Aaroh

Sowing Prosperity: Boosting Agricultural Productivity
Three Tier Model for Agriculture
Team: ‘Aaroh’
Minal Karanwal, St. Stephen’s College, Delhi
Pragati Mishra, St. Stephen’s College, Delhi
Inderveer Singh, IIT Kanpur
Prateek Singhvi, BITS Pilani
Siddharth Chaturvedi, RMLNLU Lucknow
‘त्रि-कृ षि’
‘Tri-Krishi’
“About 65 per cent of Indian population still relies on
agriculture for employment and livelihood.”

Agricultural Sector in India
 Reduced contribution of agriculture to India’s GDP (around 14%)
 Conversion of Agricultural Land Holdings for industrial purposes
 Poor / Marginal Financial conditions of majority of farmers
 No access to Agricultural Consultancy
 Subsidy for better technology but the technology is inappropriate
 52% Indian Population involved in agriculture and associated activities
but < 15% GDP contribution in 2011-12
 Only 7% organized sector in agriculture in 2011-12
 India: one of the largest producer of food grains in world but lags
behind in terms of productivity
 A poor financial background of the farmers leads to their complete
collapse during adverse weather conditions.
 Un-optimized supply chain from harvest to final production stage. At
last, Least profit to most important stakeholder (i.e. farmer)
 Improving efficiency of total agricultural supply chain from
sowing to final packaged food.
 Bringing in area specific basic improved technology along
with consultancy to make agriculture process efficient
 Bringing majority of agricultural sector into the domain of
organized sector by focussing on the development of the
skills of farmers (human capital for long term growth).
 Focus on categorizing policies according to financial levels of farmers
 Bringing in affordable and appropriate basic technology
 Fostering Group Working among farmer Community
 Development of agricultural side-activities to supplement agricultural
income
 Development of Better Post-Harvest Management systems
 Basic Technology + Proper Resource Management + Efficient
Administration of agricultural groups = Three Tier Model for
Agriculture
Need of the hour
How to improve scenario
2
Feasibility & Challenges
Burning Issues Current Scenario
Impact & Implementation Mechanism
Agricultural Sector in India
Proposed Solution

Proposed Solution : Three Tier Model
Tier 1
• Development of Technically Efficient and Acceptable Agricultural Packages by
agricultural scientists, technocrats, economists & social scientists
• Effective Feedback Mechanism to optimize the packages regarding their efficiency
according to local conditions
Tier 2
• Better Technology cum Consultancy Package to be implemented by farmer(s) with
onsite Skilled Person managing the system
• Local Storage facility and Production of Packaged Food Products (Indian Gramin FDI),
maintenance and vigilance by villagers
Tier 3
• Formation of Self-Help Groups to foster group working and strengthening each level
of farmer to handle adverse conditions and financial issues
• Boosting Agricultural Side-activities to supplement their sources of income
• Overall development of poor / marginal farmers takes places
3
Feasibility & ChallengesImpact & Implementation MechanismAgricultural Sector in India Proposed Solution

Impact and Implementation Strategy of
the Three Tier Model
4
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3
Research & Development Skill Development + Package Implementation Grouping of Farmers & Holistic
Rural Development
• Technical Packages
• Feedback Mechanism
• Diverse Crop Pattern
• Sustainable Development
• A Body consisting of members from Indian
Council of Agricultural Research, National
Innovation Foundation, National Skill
Development Corporation and Rural
Development institutions work together to
form region and crop specific packages.
• Packages are tested by conducting Pilot
Projects, this checks their feasibility,
climate resistance and economic
expenditures.
• Skill Development + Package
Implementation
• Employment Generation
• Domestic Agricultural Industry
• Formation of teams of semi-skilled villagers
at panchayat level to undergo training for
package implementation in that region.
• Resources are available at nominal rent to
farmers from regional office that are to be
used by hired skilled persons for
implementation of any package.
• Storage houses are to be maintained by
committees formed under panchayat.
Implementation
• Grouping Diverse Farmers
• Boosting Side Activities
• Financial Strength to Poor Farmers
• Holistic Development of Poor
Farmers
• Formation of groups at panchayat level
containing farmers with diverse resources
and different financial conditions.
• Group uses resources available to it like
manure, labour, machinery, seeds, land to do
farming on combined land.
• Fostering of side-activities like vermi-
compost, animal husbandry & horticulture.
Implementation
Benefits Benefits Benefits
Implementation

Technocrats & Scientists
Technical Solutions for
Region Specific Problems
by formulating them into
packages at Farmer’s
disposal
Emphasis of Packages is to
foster production of varied
crops and also to reduce
serious impact on natural
resources, e.g. Soil fertility
Economists
Work in collaboration with
Scientists to develop
optimized packages by
studying the demands of
specific regions
Focus of packages must be
to develop skill among
farmers as well as make
packages cost effective
Social Scientists
Checking the acceptance
of packages among
farmers and their effects
on agricultural dependent
population
To suggest modifications
in packages based on the
feedback given by tier 2
skilled farmers working on
these packages
Tier 1: Research & Development
5
Mechanism of the Three Tier Model
Feasibility & ChallengesImpact & Implementation
Mechanism
Agricultural Sector in India Proposed Solution

Tier 1: Research & Development
6
Step 2 Step 3
Technology Consultancy
Technical
Scientists
Social
Scientists
Economists
Farmer
Friendly
Package
Step 1
Feasibility & ChallengesImpact & Implementation
Mechanism
Agricultural Sector in India Proposed Solution

Skilled
Farmers
• Classification of Agricultural Workforce into Skilled / Unskilled categories.
• Implementation of Packages by trained skilled farmers work under assistance of Tier 1 Professionals.
• Local Skilled Farmers Reporting of Local issues regarding implementation problems and will be responsible for
effective implementation of Packages.
Local
Storage
• Installing local production plant to produce packaged food products so that we can employ trained villagers. This
will also act as a source of employment for villagers.
• This Domestic Agricultural Industry will prove to be elemental in providing appropriate share of income to farmer.Local
Production
Units
• To be established at village level and maintained by village authorities to reduce pressure on farmers to sell their
produce in hurry after harvest.
• This will reduce the problem of Time Delay during transportation as these are located at farmer’s disposal.
Tier 2: Skill Development and Local Facilities
7
Tier 2: Skill Development & Local Facilities
Mechanism

8
Step 2 Step 3
Better
Resources at
Village Level
Employment
Generation
Skilled
Farmers
Local
Storage
Facility
Local
Production
Units
Skill
Development
+
Employment
In Village
Step 1
Tier 2: Skill Development & Local Facilities
Mechanism

Access to Better Facilities for Marginal Farmers
- Working in groups will avail facilities for them to do
farming on their own land
- Facilities include: Machinery, financial support, better
seeds, fertilizers
No Force to Sell their Harvests
- By Grouping of Farmers, immediate dependence on
selling harvest for money will reduce
- Local Storage Facility will reduce the danger of rotting
of crop due to natural factors
Diversity of Group
-A group contains farmers from various categories
based on their financial status (poor / moderate/ rich)
- Each member will contribute something unique to
group, i.e., machinery / labour / irrigation / manure
- This working method will reduce dependence of group
on natural conditions for resources
Holistic Rural Development &
Boosting Side Activities
- Involving in Side-Activities will supplement income for
marginal farmers. Organic production can be a Unique
Selling Point.
- Gradually this will lead to improvement of living
conditions of poor farmers
Unskilled Farmers
(No Land + No Money)
Tier 3: Self-Help Groups for Farmers
9
Mechanism

Tier 3: Self-Help Groups for Farmers
10
Step 2 Step 3
Grouped
Farming
Self-Help
Groups
Better
Facilities
Side
Activities
Financial
Support
Empowering
of Poor
Farmers
+
Holistic Rural
Development
Step 1
Mechanism

• Based on feedback mechanism taking in review by
farmers.
• Appropriate Technology application for that region.
• Increasing sources of income for marginal farmers.
• Restoring natural resources without degrading them.
• Improved methods of storage of harvest.
• Use of Technology efficiently, for e.g.,
• Drip Irrigation being a very efficient irrigation
technique when used in a region where water has high
salt content would render this revolutionary technology
inappropriate at that place.
• Robotics application is very robust technique in place
of manual working, but it may have side effects also as
it may render agriculture dependent people
unemployed. So proper analysis of local issues needs to
be done to bring some Appropriate Technology.
• Maintaining efficiency of packages during adverse
weather conditions.
• Proper application of packages to maximize
productivity.
• Proper maintenance and inventory management of
local storage centres.
• Quality control of products produced from local
production units.
• Uniformity and cooperation among the members of
groups formed related to sharing of resources and
final produce.
• Threat from existing touts in local mandi to setting up
of storage and production units.
• Managing of these employment resources by local
people.
Feasibility and Challenges in Implementation
10
Feasibility Challenges
11Feasibility & ChallengesImpact & Implementation MechanismAgricultural Sector in India Proposed Solution

 National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) research papers
 World Bank: Agriculture in South Asia
 Indian Agriculture: Performance and Challenges (pib.nic.in/archives)
 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) research papers
 Institute of Rural Management Anand research papers
 Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-12, Planning Commission, Government of India
 Agropedia and Openagri (agropedia.iitk.ac.in)
 National Innovation Foundation Agro. Innovations (http://www.nif.org.in/bd/product_catalog/cv)
 FAO Statistical Yearbook 2013 (http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3107e/i3107e00.htm )
 Report of Expert Committee on Food Security Bill (http://eac.gov.in/reports/rep_NFSB.pdf)
 Pros and Cons of food security bill (http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/05/08/qa-pros-and-cons-of-the-food-security-
bill/)
 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-09/news/33713635_1_agriculture-sector-gross-capital-formation-
cent
References / Citations
12

Annexure
13
Contribution of agriculture to India’s GDP
Average size (ha) of holdings as per different
Agriculture Census
Source: Department of Agriculture and Cooperation,
Agriculture Census Division, Ministry of Agriculture
Source: CSO

Annexure
14
India among Leading producers of vegetables and pulses in the world
India among Leading producers of cereals in the world

Aaroh

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