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David De Roure
Taking IT for granted: a long view
from the future
1990s
The co-creation of
the largest scale
most programmable
and most useable
distributed system,
ever
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3357073.stm
Now is an opportune time to
tackle the engineering of
emergent order: to identify the
engineering principles and
languages that can be used to
observe, control, organize, and
exploit the behavior of
programmable multitudes.
http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/projects/amorphous/
Communications of the ACM, May 2000.
Real life is and must be full of all kinds of social
constraint – the very processes from which society
arises. Computers can help if we use them to create
abstract social machines on the Web: processes in
which the people do the creative work and the
machine does the administration... The stage is set
for an evolutionary growth of new social engines.
The ability to create new forms of social process
would be given to the world at large, and
development would be rapid.
Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999 (pp. 172–175)
Social Machines
2000s
Data data everywhere
The Grid versus Science 2.0
Taking IT for Granted - David De Roure
Taking IT for Granted - David De Roure
F i r s t
The	
  central	
  goal	
  of	
  the	
  equator	
  IRC	
  is	
  to	
  inves6gate	
  the	
  integra6on	
  of	
  the	
  
physical	
  with	
  the	
  digital	
  and	
  the	
  fundamental	
  research	
  needed	
  to	
  realise	
  
systems	
  that	
  promote	
  this.	
  
In	
  par6cular,	
  we	
  are	
  concerned	
  with	
  uncovering	
  and	
  suppor6ng	
  the	
  variety	
  of	
  
possible	
  rela6onships	
  between	
  physical	
  and	
  digital	
  worlds.	
  
Our	
  objec6ve	
  in	
  doing	
  this	
  is	
  to	
  improve	
  the	
  quality	
  of	
  everyday	
  life	
  by	
  
building	
  and	
  adap6ng	
  technologies	
  for	
  a	
  range	
  of	
  user	
  groups	
  and	
  applica6on	
  
domains.	
  
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL LIFE
October 2000 - June 2007
A	
  revolu6onary	
  idea…	
  
Open	
  Science!	
  
rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org	
  
2010s
The Rise of the Social
Shifts in Scholarship
ChristineBorgman
Pip	
  Willcox	
  
@marstonbikepath	
  
Datasets	
  or	
  dataflows?	
  
Interdisciplinary	
  and	
  “in	
  the	
  wild”	
  
In it not on it Pull not Push
Taking IT for Granted - David De Roure
Taking IT for Granted - David De Roure
The	
  Big	
  Picture	
  
More	
  people	
  
More	
  machines	
  
Big	
  Data	
  
Big	
  Compute	
  
	
  
	
  
Conven6onal	
  	
  
Computa6on	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
“Big	
  Social”	
  
Social	
  Networks	
  
e-­‐infrastructure	
  
online	
  
R&D	
  
Social	
  
Machines	
  
deeply	
  
about	
  
society	
  
The	
  future	
  
Nigel	
  Shadbolt	
  et	
  al	
  
SOCIAM:	
  The	
  Theory	
  and	
  Prac4ce	
  of	
  Social	
  Machines	
  is	
  funded	
  by	
  the	
  UK	
  Engineering	
  and	
  Physical	
  Sciences	
  Research	
  Council	
  (EPSRC)	
  under	
  
grant	
  number	
  EPJ017728/1	
  and	
  comprises	
  the	
  Universi6es	
  of	
  Southampton,	
  Oxford	
  and	
  Edinburgh.	
  See	
  sociam.org	
  
www.zooniverse.org
Scientists
Talk
Forum
Image
Classification
data reduction
Citizen Scientists
Cat	
  De	
  Roure	
  
The	
  Befriending	
  of	
  
Raspberry	
  Tree	
  
Taking IT for Granted - David De Roure
RichardO’Bierne
2020s
Ludere Humanum Est
Social Machines as
disruptive technology
“Yet	
  Wikipedia	
  and	
  its	
  stated	
  ambi6on	
  to	
  “compile	
  the	
  sum	
  of	
  all	
  
human	
  knowledge”	
  are	
  in	
  trouble.	
  The	
  volunteer	
  workforce	
  that	
  
built	
  the	
  project’s	
  flagship,	
  the	
  English-­‐language	
  Wikipedia—and	
  
must	
  defend	
  it	
  against	
  vandalism,	
  hoaxes,	
  and	
  manipula6on—
has	
  shrunk	
  by	
  more	
  than	
  a	
  third	
  since	
  2007	
  and	
  is	
  s6ll	
  shrinking…	
  	
  
The	
  main	
  source	
  of	
  those	
  problems	
  is	
  not	
  mysterious.	
  The	
  loose	
  
collec6ve	
  running	
  the	
  site	
  today,	
  es6mated	
  to	
  be	
  90	
  percent	
  
male,	
  operates	
  a	
  crushing	
  bureaucracy	
  with	
  an	
  oden	
  abrasive	
  
atmosphere	
  that	
  deters	
  newcomers	
  who	
  might	
  increase	
  
par6cipa6on	
  in	
  Wikipedia	
  and	
  broaden	
  its	
  coverage…”	
  
	
  http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the-decline-of-wikipedia/
Stories within
Social Machines
Stories about Social Machines
Social Machines
for stories
SOCIAL MACHINES AS STORIES
awards me pain
of love's rite
fair beseechers kill
that thou none
sweet some vial
straight grow sad
side against myself
saw a goddess
sad slave stay
profitless usurer why
physic did except
part his function
painted beauty to
is youth some
heart from serving
for beauty's pattern
eye i eyed
doth thy beauty
compare thou thine
by spirits taught
bids my heart
beauty still three
bear all wrong
basest clouds to
their youthful sap
There is no such thing as the Internet of Things
There is no such thing as a closed system
Humans are creative and subversive
The Rise of the Bots A Swarm of Drones
Accidents happen (in the lab, bin)
Holding machines to account Software vulnerability
Where are the throttle points?
The	
  Big	
  Picture	
  
More	
  people	
  
More	
  machines	
  
Big	
  Data	
  
Big	
  Compute	
  
	
  
Conven6onal	
  	
  
Computa6on	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
“Big	
  Social”	
  
Social	
  Networks	
  
Social	
  
Machines	
  
deeply	
  
about	
  
society	
  
Automa6on	
  
Big	
  data	
  elephant	
  versus	
  sense-­‐making	
  network?	
  
The	
  challenge	
  is	
  to	
  foster	
  the	
  co-­‐cons6tuted	
  socio-­‐technical	
  
system	
  on	
  the	
  right	
  i.e.	
  a	
  computa6onally-­‐enabled	
  sense-­‐making	
  
network	
  of	
  exper6se,	
  data,	
  models,	
  sodware,	
  visualisa6ons	
  and	
  
narra6ves	
  
Iain	
  Buchan	
  
The	
  R	
  Dimensions	
  
Research	
  Objects	
  facilitate	
  research	
  that	
  is	
  
reproducible,	
  repeatable,	
  replicable,	
  reusable,	
  
referenceable,	
  retrievable,	
  reviewable,	
  
replayable,	
  re-­‐interpretable,	
  reprocessable,	
  
recomposable,	
  reconstructable,	
  repurposable,	
  
reliable,	
  respeceul,	
  reputable,	
  revealable,	
  
recoverable,	
  restorable,	
  reparable,	
  refreshable?”	
  
@dder 14 April 2014
sci	
  method	
  
access	
  
understand	
  
new	
  use	
  
social	
  
cura6on	
  
Research	
  
Object	
  
Principles	
  
Edwards,	
  P.	
  N.,	
  et	
  al.	
  (2013)	
  Knowledge	
  Infrastructures:	
  Intellectual	
  Frameworks	
  and	
  
Research	
  Challenges.	
  Ann	
  Arbor:	
  Deep	
  Blue.	
  hhp://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97552	
  
FUSING	
  AUDIO	
  
AND	
  SEMANTIC	
  
TECHNOLOGIES	
  for	
  
INTELLIGENT	
  
MUSIC	
  
PRODUCTION	
  AND	
  
CONSUMPTION	
  
2030
Where am I?
david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk	
  
www.oerc.ox.ac.uk/people/dder	
  
@dder	
  
SOCIAM:	
  The	
  Theory	
  and	
  Prac4ce	
  of	
  Social	
  Machines	
  is	
  funded	
  by	
  the	
  UK	
  Engineering	
  
and	
  Physical	
  Sciences	
  Research	
  Council	
  (EPSRC)	
  under	
  grant	
  number	
  EPJ017728/1	
  and	
  
comprises	
  the	
  Universi6es	
  of	
  Southampton,	
  Oxford	
  and	
  Edinburgh.	
  See	
  sociam.org	
  
Thanks	
  to:	
  Chris6ne	
  Borgman,	
  Iain	
  Buchan,	
  
Cat	
  De	
  Roure,	
  Dave	
  Robertson,	
  Nigel	
  
Shadbolt,	
  SégolèneTarte	
  and	
  Pip	
  Willcox.	
  
	
  
www.oerc.ox.ac.uk	

david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk	

@dder

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Taking IT for Granted - David De Roure

  • 1. David De Roure Taking IT for granted: a long view from the future
  • 2. 1990s The co-creation of the largest scale most programmable and most useable distributed system, ever
  • 4. Now is an opportune time to tackle the engineering of emergent order: to identify the engineering principles and languages that can be used to observe, control, organize, and exploit the behavior of programmable multitudes. http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/projects/amorphous/ Communications of the ACM, May 2000.
  • 5. Real life is and must be full of all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration... The stage is set for an evolutionary growth of new social engines. The ability to create new forms of social process would be given to the world at large, and development would be rapid. Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999 (pp. 172–175) Social Machines
  • 6. 2000s Data data everywhere The Grid versus Science 2.0
  • 9. F i r s t
  • 10. The  central  goal  of  the  equator  IRC  is  to  inves6gate  the  integra6on  of  the   physical  with  the  digital  and  the  fundamental  research  needed  to  realise   systems  that  promote  this.   In  par6cular,  we  are  concerned  with  uncovering  and  suppor6ng  the  variety  of   possible  rela6onships  between  physical  and  digital  worlds.   Our  objec6ve  in  doing  this  is  to  improve  the  quality  of  everyday  life  by   building  and  adap6ng  technologies  for  a  range  of  user  groups  and  applica6on   domains.   TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL LIFE October 2000 - June 2007
  • 11. A  revolu6onary  idea…   Open  Science!   rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org  
  • 12. 2010s The Rise of the Social Shifts in Scholarship
  • 14. Pip  Willcox   @marstonbikepath   Datasets  or  dataflows?  
  • 15. Interdisciplinary  and  “in  the  wild”   In it not on it Pull not Push
  • 18. The  Big  Picture   More  people   More  machines   Big  Data   Big  Compute       Conven6onal     Computa6on               “Big  Social”   Social  Networks   e-­‐infrastructure   online   R&D   Social   Machines   deeply   about   society   The  future  
  • 20. SOCIAM:  The  Theory  and  Prac4ce  of  Social  Machines  is  funded  by  the  UK  Engineering  and  Physical  Sciences  Research  Council  (EPSRC)  under   grant  number  EPJ017728/1  and  comprises  the  Universi6es  of  Southampton,  Oxford  and  Edinburgh.  See  sociam.org  
  • 23. Cat  De  Roure   The  Befriending  of   Raspberry  Tree  
  • 26. 2020s Ludere Humanum Est Social Machines as disruptive technology
  • 27. “Yet  Wikipedia  and  its  stated  ambi6on  to  “compile  the  sum  of  all   human  knowledge”  are  in  trouble.  The  volunteer  workforce  that   built  the  project’s  flagship,  the  English-­‐language  Wikipedia—and   must  defend  it  against  vandalism,  hoaxes,  and  manipula6on— has  shrunk  by  more  than  a  third  since  2007  and  is  s6ll  shrinking…     The  main  source  of  those  problems  is  not  mysterious.  The  loose   collec6ve  running  the  site  today,  es6mated  to  be  90  percent   male,  operates  a  crushing  bureaucracy  with  an  oden  abrasive   atmosphere  that  deters  newcomers  who  might  increase   par6cipa6on  in  Wikipedia  and  broaden  its  coverage…”    http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the-decline-of-wikipedia/
  • 28. Stories within Social Machines Stories about Social Machines Social Machines for stories SOCIAL MACHINES AS STORIES
  • 29. awards me pain of love's rite fair beseechers kill that thou none sweet some vial straight grow sad side against myself saw a goddess sad slave stay profitless usurer why physic did except part his function painted beauty to is youth some heart from serving for beauty's pattern eye i eyed doth thy beauty compare thou thine by spirits taught bids my heart beauty still three bear all wrong basest clouds to their youthful sap
  • 30. There is no such thing as the Internet of Things There is no such thing as a closed system Humans are creative and subversive The Rise of the Bots A Swarm of Drones Accidents happen (in the lab, bin) Holding machines to account Software vulnerability Where are the throttle points?
  • 31. The  Big  Picture   More  people   More  machines   Big  Data   Big  Compute     Conven6onal     Computa6on               “Big  Social”   Social  Networks   Social   Machines   deeply   about   society   Automa6on  
  • 32. Big  data  elephant  versus  sense-­‐making  network?   The  challenge  is  to  foster  the  co-­‐cons6tuted  socio-­‐technical   system  on  the  right  i.e.  a  computa6onally-­‐enabled  sense-­‐making   network  of  exper6se,  data,  models,  sodware,  visualisa6ons  and   narra6ves   Iain  Buchan  
  • 33. The  R  Dimensions   Research  Objects  facilitate  research  that  is   reproducible,  repeatable,  replicable,  reusable,   referenceable,  retrievable,  reviewable,   replayable,  re-­‐interpretable,  reprocessable,   recomposable,  reconstructable,  repurposable,   reliable,  respeceul,  reputable,  revealable,   recoverable,  restorable,  reparable,  refreshable?”   @dder 14 April 2014 sci  method   access   understand   new  use   social   cura6on   Research   Object   Principles  
  • 34. Edwards,  P.  N.,  et  al.  (2013)  Knowledge  Infrastructures:  Intellectual  Frameworks  and   Research  Challenges.  Ann  Arbor:  Deep  Blue.  hhp://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97552  
  • 35. FUSING  AUDIO   AND  SEMANTIC   TECHNOLOGIES  for   INTELLIGENT   MUSIC   PRODUCTION  AND   CONSUMPTION  
  • 37. david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk   www.oerc.ox.ac.uk/people/dder   @dder   SOCIAM:  The  Theory  and  Prac4ce  of  Social  Machines  is  funded  by  the  UK  Engineering   and  Physical  Sciences  Research  Council  (EPSRC)  under  grant  number  EPJ017728/1  and   comprises  the  Universi6es  of  Southampton,  Oxford  and  Edinburgh.  See  sociam.org   Thanks  to:  Chris6ne  Borgman,  Iain  Buchan,   Cat  De  Roure,  Dave  Robertson,  Nigel   Shadbolt,  SégolèneTarte  and  Pip  Willcox.