Germplasm collections,conservation, health documentation and distribution
•
1 like•3,925 views
This document summarizes IITA's germplasm collections, conservation efforts, and distribution activities. It notes that IITA maintains over 28,000 accessions of major African food crops. These collections are conserved through seed banks and in vitro techniques. Germplasm is distributed internationally in accordance with the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources and material transfer agreements. IITA works with national partners and global networks to strengthen conservation of crop diversity.
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Germplasm collections,conservation, health documentation and distribution
Similar to Germplasm collections,conservation, health documentation and distribution (19)
More from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
More from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Germplasm collections,conservation, health documentation and distribution
- 1. Germplasm collections, conservation, health documentation and distribution EC monitoring of Agrobiodiversity and Root and Tuber Systems Programs May 27-29 IITA-Nigeria
- 2. Germplasm Collections Over 28 000 Accessions Major food crops of Africa Seed crops Cowpea Bambara ground nut Vigna wild relatives Maize Soybean African yam bean Clonal crops Yam Cassava Musa
- 3. Germplasm collections Crops Number of accessions with passport data Cowpea 15113 53% Bambara 1812 Wild vigna 1507 Soybean 1701 Maize 863 African yam bean 66 Cassava 3078 Yam 3200 Germplasm Musa 150 ‘in trust’ Total 27490 Miscellaneous legumes 600
- 4. Germplasm origin Vigna Cowpea V. unguiculata GIS unit -IITA Nigeria – Burkina faso - India Available data 99%
- 5. Germplasm origin Vigna Bambara ground nut V. subterranea GIS unit -IITA Available data 92% Nigeria – Cameroon –Ghana – Cote d’Ivoire – Zambia –Zimbabwe
- 6. Germplasm origin Vigna Wild Vigna 53 species GIS unit -IITA Nigeria – Congo – South Africa Available data 92%
- 7. Germplasm origin Soybean Glycine max GIS unit -IITA USA Available data: 93%
- 8. Germplasm origin Maize Zea mays GIS unit -IITA Benin - Togo Available data: 82%
- 9. Germplasm origin Yam 8 species Nigeria -Togo rotundata 67% alata 25% bulbifera 2% cayenensis 2% dumentorum 1.6% esculenta 0.7% preusii 0.3% manganotiana GIS unit -IITA 0.25% Available data +99%
- 10. Germplasm origin Manihot esculenta Nigeria GIS unit -IITA +Brazil and Australia
- 11. International Treaty and IITA obligations Germplasm maintained in TRUST for the international community 1. Conserve 2. Document 3. Distribute 4. Safe duplicate 5. Enrich with new diversity 6. Improve conservation
- 12. Germplasm conservation Seed crops Cowpea Bambara ground nut Seed bank Vigna wild relatives Maize Soybean African yam bean Clonal crops Yam Field and Cassava In vitro bank Musa
- 13. Seed crop - Germplasm flow 21 000 accessions Safe duplication Storage Distribution
- 14. Seed crop – Germplasm flow Safe Low stock Viability loss duplication Storage Regeneration Distribution
- 15. Seed crop – Germplasm flow Safe Low stock Viability loss duplication Storage Regeneration Distribution Indexing
- 16. Seed crop - Regeneration and processing 2007 Crop Processed/ Stored Cowpea 1314 Bambara 249 Winged bean 257 Green gram 183 Sword bean 4 African Yam B 170 Wild vigna 257 Soybean 230 Research: Genetic integrity Cowpea Gene flow study in progress Maize 19 Total 2683
- 17. Seed crop - Virus Indexing 2007 Crop Indexed Virus-free % clean Cowpea 1532 (553 core) 1129 73% Bambara 245 (93 core) 140 57% Winged Bean 79 19 24% Total 1856 1288 69% Virus tested: Cucumber mosaic virus, cowpea mottle virus, southernbean mosaic virus, cowpea yellow mosaic virus, bean common mosaic virus Indexed by: ELISA, PCR, ICR-PCR or IC-RT-PCR
- 18. Seed crop - Safe duplication Svalbard (Norway) Crop Processed/ Stored Cowpea 4778 Bambara 269 Wild vigna 294 Soybean 673 Maize 499 Total 6513 • International seed vault • Polar circle • Built in permafrost • Open 4 times a year
- 19. Seed crop - Safe duplication Legumes Saskatoon Research Centre - Canada Maize CIMMYT - Mexico
- 20. Clonal crops
- 21. Clonal crops – Germplasm flow Field bank 1 to 2 years In vitro introduction 6 to 24 Subculture GENEBANK months
- 22. Clonal crops Field bank Indexing In vitro introduction Subculture GENEBANK Bar coding In progress
- 23. Germplasm flow Field bank Indexing In vitro introduction Distribution Subculture GENEBANK
- 24. Germplasm flow Field bank Indexing In vitro introduction Distribution Subculture GENEBANK Safe duplication NIGERIA Black box BENIN
- 25. Germplasm flow Field bank Indexing In vitro introduction Distribution Subculture GENEBANK Subculture (Unit 2) Repatriations NIGERIA Black box BENIN
- 26. Germplasm flow Field bank Indexing In vitro introduction Distribution Subculture GENEBANK Subculture (Unit 2) Repatriations NIGERIA Black box BENIN Transfers
- 27. Germplasm flow Field bank Cryobanking Indexing In vitro introduction Distribution Subculture GENEBANK Subculture (Unit 2) Repatriations NIGERIA Black box BENIN Transfers
- 28. Clonal germplasm - Conservation 2007 Crops Field In vitro In vitro Safe Presently maintenance Introduction Maintenance duplication duplicated transferred Yam 3200 553 1544 259 1110 Cassava 3078 476 2367 558 1895 Musa 150 0 150 0 0 Total 6428 1029 4177 817 3005 Research: Yam meristeming Yam somaclonal variation Low cost in vitro culture Sanitation Cryopreservation
- 29. Clonal crop – Cryopreservation 2007 Cassava 2 Cryopreservation approaches tested on 50 accessions • Vitrification (DMSO/Glycerol/Ethylene glycol) • Encapsulation dehydration • Validation in progress Musa Technology transfer – Leuven Cryobanking by the end of 2008
- 30. Clonal germplasm – Indexing 2007 Crop Indexed Virus-free % clean Cassava 204 172 84% Yam 192 42 21% Total 396 214 54% Virus tested: Yam mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, disoscorea alata bacilliform virus African cassava mosaic virus, East African cassava mosaic virus Indexed by: ELISA, PCR Research: Virus detection at early stage (in vitro seedling) Sanitation
- 31. Germplasm Documentation IITA WEB SITE http://www.iita.org •Search engine Passport and characterization data •On line germplasm request •On line inventory system (in progress) SINGER DATA BASE SEARCH ENGINE (passport data only) http://www.singer.grinfo.net
- 32. Distribution IITA/CGIAR genebanks – Multilateral system (MLS) Benefit Sharing Germplasm available without restriction for food and agriculture research Distribution with SMTA if Annex 1 crop
- 33. Breadfruit Artocarpus Cassava Manihot (Esculenta only) Asparagus Asparagus Banana / Plantain - Musa(-textilis) Oat Avena Rice Oryza Beet Beta Pearl Millet Pennisetum Brassica complex Brassica et al. Beans Phaseolus (-polyanthus) Pigeon Pea Cajanus Pea Pisum Annexe 1 = 64 Chickpea Cicer Rye Secale crops and Citrus Citrus Potato Solanum (- phureja) forages Coconut Cocos Eggplant Solanum Major aroids Colocasia, Xanthosoma (include Sorghum Sorghum Crops that cocoyam, taro) humanity Carrot Daucus Triticale Triticosecale depends on Wheat Triticum et al. Yams Dioscorea Finger Millet Eleusine Faba Bean / Vetch Vicia Strawberry Fragaria Cowpea et al. Vigna Sunflower Helianthus Maize Zea (-perennis, diploperennis, luxurians) Barley Hordeum FORAGES Sweet Potato Ipomoea Grass pea Lathyrus Lentil Lens Apple Malus
- 34. Distribution Crops Agreement Cowpea et al SMTA Material transfer Agreement Soybean MTA Maize SMTA Cassava SMTA Yam SMTA Musa SMTA African yam bean MTA Ensuring Safe-movement of Germplasm Visual inspection / blotter test / sedimentation Release pathogen Germplasm Germplasm Health Testing free-material ELISA / PCR / EM / Grow-out tests Genebank Breeding Seed treatment & fumigation (optional)
- 35. Germplasm Distribution 75% distributed in Nigeria over 20 yrs+ / 5% to the US IITA - GIS Unit
- 36. Germplasm Distribution IITA genebank germplasm distribution 1985-2007 10000 Accessions distributed 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 Year
- 37. Germplasm Distribution Genebank distribution 2003-2007 User type Commercial Company 12% Individual CGIAR (other than IITA) Unknown NARS University 17% IITA 60%
- 38. Germplasm new acquisition Gap identification MAIZE Obvious eco-geographical gaps GIS Unit IITA
- 39. Germplasm new acquisition Gap identification Obvious eco-geographical gaps Cote d’Ivoire Non Mozambique IT parties South Africa GIS Unit IITA (from FAO data April 08)
- 40. Collaboration with National Partners • University of Agriculture Abeokuta – Nigeria • 1 Master and 1 PhD students • University of Nigeria Nsukka – Nigeria • 1 master student • Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) - Cote d’Ivoire • Expertise for genebank upgrading project • National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Nigeria • Consultation and training
- 41. Global Conservation Network CGIAR level – Collective activities •Common registry •Genebanking best practices •Performance indicators Global Crop Diversity TRUST •Global conservation strategies •Safe duplication of national collections Yam – Benin, Togo Cocoyam – Ghana, Cuba
- 42. THANK YOU
- 43. Germplasm origin Musa GIS unit -IITA Musa cuminata M. balbisian M. schizocarpa M. basjoo M. laterita M. peekeli Available data < 83%