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Hinduism,[object Object],The Aryans laid the foundation of Hinduism,[object Object],At the beginning, they were mainly concerned with their life on earth, praying to gods with certain favors.,[object Object]
Hinduism	,[object Object],Their religions was more nature worship,[object Object],Their gods and goddesses represents the sun, fire, storm, rivers, and other objects of nature.,[object Object],Gradually, as life became more complicated, they began to be interested in life after death. ,[object Object],In 2000 B.C. the fair skinned Aryans invaded the Indus valley.,[object Object],These invaders belongs to the white race (Caucasian) and spoke sanskrit, Indo European Language.,[object Object]
Hinduism,[object Object],The Aryans drove the dark complexioned Dravidians, southward.,[object Object],The Aryans gave India the vedic literature, the Sanskrit epics, the Hindu religion and the Caste system.,[object Object]
The Hindu Mind,[object Object],Essentially spiritual as reflected in their literature.,[object Object],In India we see an ethos of a nation.,[object Object],Religion and Philosophy are inseparable,[object Object],Literature was practically confined to religion and philosophy,[object Object],Its earliest literature the vedas, may be considered both as religion and philosophy.,[object Object]
The Hindu Mind,[object Object],The Vedas are supposed to be sacred books of the ancient sanskrit, hymns with accompanying comments;,[object Object],   * Believed by the Hindus to have been revealed by Brahma,[object Object],* where the Brahmanical system is based.,[object Object],* each vedas consist of Mantras (hymns),[object Object],* Brahmanas (doctrinal and ceremonies),[object Object],* Upanishads (an inspired set of commentaries on Vedanta Philosophy),[object Object]
Vedas,[object Object],Rig Veda (the most literary), Yasjur Veda (rituals), Sama Veda (liturgies), and Atharva Veda (spells, magic, incantation etc.),[object Object],- Belief gathered in Upanishads:,[object Object],The ultimate reality is Brahman, incomprehensible and surpasses all understanding.,[object Object],The individual soul or the self – Atman. – by discovering the real self, man achieves freedom and emancipation from illusion.,[object Object]
The Upanishads,[object Object],The Trinity – Brahman (the creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer),[object Object],Reincarnation and Nirvana – where the purified soul is absorbed into Brahma.,[object Object],The philosophy of Ethics must be by a divine revelation or realization.,[object Object],NO one can understand things human who does not understand the divine.,[object Object],Superconsciousness,[object Object]
Japan,[object Object],Ancient History of Japan is recorded in Kojiki –The records of ancient matters and Nihon Shoki or Nijongi (Chronicles of Japan).,[object Object],The early Japanese learned from the Chinese : their art, letters and philosophy.,[object Object]
Contributions of Japan to World civilization,[object Object],The Bushido ( code of chivalry),[object Object],The Shinto religion,[object Object],Kana (alphabet),[object Object],Literary forms such as ,[object Object],1. Kabuki (classical play),[object Object],2. The Noh (lyrical play),[object Object],3. the Tanka (31 syllables),[object Object],4. Haiku (17 syllables),[object Object]
Cha-no-yu (tea drinking ceremony),[object Object],And the Ikebana (flower arrangement),[object Object],Lanscapegradening,[object Object],Many sports such as judo (art of self defense), kendo (fencing) and sumo (wrestling),[object Object]
General view of literature,[object Object],In poetry and history Nara period was the greatest  age of Japanese poetry.,[object Object],Manyoshu (collection of one thousand leaves),[object Object],Kokinshu (poems of ancient and modern),[object Object],Ablest woman writer Lady MurasakiShikibu- writer of GenjiMonotagari.,[object Object]

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