Why breeding rust resistant varieties is not sufficient to control Yellow Rust
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![Why breeding rust resistant varieties is ,[object Object],not sufficient to control Yellow Rust,[object Object],Hans-Joachim Braun,[object Object],CIMMYT,[object Object],International Wheat Stripe Rust Symposium Aleppo, Syria ,[object Object],April 18 – 20, 2011,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-1-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
![Importance of wheat,[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-2-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
![Most traded food crop,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-6-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
![Percentage of daily calories from Wheat,[object Object],> 40% ,[object Object],> 30-39%,[object Object],> 20-29%,[object Object],> 10-19%,[object Object],< 10% ,[object Object],Source: FAO 2009,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-7-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
![Consumer price index basket weights (2009 or latest available),[object Object],PM JawaharLal Nehru famously said in the early 1960s:“Everything else can wait but not agriculture”,[object Object],Source: Economist, Jan 22, 2011: OECD; IMF; Chinese Nat Bureau of Statistics; Indian Labour Bureau,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-8-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
![Red alert zone for global food security,[object Object],Real wheat prices (USD) 1960 - 2011,[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-9-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
![Genetics + Agronomy + Markets + Risk management + Policies + Infrastructure,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-15-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
![[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-16-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
![No (?) country has removed 1B.1R varieties from seed production before an epidemic occurred – but then fast reaction e.g. Iran, established first class YR facilities, Pakistan,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-2011braunaleppoapril20yrfinal-110418065829-phpapp02/75/why-breeding-rust-resistant-varieties-is-not-sufficient-to-control-yellow-rust-19-2048.jpg?cb=1672380226)
Why breeding rust resistant varieties is not sufficient to control Yellow Rust
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Hans-Joachim Braun Global Wheat Program CIMMYT Mexico
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Why breeding rust resistant varieties is not sufficient to control Yellow Rust
- 3. Second most important food crop in the developing world after rice
- 4. Food to 2.5 billion poor people (< 2 USD) in 89 countries
- 5. Provides calories (20%) and protein (20%) in LDC
- 10. Production lags behind demand
- 11. Further decreasing global stocks
- 12. International markets fail the poor
- 13. Financial realities in first world “bread baskets” and on global financial markets do no longer tally with what the poor in developing countries can pay for food
- 14. Urgent demand to increase and protect local production in low and middle income countries
- 17. Basis for Yr resistance / suscepetibility was known
- 18. 5 – 10 years gap from Yr9 virulence occurrence in Kenya until it reached Asia
- 20. Iran: 15 % loss in 1993, 1995.
- 21. Pakistan very significant loss in consecutive years 1990, 1991, 1992.
- 22. Syria and Lebanon: 30% loss in 1988 and 1994 respectively.
- 23. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan: severe epidemics in 1998.
- 24. Azerbaijan: nearly every year.
- 29. Estimates were developed for Gerek 79 by calculating the mean yield performance of three yellow rust resistant check cultivars commonly used along with Gerek 79 in the regional yield trials of the Eskisehir Agricultural Research Institute. The data from the three proceeding years were used to compare against Gerek 79.