18 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Set up of temporary warehouses and consolidation of supplies Airlifts when road infrastructure not functional Surface transport throughout First shipment arrival 1 2 3 Damaged Infrastructure Market fluctuations Product Requirements Context requirements
- 18. page 19 Relief distribution networks and critical factors Planning for relief distribution Transportation and outsourcing 1 2 3 1 2 3
- 20. page 21 1 2 3
- 22. PartnershipwithotherActors page 23 INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT PRIVATE DONORS NGOs, faith based and civil society organizations MILITARY COMMUNITY GOVERNMENTS AFFECTED POPULATION Philanthropic Organizations Corporate Donors Individuals International National Local Diaspora Local and host communities WFP UNHCR UNICEF WHO FAO OCHA Peacekeeping National International International National Local ICRC IFRC National Societies Local Branches 1 2 3
- 23. PartnershipwithCommercialLogisticsServiceProviders(LSPs): page 24 Your agency’s Warehouse Your agency’s transport DistributionRelief Goods Privately run Warehouse Privately run transport DistributionRelief Goods 1 2 3
- 24. Partnerships:Opportunitiesvs.Challenges page 25 Opportunities Challenges Logistics Capacity and Infrastructure Security and safety Access to beneficiaries Protecting Humanitarian Principles Coordination Competition for resources 1 2 3
- 25. Example:Whatdoyoudo? page 26 The Syrian Army are transporting your agency’s relief goods to the town of Aleppo, but you have just been informed you need to divert some items instead to the town of Damascus. 1 2 3 You ask the head of the army if he can accommodate your request, but he says Damascus falls under the command of a different unit, he has no authority to travel there.
- 26. Summary • Operational context, humanitarian cargo, delivery type and delivery frequency are critical parameters for relief distribution networks. • Designing relief distribution networks implies interrelated and connected logistics problems. • Outsourcing may result in efficiency, and access to specialists and professionals in that area, however, the consequences should be considered carefully. page 27 1 2 3 Photo from IFRC website