1. Better lives through livestock
Raising the Visibility of Livestock in African
Policy Dialogue
Joseph Karugia
Coordinator, ReSAKSS-ECA
ILRI/ReSAKSS
Presented during Expert Writeshop to Finalize the Issues Paper: Raising The Visibility of Livestock in the CAADP Biennial Review Report
December 9, 2020

2. 2
Outline
• Introduction
• Livestock Indicators in the BR Reporting
• Selecting Potential Livestock Indicators
• Conclusions

3. 3
Introduction
• BR is the mechanism for realizing Malabo Declaration commitment on
Mutual Accountability
• It is a powerful instrument for advocacy at the continental, regional and
national levels
• Immediate products of the BR process are the continental BR report and the
African Agriculture Transformation Scorecard
• BR process elevates attention to the broad set of developmental goals to
which agriculture contributes
• Mutual accountability is associated with agricultural transformation
(Ulimwengu, et al 2020) and engagement in the CAADP process is associated
with increased public agriculture spending (Benin, 2018)

4. 4
Introduction
• Livestock sector has great potential to contribute to the achievement of the
Malabo Declaration commitments and targets, SDGs and national goals
• However, the sector receives much less attention and low prioritization in
development and policy strategies at national level compared to the rest of
agriculture
• Livestock are critical to incomes, livelihoods, nutrition and food security, and
resilience in much of Africa with more than 60% of rural population relying
on livestock for livelihoods
• With adequate visibility in the CAADP agenda including the BR process, the
livestock sector stands to reap significant benefits and enhance the countries’
abilities to realize the full benefits of a thriving livestock sector

5. 5
Livestock Indicators in the BR Reporting
• A range of livestock related parameters are captured in 5 out of the 7
thematic areas in the BR
• Parameters are used in the computation of different indicators
• However, no livestock specific indicator is reported
• Livestock parameters in the BR reporting can be classified into three
categories:
• parameters are expressly included in the computation of specific indicators
• parameters can potentially be isolated with relative ease
• parameters can potentially be isolated but with relative difficulty

6. 6
Selecting Livestock Indicators
• Room for a small number of livestock indicators that in the BR report
• Consider indicators where livestock parameters are expressly included and
propose a few strong candidates
i. Government agriculture expenditure as % of total government expenditure
ii. Government agriculture expenditure as % of agriculture value added
iii. Double (100% increase) the current levels of quality agricultural inputs for crops
(seed), livestock (breed), and fisheries (fingerlings), by the year 2025 from the year
2015
iv. Growth rate of the yield of commodity i (where i is a priority livestock commodity)

7. 7
Selecting Livestock Indicators
v. Reduction rate of Post-Harvest Losses for (at least) the 5 national priority
commodities, and possibly for the 11 AU agriculture priority commodities (where a
livestock commodity is a priority)
vi. Growth rate of the agriculture value added
vii. Reduction rate of the gap between the wholesale price and farmgate price (where a
livestock commodity is a priority)
viii. Growth rate of the value of trade of agricultural commodities and services within
Africa
ix. Percentage of farm, pastoral, and fishery-based households that have improved
their resilience capacity to climate and weather-related shocks

8. 8
A New Indicator
• Livestock are critical to meet the Malabo Declaration of ending hunger and
the related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG2)
• Significant evidence (see https://whylivestockmatter.org/nutrition/) shows
that access to animal-sourced foods (ASFs) is a powerful way to ensure that
Africa’s poorest can improve their diet, either through the animals they raise
or the income they receive from them
• Growth rate of per capita consumption of animal-sourced foods (ASF) more
appropriate but presents aggregation problems
• Instead propose “Growth rate of per capita consumption of animal-sourced
proteins” - simpler to compute

9. 9
Performance
Theme
Performance
Category
Indicator Performance Target Parameters/ Data Data sources
Investment Finance
in Agriculture
Public Expenditures
to Agriculture
Government
livestock
expenditure (GLE)
as % of government
agriculture
expenditure (GAE)
Allocate at least
30% of agriculture
expenditures to
livestock
i) GLE on livestock
(as defined in AUC,
BR Technical
Guidelines)
ii) Government
agriculture
expenditure (GAE)
IMF Government
Financial Statistics
Manual; AU
Guidance Note
Investment Finance
in Agriculture
Public Expenditures
to Agriculture
Government
livestock
expenditure (GLE)
as % of livestock
value added (LVA)
Ensure adequate
intensity of livestock
spending by keeping
annual livestock
expenditure as a %
of livestock value
added to not less
than (or at a
minimum of) 19%
from 2015 to 2025
i) GLE (as defined in
AUC, BR Technical
Guidelines)
ii) LVA (as defined in
AUC, BR Technical
Guidelines)
IMF Government
Financial Statistics
Manual; AU
Guidance Note;
National Statistics
Proposed Livestock Indicators

10. 10
Performance
Theme
Performance
Category
Indicator Performance Target Parameters/ Data Data sources
Ending Hunger Food security and
Nutrition
Growth rate of per
capita consumption
of animal-sourced
proteins
For discussion Food Balance Sheet
to obtain the supply
of the animal-
sourced foods
available during a
reference period.
Relevant
country/regional
conversion tables to
convert the
available supplies of
different ASFs to
their protein
equivalents
Population actually
partaking of the
available supply
Ministry of
agriculture; FAO;
National Statistics
Proposed Livestock Indicators

11. 11
Performance Theme Performance Category Indicator Performance Target Parameters/ Data Data sources
Agricultural GDP
and Poverty
Reduction
Agricultural GDP
and Poverty
Reduction
Growth rate of the
livestock value
added
Sustain annual
livestock GDP
growth of at least
6% from 2015 to
2025
Livestock value
added (as defined
in AUC, BR
Technical
Guidelines)
National Statistics;
World
Development
Indicators (WDI)
Intra-African Trade
in agriculture
commodities and
services
Intra-African Trade
in agriculture
commodities and
services
Growth rate of the
value of trade of
livestock
commodities and
services within
Africa
Triple intra-African
trade in livestock
commodities and
services by 2025
from 2015
Total value of
livestock goods and
services traded
(imports and
exports) by African
countries from
African sources (as
defined in AUC, BR
Technical
Guidelines
National Statistics;
UNCTAD; WTO;
UNECA; RECs
Proposed Livestock Indicators

12. 12
Implementation
• First four indicators are already embedded in the current BR reporting and
data are already being collected by AU member states
• New indicator will be computed from national food balance sheets,
converting them to protein equivalents using appropriate food conversion
tables
• AU-IBAR as lead and partners assemble teams to support member states to
report
• Team has membership in BR Task Force and Technical Working Groups
• Importantly, AU-IBAR and partners are supporting members states to develop
the evidence-base for better incorporation of livestock in NAIPs through the
Livestock Master Plans process

13. 13
Conclusions
• It is possible to raise the visibility of livestock in CAADP BR process by
tweaking a few indicators to isolate and report on livestock sector
performance
• New indicator highlights livestock role in achievement of a key development
goal – Ending Hunger
• Strong advocacy by all partners needed
• Team to finalize technical details of the new indicator and training
requirements in readiness for the country training workshops expected to
start in the New Year

14. THANK YOU

15. THANK YOU