1.
ETL is dead;
long-live streams
Neha Narkhede,
Co-founder & CTO, Confluent

2.
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Watch the video with slide
synchronization on InfoQ.com!
https://www.infoq.com/presentations/
etl-streams

3.
Purpose of QCon
- to empower software development by facilitating the spread of
knowledge and innovation
Strategy
- practitioner-driven conference designed for YOU: influencers of
change and innovation in your teams
- speakers and topics driving the evolution and innovation
- connecting and catalyzing the influencers and innovators
Highlights
- attended by more than 12,000 delegates since 2007
- held in 9 cities worldwide
Presented at QCon San Francisco
www.qconsf.com

4.
“Data and data systems have really
changed in the past decade

5.
Old world: Two popular locations for data
Operational databases Relational data warehouse
DB
DB
DB
DB DWH

6.
“Several recent data trends are driving a
dramatic change in the ETL architecture

7.
“#1: Single-server databases are replaced
by a myriad of distributed data
platforms that operate at company-wide
scale

8.
“#2: Many more types of data sources
beyond transactional data - logs, sensors,
metrics...

9.
“#3: Stream data is increasingly
ubiquitous; need for faster processing
than daily

10.
“The end result? This is what data
integration ends up looking like in
practice

11.
App App App App
search
HadoopDWH
monitoring security
MQ MQ
cache
cache

12.
A giant mess!
App App App App
search
HadoopDWH
monitoring security
MQ MQ
cache
cache

13.
“We will see how transitioning to streams
cleans up this mess and works towards...

14.
Streaming platform
DWH Hadoop
security
App App App App
search
NoSQL
monitor
ing
request-response
messaging
OR
stream
processing
streaming data pipelines
changelogs

15.
A short history of data
integration

16.
“Surfaced in the 1990s in retail
organizations for analyzing buyer trends

17.
“Extract data from databases
Transform into destination warehouse schema
Load into a central data warehouse

18.
“BUT … ETL tools have been around for a
long time, data coverage in data
warehouses is still low! WHY?

19.
Etl has drawbacks

20.
“#1: The need for a global schema

21.
“#2: Data cleansing and curation is
manual and fundamentally error-prone

22.
“#3: Operational cost of ETL is high; it is
slow; time and resource intensive

23.
“#4: ETL tools were built to narrowly
focus on connecting databases and the
data warehouse in a batch fashion

24.
“Early take on real-time ETL
=
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)

25.
“EAI: A different class of data integration
technology for connecting applications in
real-time

26.
“EAI employed Enterprise Service Buses
and MQs; weren’t scalable

27.
ETL and EAI are
outdated!

28.
Old world: scale or timely data, pick one
real-time
scale
batch
EAI
ETL
real-time BUT
not scalable
scalable
BUT batch

29.
“Data integration and ETL in the modern
world need a complete revamp

30.
new world: streaming, real-time and scalable
real-time
scale
EAI
ETL
Streaming
Platform
real-time BUT
not scalable
real-time
AND
scalable
scalable
BUT batch
batch

31.
“Modern streaming world has new set of
requirements for data integration

32.
“#1: Ability to process high-volume and
high-diversity data

33.
“#2 Real-time from the grounds up; a
fundamental transition to
event-centric thinking

34.
Event-Centric Thinking
Streaming
Platform
“A product was viewed”
HadoopWeb
app

35.
Event-Centric Thinking
Streaming
Platform
“A product was viewed”
Hadoop
Web
app
mobile
app
APIs

36.
mobile
app
web
app
APIs
Streaming
Platform
Hadoop
Security
Monitoring
Rec
engine
“A product was viewed”
Event-Centric Thinking

37.
“Event-centric thinking, when applied at a
company-wide scale, leads to this
simplification ...

38.
Streaming platform
DWH Hadoop
App
App App App App
App
App
App
request-response
messaging
OR
stream
processing
streaming data pipelines
changelogs

39.
“#3: Enable forward-compatible
data architecture; the ability to add more
applications that need to process the
same data … differently

40.
“To enable forward compatibility, redefine
the T in ETL:
Clean data in; Clean data out

41.
app logs app logs
app logs
app logs
#1: Extract as
unstructured text
#2: Transform1 = data cleansing
= “what is a product view”
#4: Transform2 =
drop PII fields”
#3: Load into DWH
DWH

42.
#1: Extract as
unstructured text
#2: Transform1 = data cleansing =
“what is a product view”
#4: Transform2 =
drop PII fields”
DWH
#2: Transform1 =
data cleansing =
“what is a product view”
#4: Transform2 = drop PII fields”
Cassandra
#1: Extract as
unstructured text
again
#3: Load cleansed data
#3: Load cleansed data

43.
#1: Extract as
structured product
view events
#2: Transforms = drop
PII fields”
#4:.1 Load product
view stream
#4: Load
filtered product
View stream
DWH
Cassandra
Streaming
Platform
#4.2 Load
filtered product
view stream

44.
“To enable forward compatibility, redefine
the T in ETL:
Data transformations, not data cleansing!

45.
#1: Extract once as
structured product
view events
#2: Transform once =
drop PII fields” and enrich
with product metadata #4.1: Load product
views stream
#4: Load
filtered and
enriched product
views stream
DWH
Cassandra
Streaming
Platform
#4.2: Load filtered
and enriched
product views
stream

46.
“Forward compatibility =
Extract clean-data once; Transform many
different ways before Loading into respective
destinations … as and when required

47.
“In summary, needs of modern data
integration solution?
Scale, diversity, latency and forward
compatibility

48.
Requirements for a modern streaming data
integration solution
- Fault tolerance
- Parallelism
- Latency
- Delivery semantics
- Operations and
monitoring
- Schema management

49.
Data integration:
platform vs tool
Central, reusable
infrastructure for
many use cases
One-off, non-reusable
solution for a
particular use case

50.
New shiny future of etl: a streaming platform
NoSQL
RDBMS
Hadoop
DWH
Apps Apps Apps
Search Monitoring
RT
analytics

51.
“Streaming platform serves as the
central nervous system for a
company’s data in the following ways ...

52.
“#1: Serves as the real-time, scalable
messaging bus for applications; no
EAI

53.
“#2: Serves as the source-of-truth
pipeline for feeding all data processing
destinations; Hadoop, DWH, NoSQL
systems and more

54.
“#3: Serves as the building block for
stateful stream processing
microservices

55.
“
Batch data integration
Streaming

56.
“
Batch ETL
Streaming

57.
a short history of data integration
drawbacks of ETL
needs and requirements for a streaming platform
new, shiny future of ETL: a streaming platform
What does a streaming platform look like and how
it enables Streaming ETL?

58.
Apache kafka: a
distributed
streaming platform

59.
57Confidential
Apache kafka 6 years
ago
57

60.
58Confidential
> 1,400,000,000,000
messages processed / day
58

61.
Now Adopted at 1000s of companies worldwide

62.
“What role does Kafka play in the new
shiny future for data integration?

63.
“#1: Kafka is the de-facto storage of
choice for stream data

64.
The log
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
next write
reader 1 reader 2

65.
The log & pub-sub
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
publisher
subscriber 1 subscriber 2

66.
“#2: Kafka offers a scalable
messaging backbone for application
integration

67.
Kafka messaging APIs: scalable eai
app
Messaging APIs
produce(message) consume(message)

68.
“#3: Kafka enables building streaming
data pipelines (E & L in ETL)

69.
Kafka’s Connect API: Streaming data ingestion
app
Messaging APIsMessaging APIs
ConnectAPI
ConnectAPI
app
source sink
Extract Load

70.
“#4: Kafka is the basis for stream
processing and transformations

71.
Kafka’s streams API: stream processing (transforms)
Messaging API
Streams API
apps
apps
ConnectAPI
ConnectAPI
source sink
Extract Load
Transforms

72.
Kafka’s connect API
=
E and L in Streaming ETL

73.
Connectors!
NoSQL
RDBMS
Hadoop
DWH
Search Monitoring
RT
analytics
Apps Apps Apps

74.
How to keep data centers in-sync?

75.
Sources and sinks
ConnectAPI
ConnectAPI
source sink
Extract Load

76.
changelogs

77.
Transforming changelogs

78.
Kafka’s Connect API = Connectors Made Easy!
- Scalability: Leverages Kafka for scalability
- Fault tolerance: Builds on Kafka’s fault tolerance model
- Management and monitoring: One way of monitoring all
connectors
- Schemas: Offers an option for preserving schemas
from source to sink

79.
Kafka all the things!
ConnectAPI

80.
Kafka’s streams API
=
The T in STREAMING ETL

81.
“Stream processing =
transformations on stream data

82.
2 visions for stream processing
Real-time Mapreduce Event-driven microservicesVS

83.
2 visions for stream processing
Real-time Mapreduce Event-driven microservicesVS
- Central cluster
- Custom packaging,
deployment &
monitoring
- Suitable for
analytics-type use
cases
- Embedded library
in any Java app
- Just Kafka and
your app
- Makes stream
processing
accessible to any
use case

84.
Vision 1: real-time mapreduce

85.
Vision 2: event-driven microservices => Kafka’s
streams API
Streams API
microservice
Transforms

86.
“Kafka’s Streams API = Easiest way to do
stream processing using Kafka

87.
“#1: Powerful and lightweight Java
library; need just Kafka and your app
app

88.
“#2: Convenient DSL with all sorts of
operators: join(), map(), filter(), windowed
aggregates etc

89.
Word count program using Kafka’s streams API

90.
“#3: True event-at-a-time stream
processing; no microbatching

91.
“#4: Dataflow-style windowing based on
event-time; handles late-arriving data

92.
“#5: Out-of-the-box support for local
state; supports fast stateful processing

93.
External state

94.
local state

95.
Fault-tolerant local state

96.
“#6: Kafka’s Streams API allows
reprocessing; useful to upgrade apps or
do A/B testing

97.
reprocessing

98.
Real-time dashboard for security monitoring

99.
Kafka’s streams api: simple is beautiful
Vision 1
Vision 2

100.
Logs unify batch and stream processing

101.
Streams API
app
sinksource
ConnectAPI
ConnectAPI
Transforms
LoadExtract
New shiny future of ETL: Kafka

102.
A giant mess!
App App App App
search
HadoopDWH
monitoring security
MQ MQ
cache
cache

103.
All your data … everywhere … now
Streaming platform
DWH Hadoop
App
App App App App
App
App
App
request-response
messaging
OR
stream
processing
streaming data pipelines
changelogs

104.
VISION: All your data … everywhere … now
Streaming platform
DWH Hadoop
App
App App App App
App
App
App
request-response
messaging
OR
stream
processing
streaming data pipelines
changelogs

105.
Thank you!
@nehanarkhede

106.
Watch the video with slide
synchronization on InfoQ.com!
https://www.infoq.com/presentations/
etl-streams