SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 11
“Governance and Accountability in Africa”
Warren Allen, President
International Federation of Accountants
May 16, 2013
Accra, Ghana
2nd Annual
Africa Congress of Accountants
• IFAC overview and vision
• Independent standard-setting boards
• Public sector financial management
reform
• Developing Africa’s PAOs
• Financial Reporting Supply Chain
• Importance of integration
• Accountancy as a profession
• Conclusion
Agenda
International Federation of Accountants
“That the global accountancy
profession be recognized as a valued
leader in the development of strong and
sustainable organizations, financial
markets and economies.”
IFAC Vision
• The International Public Sector Accounting
Standards Board (IPSASB)
• The International Auditing and Assurance
Standards Board (IAASB)
• The International Ethics Standards Board for
Accountants (IESBA)
• The International Accounting Education
Standards Board (IAESB)
Independent Standard-Setting Boards
“(T)he sheer symbolism of embracing
IPSAS and taking steps to implement
them at a time when more advanced
countries are peering doubtfully at it
through the window must be
celebrated for whatever it is worth.”
- Sylva Okolieaboh, assistant director and GIFMIS
PFM team leader, in Public Finance International
Public Sector Financial Management Reform
• IFAC’s PAO Development Committee:
• Raises awareness of accountancy;
• Brings attention to the need for a formal
profession; and
• Highlights the economic and social benefits that
a formal profession can bring
• Essential to achieving the desired levels of
transparency and accountability
• Prerequisite to attracting required level of business
investment, whether local or foreign
Developing Africa’s PAOs
Financial Reporting Supply Chain
• Preparing, publishing, analyzing, and using financial
reporting involves a complex arrangement of:
– Participants
– Standards
– Mandated/voluntary requirements
– Behaviors
– Interactions
“I have no use for bodyguards, but I
have very specific use for two highly
trained certified public accountants.”
- Elvis Presley
Accountancy as a Profession
“We must ensure that the
global market is embedded
in broadly shared values
and practices that reflect
global social needs, and
that all the world's people
share the benefits of
globalization.”
- Kofi Annan
Importance of Integration
www.ifac.org

Más contenido relacionado

Similar a 2nd Annual Africa Congress of Accountants

20161102 the mostpresingissuesfordevelopment f islamicfinance_presentation_dj...
20161102 the mostpresingissuesfordevelopment f islamicfinance_presentation_dj...20161102 the mostpresingissuesfordevelopment f islamicfinance_presentation_dj...
20161102 the mostpresingissuesfordevelopment f islamicfinance_presentation_dj...Abubaker Mayanja
 
Budget transparency - Vincent TOPHOFF, IFAC
Budget transparency - Vincent TOPHOFF, IFACBudget transparency - Vincent TOPHOFF, IFAC
Budget transparency - Vincent TOPHOFF, IFACOECD Governance
 
IFRS and Aaoifi, Harmonisation or Convergence?
IFRS and Aaoifi, Harmonisation or Convergence?IFRS and Aaoifi, Harmonisation or Convergence?
IFRS and Aaoifi, Harmonisation or Convergence?Nik Hasyudeen
 
IFSC Authority's Role in International Financial Transactions.pptx
IFSC Authority's Role in International Financial Transactions.pptxIFSC Authority's Role in International Financial Transactions.pptx
IFSC Authority's Role in International Financial Transactions.pptxM1NXT
 
Day1 sp2 cipf-aprofessionalising_pfmicgfmdec2015v2_edwards_en
Day1 sp2 cipf-aprofessionalising_pfmicgfmdec2015v2_edwards_enDay1 sp2 cipf-aprofessionalising_pfmicgfmdec2015v2_edwards_en
Day1 sp2 cipf-aprofessionalising_pfmicgfmdec2015v2_edwards_enicgfmconference
 
International institute of supreme audit
International  institute of supreme auditInternational  institute of supreme audit
International institute of supreme auditVINOD RATHOD
 
Ifac newsletter dec 2010 (2)
Ifac newsletter dec 2010 (2)Ifac newsletter dec 2010 (2)
Ifac newsletter dec 2010 (2)temesgenzewudu
 
Ifac newsletter dec 2010
Ifac newsletter dec 2010Ifac newsletter dec 2010
Ifac newsletter dec 2010temesgenzewudu
 
Islamic accounting presentation
Islamic accounting presentationIslamic accounting presentation
Islamic accounting presentationan nur
 
International Federation of Accountants-IFAC
International Federation of Accountants-IFACInternational Federation of Accountants-IFAC
International Federation of Accountants-IFACSultan Mahmood
 
Dankwambo transition to ipsas and their impact on transparency, a case study ...
Dankwambo transition to ipsas and their impact on transparency, a case study ...Dankwambo transition to ipsas and their impact on transparency, a case study ...
Dankwambo transition to ipsas and their impact on transparency, a case study ...icgfmconference
 

Similar a 2nd Annual Africa Congress of Accountants (20)

20161102 the mostpresingissuesfordevelopment f islamicfinance_presentation_dj...
20161102 the mostpresingissuesfordevelopment f islamicfinance_presentation_dj...20161102 the mostpresingissuesfordevelopment f islamicfinance_presentation_dj...
20161102 the mostpresingissuesfordevelopment f islamicfinance_presentation_dj...
 
ASEAN Capital Markets Symposium May 7, 2013
ASEAN Capital Markets Symposium May 7, 2013ASEAN Capital Markets Symposium May 7, 2013
ASEAN Capital Markets Symposium May 7, 2013
 
Budget transparency - Vincent TOPHOFF, IFAC
Budget transparency - Vincent TOPHOFF, IFACBudget transparency - Vincent TOPHOFF, IFAC
Budget transparency - Vincent TOPHOFF, IFAC
 
Role of the cfo
Role of the cfoRole of the cfo
Role of the cfo
 
Islamic finance financial institution
Islamic finance financial institutionIslamic finance financial institution
Islamic finance financial institution
 
Public sector financial reporting paper
Public sector financial reporting paperPublic sector financial reporting paper
Public sector financial reporting paper
 
IFRS and Aaoifi, Harmonisation or Convergence?
IFRS and Aaoifi, Harmonisation or Convergence?IFRS and Aaoifi, Harmonisation or Convergence?
IFRS and Aaoifi, Harmonisation or Convergence?
 
Alhuda CIBE 6th GIMF-Islamic financial cooperative
Alhuda CIBE 6th GIMF-Islamic financial cooperative  Alhuda CIBE 6th GIMF-Islamic financial cooperative
Alhuda CIBE 6th GIMF-Islamic financial cooperative
 
IFSC Authority's Role in International Financial Transactions.pptx
IFSC Authority's Role in International Financial Transactions.pptxIFSC Authority's Role in International Financial Transactions.pptx
IFSC Authority's Role in International Financial Transactions.pptx
 
Inafi africa cotonou declaration
Inafi africa cotonou declarationInafi africa cotonou declaration
Inafi africa cotonou declaration
 
Day1 sp2 cipf-aprofessionalising_pfmicgfmdec2015v2_edwards_en
Day1 sp2 cipf-aprofessionalising_pfmicgfmdec2015v2_edwards_enDay1 sp2 cipf-aprofessionalising_pfmicgfmdec2015v2_edwards_en
Day1 sp2 cipf-aprofessionalising_pfmicgfmdec2015v2_edwards_en
 
International institute of supreme audit
International  institute of supreme auditInternational  institute of supreme audit
International institute of supreme audit
 
Ifac newsletter dec 2010 (2)
Ifac newsletter dec 2010 (2)Ifac newsletter dec 2010 (2)
Ifac newsletter dec 2010 (2)
 
Ifac newsletter dec 2010
Ifac newsletter dec 2010Ifac newsletter dec 2010
Ifac newsletter dec 2010
 
CIPFA Nepal Presentation 20 March 2013
CIPFA Nepal Presentation 20 March 2013CIPFA Nepal Presentation 20 March 2013
CIPFA Nepal Presentation 20 March 2013
 
Islamic accounting presentation
Islamic accounting presentationIslamic accounting presentation
Islamic accounting presentation
 
The Accountancy Profession and Accountants in Business
The Accountancy Profession and Accountants in BusinessThe Accountancy Profession and Accountants in Business
The Accountancy Profession and Accountants in Business
 
International Federation of Accountants-IFAC
International Federation of Accountants-IFACInternational Federation of Accountants-IFAC
International Federation of Accountants-IFAC
 
African Interest-Free banking & Finance Forum
African Interest-Free banking & Finance ForumAfrican Interest-Free banking & Finance Forum
African Interest-Free banking & Finance Forum
 
Dankwambo transition to ipsas and their impact on transparency, a case study ...
Dankwambo transition to ipsas and their impact on transparency, a case study ...Dankwambo transition to ipsas and their impact on transparency, a case study ...
Dankwambo transition to ipsas and their impact on transparency, a case study ...
 

Más de International Federation of Accountants

Otros pronunciamientos: Información financiera según la base contable de efec...
Otros pronunciamientos: Información financiera según la base contable de efec...Otros pronunciamientos: Información financiera según la base contable de efec...
Otros pronunciamientos: Información financiera según la base contable de efec...International Federation of Accountants
 
Presentación de los Estados Financieros Estados de situación financiera, rend...
Presentación de los Estados Financieros Estados de situación financiera, rend...Presentación de los Estados Financieros Estados de situación financiera, rend...
Presentación de los Estados Financieros Estados de situación financiera, rend...International Federation of Accountants
 

Más de International Federation of Accountants (20)

Closing Remarks International Women's Day 2024
Closing Remarks International Women's Day 2024Closing Remarks International Women's Day 2024
Closing Remarks International Women's Day 2024
 
IFAC Principios revisados de Gobierno Corporativo del G20 y de la OCDE
IFAC Principios revisados de Gobierno Corporativo del G20 y de la OCDEIFAC Principios revisados de Gobierno Corporativo del G20 y de la OCDE
IFAC Principios revisados de Gobierno Corporativo del G20 y de la OCDE
 
IFAC Presentación IGEP sobre OCDE-G20, Febrero 2024
IFAC Presentación IGEP sobre OCDE-G20, Febrero 2024IFAC Presentación IGEP sobre OCDE-G20, Febrero 2024
IFAC Presentación IGEP sobre OCDE-G20, Febrero 2024
 
Preparing for High Quality Sustainability assurance Engagements
Preparing for High Quality Sustainability assurance EngagementsPreparing for High Quality Sustainability assurance Engagements
Preparing for High Quality Sustainability assurance Engagements
 
Otros pronunciamientos: Información financiera según la base contable de efec...
Otros pronunciamientos: Información financiera según la base contable de efec...Otros pronunciamientos: Información financiera según la base contable de efec...
Otros pronunciamientos: Información financiera según la base contable de efec...
 
Otros pronunciamientos: Guías de Prácticas Recomendadas
Otros pronunciamientos: Guías de Prácticas RecomendadasOtros pronunciamientos: Guías de Prácticas Recomendadas
Otros pronunciamientos: Guías de Prácticas Recomendadas
 
Otros pronunciamientos: Marco conceptual
Otros pronunciamientos: Marco conceptualOtros pronunciamientos: Marco conceptual
Otros pronunciamientos: Marco conceptual
 
Adopción por primera vez de las NICSP de base de devengo
Adopción por primera vez de las NICSP de base de devengoAdopción por primera vez de las NICSP de base de devengo
Adopción por primera vez de las NICSP de base de devengo
 
Moneda Extranjera
Moneda ExtranjeraMoneda Extranjera
Moneda Extranjera
 
Presentación de la información presupuestaria
Presentación de la información presupuestariaPresentación de la información presupuestaria
Presentación de la información presupuestaria
 
Revelaciones de partes relacionadas
Revelaciones de partes relacionadasRevelaciones de partes relacionadas
Revelaciones de partes relacionadas
 
Estado de Flujos de Efectivo
Estado de Flujos de EfectivoEstado de Flujos de Efectivo
Estado de Flujos de Efectivo
 
Presentación de los Estados Financieros Estados de situación financiera, rend...
Presentación de los Estados Financieros Estados de situación financiera, rend...Presentación de los Estados Financieros Estados de situación financiera, rend...
Presentación de los Estados Financieros Estados de situación financiera, rend...
 
Combinaciones del sector público
Combinaciones del sector públicoCombinaciones del sector público
Combinaciones del sector público
 
Consolidación
ConsolidaciónConsolidación
Consolidación
 
Instrumentos financieros – Revelaciones
Instrumentos financieros – RevelacionesInstrumentos financieros – Revelaciones
Instrumentos financieros – Revelaciones
 
Instrumentos financieros – Cobertura y derivados
Instrumentos financieros – Cobertura y derivadosInstrumentos financieros – Cobertura y derivados
Instrumentos financieros – Cobertura y derivados
 
Instrumentos financieros – Conceptos básicos
Instrumentos financieros –  Conceptos básicos Instrumentos financieros –  Conceptos básicos
Instrumentos financieros – Conceptos básicos
 
Instrumentos financieros – Revelaciones
Instrumentos financieros –  Revelaciones Instrumentos financieros –  Revelaciones
Instrumentos financieros – Revelaciones
 
Instrumentos financieros – Coberturas y derivados
Instrumentos financieros – Coberturas y derivadosInstrumentos financieros – Coberturas y derivados
Instrumentos financieros – Coberturas y derivados
 

Último

How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...Hector Del Castillo, CPM, CPMM
 
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfAPRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfRbc Rbcua
 
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifePlanetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifeBhavana Pujan Kendra
 
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQMMemorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQMVoces Mineras
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdfShaun Heinrichs
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdfShaun Heinrichs
 
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource CentreJewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource CentreNZSG
 
EUDR Info Meeting Ethiopian coffee exporters
EUDR Info Meeting Ethiopian coffee exportersEUDR Info Meeting Ethiopian coffee exporters
EUDR Info Meeting Ethiopian coffee exportersPeter Horsten
 
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterHealthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterJamesConcepcion7
 
NAB Show Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors Data
NAB Show Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors DataNAB Show Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors Data
NAB Show Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors DataExhibitors Data
 
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfDarshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfShashank Mehta
 
Guide Complete Set of Residential Architectural Drawings PDF
Guide Complete Set of Residential Architectural Drawings PDFGuide Complete Set of Residential Architectural Drawings PDF
Guide Complete Set of Residential Architectural Drawings PDFChandresh Chudasama
 
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptxbusiness environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptxShruti Mittal
 
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...SOFTTECHHUB
 
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxThe-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxmbikashkanyari
 
BAILMENT & PLEDGE business law notes.pptx
BAILMENT & PLEDGE business law notes.pptxBAILMENT & PLEDGE business law notes.pptx
BAILMENT & PLEDGE business law notes.pptxran17april2001
 
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...Operational Excellence Consulting
 
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applicationsIntroducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applicationsKnowledgeSeed
 

Último (20)

How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
 
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfAPRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
 
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifePlanetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
 
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQMMemorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
 
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource CentreJewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
 
EUDR Info Meeting Ethiopian coffee exporters
EUDR Info Meeting Ethiopian coffee exportersEUDR Info Meeting Ethiopian coffee exporters
EUDR Info Meeting Ethiopian coffee exporters
 
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterHealthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
 
NAB Show Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors Data
NAB Show Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors DataNAB Show Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors Data
NAB Show Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors Data
 
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfDarshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
 
Guide Complete Set of Residential Architectural Drawings PDF
Guide Complete Set of Residential Architectural Drawings PDFGuide Complete Set of Residential Architectural Drawings PDF
Guide Complete Set of Residential Architectural Drawings PDF
 
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptxbusiness environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
 
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
 
The Bizz Quiz-E-Summit-E-Cell-IITPatna.pptx
The Bizz Quiz-E-Summit-E-Cell-IITPatna.pptxThe Bizz Quiz-E-Summit-E-Cell-IITPatna.pptx
The Bizz Quiz-E-Summit-E-Cell-IITPatna.pptx
 
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxThe-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
 
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdfWAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
 
BAILMENT & PLEDGE business law notes.pptx
BAILMENT & PLEDGE business law notes.pptxBAILMENT & PLEDGE business law notes.pptx
BAILMENT & PLEDGE business law notes.pptx
 
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
 
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applicationsIntroducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
 

2nd Annual Africa Congress of Accountants

  • 1. “Governance and Accountability in Africa” Warren Allen, President International Federation of Accountants May 16, 2013 Accra, Ghana 2nd Annual Africa Congress of Accountants
  • 2. • IFAC overview and vision • Independent standard-setting boards • Public sector financial management reform • Developing Africa’s PAOs • Financial Reporting Supply Chain • Importance of integration • Accountancy as a profession • Conclusion Agenda
  • 4. “That the global accountancy profession be recognized as a valued leader in the development of strong and sustainable organizations, financial markets and economies.” IFAC Vision
  • 5. • The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) • The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) • The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) • The International Accounting Education Standards Board (IAESB) Independent Standard-Setting Boards
  • 6. “(T)he sheer symbolism of embracing IPSAS and taking steps to implement them at a time when more advanced countries are peering doubtfully at it through the window must be celebrated for whatever it is worth.” - Sylva Okolieaboh, assistant director and GIFMIS PFM team leader, in Public Finance International Public Sector Financial Management Reform
  • 7. • IFAC’s PAO Development Committee: • Raises awareness of accountancy; • Brings attention to the need for a formal profession; and • Highlights the economic and social benefits that a formal profession can bring • Essential to achieving the desired levels of transparency and accountability • Prerequisite to attracting required level of business investment, whether local or foreign Developing Africa’s PAOs
  • 8. Financial Reporting Supply Chain • Preparing, publishing, analyzing, and using financial reporting involves a complex arrangement of: – Participants – Standards – Mandated/voluntary requirements – Behaviors – Interactions
  • 9. “I have no use for bodyguards, but I have very specific use for two highly trained certified public accountants.” - Elvis Presley Accountancy as a Profession
  • 10. “We must ensure that the global market is embedded in broadly shared values and practices that reflect global social needs, and that all the world's people share the benefits of globalization.” - Kofi Annan Importance of Integration