1. Variability of Stripe Rust on Occurrence in
Tigray, Ethiopia
Teklay Abebe, Worku D, Getaneh W
Plant Pathology Researcher
April 28 to May 02/2014, Izmir, Turkey
2nd
INTERNATIONAL WHEAT STRIPE RUST
SYMPOSIUM

2.  Introduction
 Potential threats and epidemics
 The spatial and temporal variability
 The performance of wheat genotypes
 Conclusions
 Acknowledgments
2
Presentation outline

3. Wheat belt areas
3
Introduction

4. Area and production trend of wheat
0
1
2
1997 2005
2013
0.77
1.44 1.7
Area (ha)
4
t/ha
Staple & strategic for achieving food security
Largest producer in SSA
About 4MMT is produced by 5m HHs SSF
Tigray : >0.21 m tones by over 0.5m HHS
Productivity on Model farmers (5-6t/ha)

5. Potential constraints to wheat production
5
Wheat rusts Pathogen Yield loss (%)
Stripe rust Puccinia striiformis 58-100
Stem rust P. graminis 67-100
Leaf rust P. recondita Up to 75
Septoria Leaf
blotch
Mycosphaerella
graminicola/Zymoseptoria tritici
92

6. Recurrent rust epidemics
Year Rusts Varieties Gene
1988 Stripe rust Dashen Yr9
1993/4 Stem rust Enkoy Sr 36
2010 Stripe rust Kubsa, Galama Yr27
2013 Stem rust Digalu SrTmp
6

7. Stripe rust epidemics in 2010
7
 Ethiopia experienced the largest
stripe rust epidemics
 About 600,000 ha affected
 Over $3 million worth of
fungicides were distributed
 Kubsa & Galema’s resistance
broke ( Yr27 virulent race)
 Tigray :Almost free of the
epidemics

8. Distribution of stripe rust
8
Epidemic

9. Disease severity of stripe rust
9
 Altitude (m): 1551-
3000
 Temp. : 5-28o
C
 RF: 450-1200mm

10. Varieties
Pre
(%)
Incidence (%) Severity (%)
Range Mean Range Mean
Kubsa 100 5-100 70 20-100 71.1 MSS
Local 46.7 0-100 38 40-100 61.4MSS
Dashen 100 20-100 20 25-25 25S
Shinna 80 0-20 11.7 20-30 26.3MRS
Digelu 41.7 0-15 5.3 15-30 22.5MRMS???
Kekeba 30 0-50 6.6 5-25 20MRS
Danda'a 16.7 10 10 15 15MRMS
Hawi 37.5 0-50 15.6 0-70 20S
Shorima 0 0 0 0 0
Mekelle1,2,3 & 4 0 0 0 0 0(Stem Rust??)
10

11. No. Variety Response No. Variety Response
1 Laketch 0(20S) 48 Kulkulu 10MR
2 Romany BC 0 49 Bolo 0(50MS)
33 Kenya NyagumeKenya Nyagume 15MR15MR 50 Danda’a 20MS
44 Kenya LeopardKenya Leopard 30MS30MS 51 Kakaba 15MR
55 Africa MayoAfrica Mayo 40MS40MS 5252 HogganaHoggana 30MS30MS
6 Trophy 0 53 Shorima 20MR
7 Bounty 0(10S) 54 Huluka 10MR
8 Bonny 0(10S) 55 Quaiu#2 50MS
9 Frontach 0 56 Galil 0
10 Kenya Kudu 0(5MS) 5757 JeferssonJefersson 30MS30MS
11 Kenya Plume 0(10MS) 58 Arendeto 0
12 Dereselgne 0 59 Hitossa 10MR
13 Enkoy 0 60 Werer 0
11

12. Cont’d
No. Variety Response No. Variety Response
14 K6290 Bulk 0 6161 DenbiDenbi 30S30S
15 K6295-4A 10MR 62 Selam 0
16 ET13A2 0 63 Megenagna 0
17 Pavon 76 0(90S) 64 Mettaya 0
1818 DashenDashen 100S100S 65 Ejerssa 10MR
19 Mitikie 0 66 Felakit 0
2020 GalemaGalema 100S100S 67 Malefia 40MR
AA MoroccoMorocco 100S100S 68 Mossobo 0
BB PBW343PBW343 20MS20MS 6969 ToltuToltu 10MS10MS
CC KubsaKubsa 100S100S 70 Obssa 0
21 Wabe 0 71 Lellisso 0
2222 AbolaAbola 70S70S 72 Tate 10R
2323 MegalMegal 40MS40MS 73 Bakalcha 0
24 Tusie 0(30MR) 74 Uda 0(10MS)
12

13. Cont’dCont’d
No.No. VarietyVariety Response No.No. VarietyVariety Response
2626 ShinnaShinna 20MS20MS 76 Illani 0
27 Tura 0 7777 Local RedLocal Red 50S50S
28 Hawi 10MS 78 HAR 727 0
29 Maddawalabu 0 79 HAR 723 0(100S)
30 Simba 0 80 HAR 934 0(70S)
31 Sofumer 0(40S) 81 HAR 1018 0
32 Watera 15MR 82 HAR 820 15MS
33 Dodota 0 83 HAR 1407 0
34 Dure 0 84 HAR 1331 0
35 KBG-01 0(80S) 85 HAR 719 0(100S)
36 Sirbo 0 86 Lassik (-Yr5) 0
13

14. Cont’dCont’d
14No. Variety Response No. Variety Response
37 Bobicho 15MR 87 Patwin 0
38 Tossa 0 88 UC1600-Kern 0
39 Digalu 5MR 89 Clear white 0
40 Meraro 0(10MS) 90 Lassik (+Yr5) 0
41 Senkegna 0(10S) 91 UC110 0
42 Tay 0 92 Kern 0
43 Sulla 0 93 UC1107 0
44 Alidoro 0 94 Roelfs F2007 0
45 Millennium 0(30MS) 95 ETBW5795 0
46 Dinknesh 0 96 ETBW5520 0
47 Menze 0(50MS) 97 Local 0

15. Reaction of YR differential hostsReaction of YR differential hosts
DIFFERENTIALS YR GENE Response
YR5/6*AOC CX86.6.1.20 Yr5 0
YR10/6* Avocet S Yr10 0
YR15/6* Avocet S Yr15 0(85S)
YR26/3*AOC CX96.17.1. Yr26 0(80S)
YRSP/6*AOC CX94.14.1.15 YrSP 0(70S)
YR1/6*Avocet S Yr1 40MS
YR6/6*AOC CX94.2.2.25 Yr6 80S
YR7/6* Avocet S Yr7 100S
YR8/6* Avocet S Yr8 10MR
YR9/6* Avocet S Yr9 100S
YR17/3*AOC CX94.8.1.25 Yr17 70S
YR18/3*AOC CX94.10.1.7 Yr18 60MS
YR27/3*AOC CX94.19.1.1 Yr27 50MS
AVOCET R YrA 10MR
AVOCET S 100S
Morocco 100S
15

16. Concluding remarks
 Recurrent wheat rusts (stripe rust) epidemics is a key constraint to
Ethiopian farmers and beyond
 The breakdown of resistance is a common after two or three years
of cultivation
 Adaptation to warmer climate (Climate change) widening
epidemics
 The development & deployment of resistance + IDM is of concern
 Establishments and strengthening of molecular labs & C. Building
 National, regional and international collaboration & networking
16

17. Acknowledgements
ICARDA
TARI
EAAPP/KULUMSA ARC
DRRW/AMBO PPRC
EIAR
17