Inspiria Greenbook

www.inspiria.edu.in/greenbook
E N C Y LO P E D I A O F F L O R A L
W O R L D AT I N S P I R I A
I N S P I R I A
G R E E N B O O K

preface
Inspiria Green Book unfolds a new
world of greenery thriving at the campus
premises.The book charts and illustrates
a large variety of exotic floras cultivated
in the campus gardens. The publication
encompasses Inspiria’s endeavor to fa-
cilitate learning in an environmentally
sustained ambience.The book is an obvi-
ous proof of Inspiria’s initial strategy and
effort to sustain an eco-friendly aura and
pollution-free campus by planting more
trees even before the campus was inau-
gurated.
After years of the undertaking in es-
tablishing a greener and environmentally
sustained campus, today, Inspiria boasts
of a striking symmetry of brilliant infra-
structure, modern classrooms, state-of-
the-art resources with the sprawling lush
green spaces, airy lawns, nature friendly
outdoors, and environ. In a hindsight, In-
spiria’s impression of education is unre-
stricted, one that transcends beyond the
classrooms and the concrete buildings.
The “Green Book” stands as an ultimate
interpretation of Inspiria’s purpose to-
wards contributing to learning experienc-
es in an excellent setting.
In addition, the college initiated the tra-
dition of “Graduation Forest” two years
back. The concept behind the Gradu-
ation Forest instructs each graduating
batch of Inspirians to plant a sapling at
the college garden in their remembrance.
Currently, the two different variations of
saplings thrive at Inspira’s lawn.
Each sapling planted by the graduating
batch is labeled with a local name, scien-
tific name, and most importantly, the year
of graduating batch is engraved in their
honor. The intent is, each year a batch
of graduates will be contributing a green-
er campus. Also, The tradition of “Grad-
uation Forest” contributes to a healthier
environment in the premises and beyond
the campus.
At aura of a place impacts on one’s
mind and learning propensity. It’s not al-
ways the technical resources or class-
room tools, the outdoor ambiance is
equally crucial as the latter influences
an individual’s psychology. Inspiria has
cultivated an incredible natural ambience
where a student can grow and thrive in
better and in numerous aspects of life, be
it in academics, creativity, tech, extracur-
ricular and much more. It’s an unalterable
truth that a college is a good place to
build up the foundation of one’s career.
Inspiria promises a phenomenal learning
experience in an uncluttered natural set-
ting.
This is what Inspiria Green Book broad-
ly illustrates! Each sapling that is planted,
each tree that thrives, each flower that
blooms dispenses to Inspiria’s ideals and
visions of a better, brighter and greener
community.

Earleaf Acacia .................................01
Neem.................................................02
Orchid tree .......................................03
Hong Kong Orchid tree ...................04
Bamboo Buddha .............................05
West Indian mountain rose ............06
Crimson Bottlebrush ......................07
Bottlebrushes ..................................08
Golden shower tree ........................ 09
Burmese Pink Cassia .....................10
Peacock flower ................................11
Geiger Tree .......................................12
King Sago Palm ...............................13
Gulmohar .........................................14
Weeping fig ......................................15
Panda ...............................................16
Golden fig ........................................17
Common guava ...............................18
Crape myrtle ....................................19
Thorel’s Crape myrtle......................20
Southern magnolia...........................21
Mango ..............................................22
Black tea-tree ..................................23
White Champaca .............................24
Champaca ........................................25
Spanish cherry..................................26
Curry Leaf Tree ................................27
Oleander............................................28
Rusty shield bearer .........................29
Pagoda tree......................................30
Kanak champa..................................31
Tulip tree ..........................................32
Yellow Tabebuia ...............................33
PinkTabebuia....................................34
Alexander palm ...............................35
Areca palm........................................36
Solitary Fishtail ...............................37
Yellow Butterfly Palm.......................38
Bottle Palm ......................................39
Macarthur Palm ...............................40
Broadleaf Lady Palm........................41
Foxtail Palm......................................42
Red Passion Flower ........................43
Jacobs Coat......................................44
Red Recurve Copper Leaf...............45
Colonia..............................................46
index............................................................

Golden dewdrop...............................47
Caribbean Copper Plant............,.....48
Golden Ficus....................................49
Changeable Rose ............................50
China Rose.......................................51
Singapore Ixora................................52
Chinese Ixora ..................................53
Spider Lily ........................................54
Crape Jasmine.................................55
Chestnut leaf....................................56
Inch plant..........................................57
Giant Cabuya ...................................58
Shell Ginger .....................................59
Amla..................................................60
Arjun tree .........................................61
Rudraksha.........................................62
Lichee ...............................................63
Pomegranate....................................64
Java apple ........................................65
Jarul .................................................66
Traveller’s tree..................................67
Coleus ..............................................68
Teak...................................................69
Lemon................................................70
Smoketree spurge ...........................71
Starfruit ............................................72
Madagascar almond.........................73
Jack Fruit..........................................74
Bael ..................................................75
False heather....................................76
Khajoor..............................................77
Green Wall ..................................78-79
Common name
* Botanical name
{Family}
............................................................

Earleaf Acacia, Ear-pod Wattle,
Papuan Wattle, Auri,Northern Black Wattle
*Acacia auriculiformis
{Fabaceae}
01.
Earleaf acacia is an evergreen, unarmed tree to 15 m (50 ft) tall, with compact spread,
often multi-stemmed; young growth glaucous. Leaves alternate, simple, reduced to
phyllodes (flattened leaf stalks), these blade-like, slightly curved, 5-8 in long. Flow-
ers in loose, yellow-orange spikes at leaf axils or in clusters of spikes at stem tips;
flowers mimosa-like, with numerous free stamens. Fruit a flat, oblong pod, twisted at
maturity. It’s roots are very strong and can break through concrete, ruining sidewalks
and driveways and pushing out other vegetation. Used for the cultivation of the lac
insect in India. This plant is native to southeast Asia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinia
and Australia.
1Inspiria Green Book

02. Neem
*Azadirachta indica
{Melaceae}
Azadirachta indica is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native
to India and the Indian subcontinent including Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri
Lanka. It is typically grown in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem trees now also
grow in islands located in the southern part of Iran. Its fruits and seeds are the source
of neem oil.
Azadirachta indica is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of 15–20 metres
(49–66 ft.), rarely to 35–40 metres (115–131 ft.). It is evergreen, but in severe drought
it may shed most or nearly all of its leaves.The branches are wide and spreading.The
fairly dense crown is roundish and may reach a diameter of 15–20 metres (49–66 ft.)
in old, free-standing specimens.
Parts of the neem plant including the bark, leaves, flowers and seeds act as air puri-
fying agents as also preventives against malaria, cholera and body aches.
2 Inspiria Green Book

Orchid tree, white orchid
(Hindi: Kachnar, Bengali: Raktkanchan)
*Bauhinia alba
{Caesalpiniacea}
03.
Bauhinia Alba (Kachnar) is closely related to peacock flower and to the tree many
consider the world’s most beautiful, the royal poinciana and it shows! Orchid tree is
staggeringly beautiful when in bloom - and it blooms for several months. Orchid tree
grows 20-40 ft. tall and 10-20 ft. wide with a spreading crown of briefly deciduous
leaves which are 4-6 in across and rounded with lobed ends and heart shaped bas-
es. The leaves are shaped a little like a cow’s hoof. The flowers often make their first
appearance in late winter while the tree is bare of leaves. The blooming period then
lasts until early summer. A postal stamp was issued by the Indian Postal Department
to commemorate this tree.

04. Hong Kong Orchid tree.
*Bauhinia blackeana
{Fabaceae}
Bauhinia blakeana commonly called the Hong Kong Orchid Tree is a legume tree
of the genus Bauhinia, with large thick leaves and striking purplish red flowers. The
fragrant, orchid-like flowers are usually 10 to 15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in) across, and bloom
from early November to the end of March. Although now cultivated in many areas, it
originated in Hong Kong in 1880 and apparently all of the cultivated trees derive from
one cultivated at the Hong Kong Botanic Gardens and widely planted in Hong Kong
starting in 1914.
The Bauhinia double-lobed leaf is similar in shape to a heart or a butterfly. In Hong
Kong the leaf is known as the “clever leaf” and is regarded as a symbol of wisdom.
Some people use the leaves to make bookmarks in the hope that they will bring them
good luck in their studies. Bauhinia blakeana was adopted as the floral emblem of
Hong Kong by the Urban Council in 1965. Since 1997 the flower appears on Hong
Kong’s coat of arm, its flag and its coins

05. Bamboo Buddha, Buddhas Belly
*Bambusa ventricosa
{Poaceae}
Probably the toughest of the tropical clumping bamboos, Buddha’s Belly is known for it
utility as well as its adaptability. Bamboo Buddha can be grown as grove or an ascent
plant or in a manner to serve the function of screening. The resemblance of swollen
stem to bulging belly of Buddha depicted in paintings and sculpture give rise to the
name of this plant. This is the only bamboo to thrive indoor.
Bamboo has been most widely used for shelter, food, paper, jewelry, and clothes in
Asia.

06. West Indian mountain rose
*Brownea ariza
{Ceasalpinaceae}
This plant is native to Columbia, Ecuador, Peru & Venezuela, where it grows in hu-
mid forest. It is a medium sized tree 9-12 m tall with a greyish trunk of 30-40 cm of
diameter and with long & hanging branch which tends to touch the soil. Leaves ap-
pear during the summer and monsoon. Large dense, round clusters of brown scarlet
bloom at the end of branches from February to June.The hard, temite resistant wood
of this plant is widely used in building construction as well as in handicrafts. Parts of
the plant such as the bark which acts as a hemostatic are used for making traditional
medicine.

03.
07. Crimson/ Lemon Bottlebrush
*Callistemon lanceolatus
{Myrtaceae}
From the ancient times plants are sources of remedies for various disorders. Cal-
listemon lanceolatus DC is one of those medicinal plants which is indigenous to
Queensland and New South Wales and cultivated throughout India in gardens. Differ-
ent parts of the plant are used by rural people of India. The plant’s traditional healing
uses have been scientifically established. Different parts of the plant are believed to
possess, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial and qualities.

03.
08. Bottlebrushes
*Callistamon pollandi
{Myrtaceae}
Callistemon species are commonly referred to as bottlebrushes because of their cy-
lindrical, brush like flowers resembling a traditional bottle brush. They are found in the
more temperate regions of Australia, mostly along the east coast and south-west, and
typically favour moist conditions so when planted in gardens thrive on regular watering.
However, at least some of the species are drought-resistant. Flowering is normally in
spring and early summer. The plant is widely used for ornamental landscaping else-
where in the world

09. Golden shower tree
*Cassia fistula
{Febaceae}
The golden shower tree is a medi-
um-sized tree, growing to 10–20 m (33–
66 ft) tall with fast growth. The leaves are
deciduous, 15–60 cm (5.9–23.6 in) long,
and pinnate with three to eight pairs of
leaflets, each leaflet 7–21 cm (2.8–8.3
in) long and 4–9 cm (1.6–3.5 in) broad.
The flowers are produced in pendulous
racemes 20–40 cm (7.9–15.7 in) long,
each flower 4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in) diameter
with five yellow petals of equal size and
shape. The fruit is a legume, 30–60 cm
(12–24 in) long and 1.5–2.5 centimetres
(0.59–0.98 in) broad, with a pungent odor
and containing several seeds. The tree
has strong and durable wood, and has
been used to construct “Ahala Kanuwa”,
a place at Adams Peak, Sri Lanka, which
is made of Cassia fistula (ahala, ehela,
or aehaela, ඇහැල in Sinhala [2]) heartwood.
The Golden Shower is the
national tree in Thailand while its
flowers is the country’s national
flower It is a popular ornamental plant and
is also used in herbal medicine and in
chroniccasesofagues.Thesweetblackish
pulpoftheseedpodisusedasmildlaxative.

10. Burmese Pink Cassia
*Cassia renigera
{Caesalpiniaceae}
Burmese Pink Cassia is an ornamental garden and roadside tree. It is a small tree
- not more than 20 feet but in May when the large, showy flowers and tender, green
leaves appear, it presents a strikingly beautiful picture, enhanced by the varied
tones of pink in each small cluster. These clusters rise on short stems from the
scars of the old leaves. At the base of each flower stalk is a bract like a small leaf
and these numerous bracts crowded together form a long clump from which spring
the downy, red stalks. Outside, the calyx is dull red; inside, the palest green. The
flowers, each about 2 inches across are a deep pink when young, but fade almost to
white. The ten yellow stamens are in groups of three, four and three, crowned with
delicate green anthers. The longest three are curled like the letters “S” and have
a curious balloon-like swelling in the middle. The leaves, which fall in December,
leaving the tree adorned only by the long blackened pods, are up to 1 foot in length.
Native of dry zone of Upper Burma, now introduced into India. Flowering: May-July.

11. Peacock flower, Pride of Barbados, Krishnachura,
Radhachura. Poinciana, & Mexican
Bird of Paradise
*Ceasalpinia Pulcherrima
{Fabaceae}
Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae,
that is native to the tropics and subtropics of the Americas. It could be native to the
West Windies, but its exact origin is unknown due to widespread cultivation. It is a
shrub growing to 3 m tall. The leaves are bipinnate, 20–40 cm long,bearing 3-10 pairs
of pinnae,each with 6-10 pairs of leaflets 15–25 mm long and 10–15 mm broad. The
flowers are borne in racemes up to 20 cm long, each flower with five yellow, orange or
red petals. The fruit is a pod 6–12 cm long. The most common colour is red orange but
one variety has pure yellow flower.
Maroon medicine men in Suriname have long known some of the medicinal uses for
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, which is known as ayoowiri. Four grams from the root is also
said to induce abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy.

12. Geiger Tree (Bengali: Kamla Bulal)
*Cordia sebestena
{Boraginaceae}
Cordia sebestena is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae,
that is native to the American tropics. It ranges from southern Florida in the United
States and The Bahamas southwards throughout Central America and the Greater
Antilles.
Cordia sebestena is widely planted throughout the tropics and subtropics as an orna-
mental plant in gardens because of its flowers. It has dark green, oval shaped leaves,
and grows oval shaped fruits that are edible, but not flavorful. Cordia sebestena tol-
erates drought but not frost. The fruit is used in fever, used as remedy for intestinal
complaints.

13. King Sago Palm
*Cycas revoluta
{Cycadacea}
Cycas revoluta (sago palm, king sago, sago cycad, Japanese sago palm), is a spe-
cies of gymnosperm in the family Cycadaceae, native to southern Japan including the
Ryukyu Islands. It is one of several species used for the production of sago, as well
as an ornamental plant.
This very symmetrical plant supports a crown of shiny, dark green leaves on a thick
shaggy trunk that is typically about 20 cm (7.9 in) in diameter, sometimes wider. The
trunk is very low to subterranean in young plants, but lengthens above ground with
age. It can grow into very old specimens with 6–7 m (over 20 feet) of trunk; however,
the plant is very slow-growing and requires about 50–100 years to achieve this height.
Trunks can branch multiple times, thus producing multiple heads of leaves.
The terminal shoots are astringent and diuretic and the seeds are expectorant and
are used as tonic.

14. Gulmohar
*Delonix regia
{Fabaceae}
Delonix regia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, sub-family Cae-
salpinioideae. It is noted for its fern-like leaves and flamboyant display of flowers. In
many tropical parts of the world it is grown as an ornamental tree and in English it is
given the name Royal Poinciana or Flamboyant. It is also one of several trees known
as Flame tree.
In India it is known as Gulmohar in Hindi. It is also known there as Krishnachura or
Krusnachuda (Bengali/Odia: crown of the Krishna) and Krishnasura (in Assamese and
Bengali). In Kerala, it is known as Alasippoo or Vaaka or Kaalvaripoo . This species
was previously placed in the genus Poinciana, named for Phillippe de Longvilliers de
Poincy, the 17th century governor of Saint Christophe (Saint Kitts). It is a non nodulat-
ing legume. With soft and light timber it is best used in firewoods. A very ornamental
tree. The tree is fully covered with flowers and the bloom continues till July – August.
In addition to its ornamental value, it is also a useful shade tree in tropical conditions,
because it usually grows to a modest height (mostly 5 meters, but it can reach an
maximum height of 12 meters) but spreads widely, and its dense foliage provides full
shade. In areas with a marked dry season, it sheds its leaves during the drought, but in
other areas it is virtually evergreen. Flowers appear in corymbs along and at the ends
of branches. Pods are green and flaccid when young and turn dark brown and woody

15. Weeping fig, Benjamin’s fig
*Ficus benjamina
{Moraceae}
Ficus benjamina, commonly known as the weeping fig, Benjamin’s fig, or ficus tree
and often sold in stores as just ficus, is a species of flowering plant in the family
Moraceae, native to south and southeast Asia and Australia. It is the official tree of
Bangkok. It is a tree reaching 30 metres (98 ft) tall in natural conditions, with grace-
fully drooping branchlets and glossy leaves 6–13 cm (2–5 in), oval with an acuminate
tip. In its native range, its small fruit are favoured by some birds, such as the superb
fruit dove, wompoo fruit dove, pink-spotted fruit dove, ornate fruit dove, orange-bellied
fruit dove, Torresian imperial pigeon, purple-tailed imperial pigeon.
It is a very popular houseplant in temperate areas, due to its elegant growth and toler-
ance of poor growing conditions; it does best in bright, sunny conditions but will also
tolerate considerable shade. It requires a moderate amount of watering in summer,
and only enough to keep it from drying out in the winter. It does not need to be misted.
The plant is sensitive to cold and should be protected from strong drafts. The fruit is
edible, but the plant is not usually grown for its fruit. The leaves are very sensitive to
small changes in light
This is generally found in India and southern China. Large, graceful and broad head-
ed, the tree is evergreen with spreading limbs and grouping branches which nearly
touch the ground along the periphery.

16. Panda
*Ficus blackiana
{Moraceae}
Ficus blackiana, it grows fast into a variety of shapes including a ball shape

03.
17. Golden fig, Java fig, (Hindi: Pukar)
*Ficus benjamina starlight
{Moraceae}
A tropical, evergreen tree with shiny, pointed leaves that are oval shaped, and branch-
es that droop downwards. When mature it can spread very broadly and require sup-
port for the branches. It also produces aerial roots and very invasive underground
roots. Most often seen as a potted specimen as it will grow indoors under average
lighting conditions or thrive on a patio in a large tub. Not frost hardy at all; it makes a
spectacular shade tree when planted out in the open. “Starlight” has brilliant variegat-
ed leaves, but is relatively slow-growing compared to the species.
It is the official tree of Bangkok.This tree is used for garden decoration, good looking
& effective in the garden propagation by cutting and also by air layering .

03.
18. Common guava, Lemon guava
*Psidium guajava
{Myrtaceae}
Psidium guajava (common guava, lemon guava) is a small tree in the Myrtle family
(Myrtaceae), native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. Al-
though related species may also be called guavas, they actually belong to other gen-
era, such as the “strawberry guava” Acca sellowiana.

19. Crape myrtle, Crepe myrtle
*Lagerstroemia indica
{Lythraceae}
Lagerstroemia indica is a medium to large shrub or a small multi-stemmed tree to 40
feet.The bark is very attractive gray brown, smooth, exfoliating and exposing shades of
brown, reddish brown and green.
The twig is slender, brown (initially red or green), ridged or angled with very small buds.
Leaves are opposite or some leaves alternate or whorled, simple, elliptical, 1 1/2 to 3
inches long, dark green above, paler below with entire margin. The flowers are very
attractive, white, pink red or purple (depending on the cultivar), occurring in long (8
inch) spike-like clusters, appearing in late summer. The fruit is a 6 parted, brown cap-
sule in upright spikes. Each capsule is 1/2 inch long and persistent through the winter,
containing many small winged seeds.

20. Thorel’s Crape myrtle
(Hindi- Bari sanwani)
*Lagerstroemia thorelli
{Lythraceae}
This plant grows best in the sun, although can tolerate the half shade; aftercare is
required for the first year or until plant is established; reasonable soil is required.This
shrub is deciduous, has smooth bark and is thorn less. It is a naturalized exotic tree
used in roadside planting and in parks.

21. Southern magnolia or bull bay
*Magnolia grandiflora
{Magnoliaceae}
Magnolia grandiflora, commonly known as the southern magnolia or bull bay, is a tree
of the family Magnoliaceae native to the southeastern United States, from Virginia
south to central Florida, and west to East Texas and Oklahoma. Reaching 27.5 m (90
ft) in height, it is a large, striking evergreen tree with large, dark green leaves up to 20
cm (8 in) long and 12 cm (4.5 in) wide, and large, white, fragrant flowers up to 30 cm
(12 in) in diameter. Although endemic to the lowland subtropical forests on the Gulf
and south Atlantic coastal plain, magnolia grandiflora is widely cultivated in warmer
areas around the world. The timber is hard and heavy, and has been used commer-
cially to make furniture, pallets, and veneer.

Mangifera Indica is a species of mango in the Anacardiaceae family. It is found in the
wild in India and cultivated varieties have been introduced to other warm regions of
the world. It is the largest fruit-tree in the world, capable of a height of one-hundred
feet and an average circumference of twelve to fourteen feet, sometimes reaching
twenty. The species appears to have been domesticated in India at around 2000 BC.
The species was brought to East Asia around 400-500 BCE from India; next, in the
15th century to the Philippines; and then, in the 16th century to Africa and Brazil by
the Portuguese. The species was described for science by Linnaeus in 1753.
Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan and the Philippines. It finds mention in
the songs of 4th century CE Sanskrit poet Kalidasa.
22. Mango
*Mangifera indica
{Anacardiaceae}

23. Black tea-tree, river tea-tree
or mock olive
*Melaleuca bracteata
{Myrtaceae}
Melaleuca bracteata usually occurs as a large shrub but under ideal conditions it can
grow into a tree to 10 metres. It is an adaptable species in cultivation and a number
of cultivars have been developed. The leaves are spirally arranged around the stem
and crowded together. The upper surface of the leaf is hairy, especially when young,
with many oil-dots.
The black tea-tree flowers profusely. Flowers are loosely arranged in clusters to form
cylindrical or ovoid spikes, 30–90 mm (1–4 in) long by about 15 mm (0.6 in) across,
coloured cream or white. Each flower usually has a leaf at its base and the petals
are shed soon after the flower opens. Flowering occurs from spring to early summer.
The fruits are more or less spherical to oval or barrel-shaped, about 3 mm (0.1 in) in
diameter sparsely arranged along the branches.

24. White Champaca, White Sandalwood, or
White Jade Orchid Tree.
*Michelia champaca
{Magnoliaceae}
Michelia Alba can grow into quite large trees with handsome leaves that are broad
and vibrant, and with flowering heads that are small, tender and very aromatic. Mi-
chelia Alba is the most exotic and costly of the Michelia family, which has traditionally
been used in Asian temple ceremonies to mark births, deaths and holidays. The Es-
sential Oil is most often used for its exotic fragrance, and is It is growing in popularity
with soap makers.

03.
25. Champaca, champak and Joy Perfume Tree
*Michelia champaca
{Magnoliaceae}
Magnolia champaca, known in English as champaca, champak and Joy Perfume
Tree is a large evergreen tree in the Magnoliaceae family. It was previously clas-
sified as Michelia champaca. The tree is native to the Indomalaya ecozone, con-
sisting of South Asia, Southeast Asia−Indochina, and southern China. In its native
range Magnolia champaca grows to 50 m (160 ft) or taller. Its trunk can be up to
1.9 m (6.2 ft) in diameter. The tree has a narrow umbelliform crown.
It has strongly fragrant flowers in varying shades of cream to yellow-orange, during
June to September. The obovoid-ellipsoid carpels produce 2−4 seeds during Sep-
tember to October.

26. Spanish cherry,Bullet wood,
Maulsari in Hindi, Bakul in Bengali
*Mimusops elengi
{Sapotaceae}
The tree is used in rest of the world for its hard wood. In India, it is also used to make
garlands from its fragrant flowers. It finds use in many Ayurvedic products. especially
those for oral health. Lord Krishna is said to have played his flute under Bakul trees
attracting young women. The tree is said to flower when sprinkled with nectar from
the mouths of beautiful women.
The bark, flowers, fruits, and seeds of Bakula are used in Ayurvedic medicine. It is
mainly used for dental ailments such as bleeding gums, pyorrhea, dental caries, and
loose teeth. The wood is a luxurious wood that is extremely hard, strong and tough,
and rich deep red in color. The hard wood is sharply defined from the sapwood. It
works easily and takes a beautiful polish.

27. Curry Leaf Tree
*Murraya exotica
{Citrus}
Many of the plants, such as Murraya exotica, Grewia asiatica and Lantana camar
attract butterflies. Murraya exotica is also a member of the citrus family and is also
now in flower, with the same Orange Blossom scent.This is why Murraya exotica and
Murraya koenigii – the curry leaf – also get those same bumps on the leaves that oth-
er citrus get. These bumps or blisters are caused by citrus psylla, an insect that lays
eggs under the young leaves.

Nerium oleander is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane family Apocyna-
ceae, toxic in all its parts. It is the only species currently classified in the genus Ner-
ium. It is most commonly known as oleander, from its superficial resemblance to the
unrelated olive Olea. It is so widely cultivated that no precise region of origin has been
identified, though southwest Asia has been suggested. The ancient city of Volubilis in
Morocco may have taken its name from the Berber name oualilt for the flower. Olean-
der is one of the most poisonous of commonly grown garden plants.
Oleander grows to 2–6 m tall, with erect stems that splay outward as they mature;
first-year stems have a glaucous bloom, while mature stems have a grayish bark.The
leaves are in pairs or whorls of three, thick and leathery, dark-green, narrow lanceo-
late, 5–21 cm long and 1–3.5 cm broad, and with an entire margin. The flowers grow
in clusters at the end of each branch; they are white, pink to red.
28. Oleander
Nerium oleandar
{Apocynaceae}

29. Rusty shield bearer
*Peltophorum ferrugineum
{Fabaceae}
A native of Ceylon, it is found in Bihar and the western Ghats. The tree grows equally
well both in arid & moist areas. Peltophorum in Greek means ‘shield bearing’, reffering
to the shape of podsand the ferrugineum describes the rusty colour of its buds and
fruit which are large copper pods. The flowering period is long and variable.
A partially deciduous big tree with grey bark, handsome foliage and a spreading
crown. Its large feathery fern like leaves are bipinnate. It blooms twice a year, March
to May and September to November. Bright golden-yellow mildly fragrant flowers car-
pet the ground daily. After the flowers fall off, the fruit a flat, elongated shield shaped,
copper coloured pod which turn almost black on maturity, are seen hanging all over
the tree. A highly ornamental tree, it is perfect for planting in parks, garden and ave-
nues. The timber is favourite with cabinet makers.

30. Frangipani, Pagoda tree, Temple tree and
West Indian Jasmine
*Plumeria alba
{Apocynaceae}
Plumeria alba is a species of the genus Plumeria (Apocynaceae). This 2-8m ever-
green shrub has narrow elongated leaves, large and strongly perfumed white flowers
with a yellow center. Native to Central America and the Caribbean, it is now common
and naturalized in southern and southeastern Asia.
Plumeria flowers with their beautiful colours and fragrance symbolise natural beauty!
Plumeria, which is otherwise known as Frangipani, Pagoda tree, Temple tree and
West Indian Jasmine is the world’s most beloved garden plant. It is a large shrub or a
tree that can be grown in tropical and sub-tropical climates.There are about nine spe-
cies of Plumerias and all of them originated from Mexico and other regions of Central
America. Many cultivated varieties have been developed in the horticulture trade and
now more than 1,000 flower colours are available in the international market.

31. Kanak champa
*Pterospermum acerifolium
{Malvaceae}
Pterospermum acerifolium (karnikara tree) is an angiosperm indigenous to South-
east Asia, from India to Burma.It is most likely to grow naturally along forested stream
banks. The best growing conditions are a seasonally moist then dry climate with ac-
cess to full sunlight.Also known as muchkunda maple twist tree, it is striking because
of its large flowers and leaves.
The kanak champa is a valuable tree to Indians. The large, round, tough, thick
leathery leaves make fine plates and can be used as a wrapping. Flowers have me-
dicinal values, provides extracts for a good tonic and cures inflammation, ulcers and
tumours. Kept among clothes, they impart a pleasant perfume and keep away insects.
Hindus use the flowers for religious purposes. The timber is durable and used for
planking, boxes, spares and other things.
Good for avenue plantation and in parks for shade, it flourishes in warm climate
with high rainfall. The genus is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘winged seed’.
Acerifolium means ‘leaves like acer in maple’.

32. Tulip tree/ fountain tree,
Nandi flame; patadi (Tamil); Rugtoora (Hindi)
*Spathodea campanulata
{Bignoniaceae}
Spathodea campanulata is widely and commonly known as the African tulip tree,
and has been introduced pan-tropically for its ornamental value. However, profuse
fruiting and the masses of wind-dispersed seeds means that only a few trees can be-
gin a process of invasion, and suckering ensures that it is difficult to remove by stan-
dard cutting methods. It is invasive in many countries, mostly tropical islands in the
Pacific, Indian and Caribbean, but also Singapore, Papua New Guinea and Australia.
Removal of trees is highly recommended, particularly when they are in close proximity
to natural vegetation or waterways.
It can rehabilitate degraded land through its rapid growth. The wood is creamy-white,
soft and light; it is suitable for rough carpentry, crates and shuttering. The seeds are
used as food in Africa, and plant extracts are used in African traditional medicine.

33. Yellow Tabebuia, Golden Bell,
Silver Trumpet Tree
*Tebebuia argentea
{Bignoniaceae or Jacaranda family}
The trumpet-shaped, yellow blossoms of the deciduous Caribbean trumpet tree
(Tabebuia aurea) appear briefly in a spectacular display of color. You may find this
easy-to-grow tree listed incorrectly as Tabebuia argenta, meaning silver Tabebuia, a
reference to its showy silvery-gray leaves. It’s also incorrectly called Tabebuia caraiba,
meaning Caribbean Tabebuia, a reference to its tropical origins.
In addition to its silvery foliage, the Caribbean trumpet tree has attractive silvery, corky
bark. It grows from 30 to 40 feet tall and often leans. Its branches and trunk are typi-
cally contorted with two or three major trunks or branches dominating an asymmetrical
crown. From five to seven oblong silvery-gray, oblong leaflets, roughly 4 inches wide
and 11 inches long, fan outward like the extended fingers of a hand, a form botanists
call palmate.The tree’s bright yellow, funnel-shaped flowers are about 1 inch wide and
3 1/2 inches long.

34. Pink Tabebuia
*Tabebuia avvallanedae
{Campsis}
Tabebuia avellanedae is a tree that belongs to Campsis family and grows naturally in
the Amazon Area of Brazil. It is a big tree growing upto 30 meters tall with red-purple
flowers.
One of such useful plants passed down from the long history is Tabebuia avellanedae.
Since the days of ancient Inca Empire, people have called the tree “the tree of God”
or “blessed tree from God”, because it cures various diseases. The Inca Empire is
well known as a country where no epidemic has ever prevailed. One of the reasons is
considered to be immunity obtained from habitual use of Tabebuia avellanedae. Many
studies have been made by a number of medical doctors and researchers showing
that Tabebuia avellanedae has various medical effects. Medical effects of Tabebuia
avellanedae; a quiet boom in Europe and America” is a quotation from “A miracle tree
of medicine” written by Dr. Oyama, a medical Doctor and a principal of a hospital in
Japan.

35. Alexander palm, Alexandra palm, King Alexander
palm, King palm.
*Archontophoenix alexandrae
{Arecaceae}
Archontophoenix alexandrae is a palm native to Queensland and New South Wales,
Australia, and naturalised in Hawaii. It grows in littoral rainforest, often in locations
that are severely inundated during heavy rain events. Their ability to withstand these
conditions allow them to become the dominant species.
“Trunk gray, up to about 30 m tall. Leaves, about 10 in the crown, up to 2.5 m long,
pinnae about 80 on each side, up to 80 cm long and 5 cm wide, whitish or ash-col-
ored on lower surface, sheath green. Inflorescences up to 70 cm long, with pendulous
rachillae to the fourth order; staminate flowers white or cream, 5-6 mm long, stamens
9-16. Fruit red, 1-1.4 cm long, 0.8-1.1 cm in diameter” “This tall, single-trunked palm
can be recognized by its lime green crownshaft; leaflets that are pointed at the tip and
ashy below; and white inflorescences that branch 3 (-4) times, the long tips hanging
straight down, bearing round, pea-sized, red fruits”. It is often used as an ornamental
plant.

Areca catechu is a species of palm which grows in much of the tropical Pacific,
Asia, and parts of east Africa. The palm is believed to have originated in the Phil-
ippines, but is widespread in cultivation and is considered naturalized in southern
China (Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan, India, Bangladesh, the Maldives, Sri Lan-
ka, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, many of
the islands in the Pacific Ocean, and also in the West Indies. The species has many
common names including the areca palm, areca nut palm, betel palm, Indian nut,
Pinang palm.This palm is called the betel tree because its fruit, the areca nut, is often
chewed along with the betel leaf, a leaf from a vine of the Piperaceae family.
Areca is derived from a local name from the Malabar Coast of India and catechu is
from another Malay name for this palm, caccu.
36. Areca palm, Areca nut palm,
Betel palm, Indian nut, Pinang palm
Areca catechu
{Arecaceae}

03.
37. Solitary Fishtail Palm, Toddy Palm, Wine
Palm, Jaggery Palm
*Caryota urens
{Arecaceae}
Caryota urens is a species of flowering plant in the palm family from the Indian
Subcontinent and Southeast Asia where they grow in fields and rainforest clear-
ings. The epithet urens is Latin for “stinging” alluding to the chemicals in the fruit.
They are commonly called solitary fishtail palm, toddy palm, wine palm, jaggery
palm. Its leaf is used as fishing rod after trimming the branches of the leaf and
drying. According to Monier-Williams, it is called moha-karin (“delusion maker”) in
Sanskrit. It is one of the sugar palms.
Caryota urens species is a solitary-trunked tree that measure up to 12 m (39 ft)
in height and up to 30 cm (12 in) wide. Widely-spaced leaf-scar rings cover its
gray trunk which culminate in a 6 m (20 ft) wide, 6 m tall leaf crown. The bipinnate
leaves are triangular in shape, bright to deep green, 3.5 m (11 ft) long, and held
on 60 cm (24 in) long petioles.The obdeltoid pinnae are 30 cm long with a pointed
edge and a jagged edge.
Caryota urens is cultivated as an ornamental tree, and planted in gardens and
parks in tropical and sub-tropical climates. It is also used as an interior and house-
plant when smaller.

This graceful, clump-growing palm reaches 20 to 30 feet in height with a spread of 8
to 10 feet. The gently arching, 4- to 6-inch-wide, ringed, bamboo-like, green, multiple
trunks are topped with curved, feathery, yellow-green fronds. Known under a variety
of names, this beautiful soft palm is quite valued throughout the tropics and is widely
planted in frost-free areas. The small, white, inconspicuous flowers are produced all
year long on 3-foot stalks among the leaves, and the small, oblong, black fruits ripen
all year. Yellow butterfly palm makes an attractive specimen, screening, or poolside
planting, but it is overused.
38. Yellow Butterfly / Bamboo Palm
*Chrysalidocarpus lutescens
{Arecaceae}

39. Bottle Palm
*Hyophorbe lagenicaulis
{Arecaceae}
Hyophorbe lagenicaulis (the Bottle Palm or Palmiste Gargoulette) is a species of
flowering plant in the Arecaceae family. It is native to Round Island, Mauritius. Bottle
Palm has a large swollen (sometimes bizarrely so) trunk. It is a myth that the trunk is
a means by which the palm stores water. Bottle Palm has only four to six leaves open
at any time. The flowers of the palm arise from under the crownshaft.
Bottle palms are very cold sensitive and are killed at 0°C (32°F) or colder for any
appreciable length of time. They may survive a brief, light frost, but will have foliage
damage.

03.
40. Macarthur Palm, Macarthur Feather Palm,
Cluster Palm, Hurricane Palm
*Ptychosperma macarthurii
{Arecaceae}
This species occurs in dense rainforests associated with lowland springs near
the margins of riverine floodplains. The soils typically comprise deep organic clay
loams without humus development.
Stems grow in dense clumps or rarely solitary, up to 7 m tall, only 7 cm in diam-
eter, thus appearing bamboo-like. Leaves are up to 2 m long or more, compound.
Leaflets are 23-28 on each side, more or less regularly arranged, with margins
nearly parallel or tapered at the tip. Inflorescence are up to 60 cm wide. Male
flowers are 6-8 mm long, with 26-40 stamens. Fruit is red, ovoid, 12-16 mm long.
Seeds are deeply 3-6-grooved.
Stems: Clustering, each stem with 8-10 leaves, slender, light gray stems to 8 m tall
and up to 3-10 cm in diameter, with widely spaced, ridged leaf scar rings. Leaves:
Pinnate, reduplicate, 1-2 m long, with a slightly arching rachis holding drooping,
regularly arranged leaflets in a single plane. The crown shaft is about 50-60 cm
long, somewhat swollen at the base, and light green with a waxy white coating.
Leaflets are green above and below, widest toward the middle or wedge-shaped,
prominent midribs with brown or tan twisted ramenta on the underside. Leaflet tips
are truncated and jagged (praemorse). Flowers and fruits: Inflorescence is pendu-
lous, to 60 cm long and with yellowish branches. White male and female flowers
are borne on the same inflorescence.

41. Broadleaf, The Lady Palm
*Raphis excelsa
{Arecaceae}
Rhapis excelsa also known as Broadleaf Lady Palm or “The Lady Palm” is a spe-
cies of fan palm (Arecaceae subfamily Coryphoideae, tribe Corypheae) in the genus
Rhapis, probably native to southern China and Taiwan. It is not known in the wild; all
known plants come from cultivated groups in China. They were first collected by the
Japanese for Tokugawa shogunate palaces, then popularity spread to Europe, and
later to America where its low light and humidity requirements make it a common
feature in malls and offices. The genus name is Greek - rhapis, meaning “needle”;
and the species name is Latin for “tall”, an ironic name choice as R. excelsa is not the
tallest in the genus.
R. excelsa grows up to 4 m in height and 30 mm in diameter in multi-stemmed clumps
with glossy, palmate leaves divided into broad, ribbed segments. Leaf segments are
single or few in young plants and increase to a dozen or more in mature plants; seg-
ments are divided to the petiole. Leaf-ends are saw-toothed unlike most other palms,
occurring on slender petioles ranging from 20 to 60 cm in length. New foliage emerg-
es from a fibrous sheath which remains attached to the base. As the plants age, the
sheaths fall, revealing the bamboo-like trunks. This usually dioecious palm species
produces a small inflorescence at the top of the plant with spirally-arranged, fleshy
flowers containing three petals fused at the base.

42. Foxtail Palm
*Wodyetia bifurcata
{Arecaceae}
The Foxtail Palm, Wodyetia bifurcata, is a species of palm in the Arecaceae family,
native to Queensland, Australia.The Palm and Cycads Societies of Australia (PAC-
SOA) describes this Palm as follows:
“Very attractive palm with long (2-3m.) plumose leaves (hence the name ‘Foxtail’),
and up to 10m tall with a grey trunk. It produces large (about the size of a duck egg)
orange fruit”.
Flowering: White flowers stalk that comes from the base of the crownshaft. Foliage:
Variance of greenish colors; deep green to light green colors. Received its more com-
monly known Australian-English name from the appearance of its foliage, which is in
a shape of a fox’s tail. Fruits: 2 inches long. Olive green to green in the early stages.
Orange red when ripe.Trunk: Similar to the king palm, the foxtail palm trunk is smooth,
thin, and self-cleaning. It grows a single, double, or triple trunk that is slightly spin-
dle-shaped to columnar reaching heights of about 30 ft. The trunk also has a closely
ringed, dark grey to light gray color which slowly turns more and more white. The
crownshaft of the foxtail palm is light to bright green and slightly swollen at the base.

43. Red Passion Flower, Scarlet Passion Flower,
Red Granadilla
*Passiflora coccinea
{Passifloraceae}
As the name indicates, Red Passion Flower is a passion flower vine with red flowers.
This may be confused with the Perfumed Passion Flower, but the leaves of the two
are different. Plant parts are covered with rufous velvety hairs nearly throughout. Stip-
ules are narrowly linear. Leaves are oblong, 6-14 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, not lobed,
nearly heart-shaped at the base, with double-toothed margins, smooth or sparingly
velvety above. Bracts are ovate, up to 6 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, leathery, crenate or
sharply serrate, usually glandular at the margin, reddish. Flowers are scarlet or red.
Sepal tube is short-cylindric-bellshaped, up to 2 cm long, purple above, pink or white
below, the inner rank tubular, filamentose only at the margin, white. Ovary is yellow-
ish-velvety. Fruit is nearly round or ovoid, about 5 cm in diameter. Red Passion Flower
is native to South America.

44. Jacobs Coat, Beefsteak Plant, Fijian fire plant,
Fire Dragon Plant, Redleaf
*Acalypha wilkesiana
{Euphorbiaceae}
Acalypha wilkesiana is shrub which occurs in tropical and subtropical rainforest,
dry rainforest and vine thickets of the Pacific Islands.
Acalypha wilkesiana is an evergreen shrub which can grow to 1.8m (6 feet) tall.The
stem is erect with many branches.The branches have fine hairs. It has a closely ar-
ranged crown. Its pointed oval leaves which are about 12cm (5 inch) long and 5cm
(2 inch) wide, are coppery green, mottled and streaked with copper, red and purple.
The leaves are finely hairy. They can be flat or crinkled. The flowers are reddish in
spikes at the end of branches. They have separate male and female flowers on the
same plant. The male flowers are in long spikes which hang downwards while the
female flowers are in short spikes. They do not show up easily as they are often
hidden among the leaves.

45. Red Recurve Copper Leaf
*Acalypha ceylon red
{Euphorbiaceae}
Tropical shrubs which love sun and heat. This form has large broad red copper
leaves with a recurved midrib and frimbriated edge. Grows to 5’ or more. Used as
summer annuals in cooler climates, although they can be permanent shrubs in frost
free areas. Great in containers.

46. Colonia, jockey club, pink porcelain-lily, shell
flower, shell ginger.
*Alpenia speciosa
{Zingiberaceae}
Shell-flower is in the ginger family and is native tropical China, Japan, India, Indo-Chi-
na, Cambodia, Thailand Vietnam, and Malaysia. It is widely cultivated and distributed
in most tropical and semi-tropical areas including Brazil, Peru, the Amazon, and the
U. S. (Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico). This plant is an evergreen tropical perennial that
grows in upright clumps to 8-10’ tall in tropical climates. It produces fleshy rhizomes
much like ginger that have a ginger-like aroma. Shell-flower was first botanically re-
ferred to as Alpinia speciosa but has been standardized A. zerumbet. This beautiful
tropical plant is becoming a popular tropical house plant as well as a landscape plant
in warmer climates. Various cultivars can now be found for sale in U.S. nurseries and
plant stores under the common name “variegated ginger.”
Main Uses: 1).As a heart tonic and for high blood pressure, 2). As a digestive aid for
stomach upset, indigestion and intestinal gas, 3). For colds, flu and fever, 4). As a mild
diuretic, 5).For candida and fungal conditions.

47. Golden dewdrop, Pigeon berry and sky flower.
*Duranta goldiana
{Verbenaceae}
Duranta goldiana is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in tropical and subtrop-
ical gardens. It has become naturalized in many places. It is considered an invasive
species in Australia, China, South Africa and on several Pacific Islands. Common
names include golden dewdrop, pigeon berry, and sky flower.

48. Caribbean Copper Plant
*Euphorbia carcasana
{Euphorbiaceae}
Euphorbia caracasana is a tropical shrub that can grow up to 15’ but can be trimmed
to the desired height. It has beautiful rich deep purple foliage. It is an outstanding foli-
age plant that can be confined to a bushy habit if pinched back regularly when young.
The burgundy of its foliage has less blue in it and instead is a warmer brick-red-bur-
gundy.
The flowers are tiny, colored yellow to green, and are often surrounded by leaves
colored like petals, called bracts, which look like flowers, in white, pink, red or green.

03.
49. Golden Ficus
*Ficus panda
{Moraceae}
A medium sized tree with a round crown of many branches with bright, lemon yellow
leaves when fresh. The trunk in beige in colour and surrounded by aerial roots. Its
leaves are attractive, small but broad, elliptic and leathery. The old leaves are green
and the new ones are bright yellow. A better colour develops in good sunlight but
scorching sun may burn the leaf tips. It is a good bonsai material since it can take
a compact shape with good alternate branching. Pruning the plant throughout the
growing season would provide more sub-branching, which would have new golden
yellow leaves.

50. Changeable Rose, Chinese Rose, Confederate
Rose, Cotton Rose, Sthalkamal, Sthalpadma
*Hibiscus mutabilis
{Malvaceae}
Native to China, Cotton Rose is a large shrub or small multistemmed tree that grows
to 15 ft high with about a 10 ft spread. Dropping its leaves in winter the shrub’s slender
stems seem to disappear among neighboring plants until midsummer, when it leafs
out into a big bushy mass.The large leaves are 5 - 7 in, bright green, hairy on the un-
dersides and deeply lobed.They impart a coarse texture that gives the plant a distinc-
tive eye-catching appeal. Cotton rose is very iimposing when in full bloom starting in
late summer and on into fall.The most notable characteristic of this flowering shrub is
that flowers of three distinct colors appear on the bush simultaneously as the blooms
color cycle independent of one another. In fact, the species name mutabilis means,
changeable. After flowering, a round, hairy capsule forms which dries and releases
fuzzy seeds, a trait that inspired one of the plants common names, cotton rose as the
buds resemble the boll of that famous member of the hibiscus family.

51. China Rose, Chinese hibiscus, Gurhal
*Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
{Malvaceae}
Nobody knows whether the hibiscus really is a native of China as its latin name, Hi-
biscus rosa-sinensis, (rosa-sinensis = Chinese Rose) suggests or not. Many believe,
it comes from India. This large shrub or small tree grows to 15 feet high. The toothed
leaves are arranged alternately and vary a lot, but tend to be large, dark green, and
shiny. This plant has a coarse texture and may be upright or broad and spreading.
It is often many-stemmed. Flowers are glorious and huge at their best -- up to 6” in
diameter -- and occur in many colors. Most are flared and have a bell shape and may
be single or double, smooth or scalloped.They have a long central tube with stamens
and pistils at the tip.

03.
52. Singapore Ixora
*Ixora singaporensis
{Rubiaceae}
One can tell by the ixora’s scientific name, ‘Ixora Singaporensis’ that this plant grows
very commonly in Singapore.This is probably the most common plant in all of Singa-
pore and is often seen growings as hedges by roadsides. It always has flowers, and
some people like to peel the fallen flowers of its petals and eat the nectar tube inside.
They claim that it is sweet and delicious

53. Chinese Ixora
*Ixora chinensis
{Rubiaceae}
There are about 400 species of Ixora of which the majority are endemic in India,
China and Malaysia. Today a large number of cultivars of Ixora coccinea and Ixora
chinensis are being cultivated throughout the tropics for their long lasting flowers and
attractive shiny leaves.The forms of Ixora chinensis are usually growing only 2.5’ to 3’
high ( 0.75m to 0.90m ), with colors ranging from white to pink and orange.

A truly amazing plant that can tolerate the broadest possible range of growing con-
ditions. It thrives in water, in wet boggy areas, as well as dry areas. The lovely white
flowers have long narrow reflexed petals behind a central cup. Several flowers are
carried on each sturdy 70-90 cm. stem. Stamen filaments are green, and narrow
petals have a thin membrane between them, which probabaly explains the origin of
its scientific name.
54. Spider Lily, Beach spider lily
*Hamenocallis littoralis
{Amaryllidaceae}

55. Crape Jasmine, Moonbeam, Carnation of India
*Tabernaemontana coronaria
{Apocynaceae}
Crape jasmine, a shrub very common in India, generally grows to a height of 6 ft.
However, it can also grow into a small tree with a thin, crooked stem. Like many
members of the Oleander family, stems exude a milky latex when broken.The large
shiny leaves are deep green and are 6 or more inches in length and about 2 inches
in width. Crape jasmine blooms in spring but flowers appear sporatically all year.
The waxy blossoms are white five-petaled pinwheels that are borne in small clus-
ters on the stem tips. Flowers are commonly used in pooja in north and south India.

56. Chestnutleaf, Trumpetbush,
gaudichaud
*Tecoma castanifolia, tecoma gaudichaudi
{Bignoniaceae}
This is a close cousin of Yellow Bells, but there is a big difference - Yellow Bells has
compound leaves, whereas this one has simple leaves. In the Yellow Bells, the clus-
ters of flowers bend the branch and are commonly seen beautifully hanging down. In
Chestnutleaf Trumpetbush, clusters of yellow bell-shaped flowers appear at the end
of branches which spread outwards. The leaves have serrated margins.

57. Inch plant or wandering jew
*Zebrina pendula, tradescantia zebrina
{Commelinaceae}
Tradescantia zebrina, formerly known as Zebrina pendula, is a species of spider-
wort more commonly known as an inch plant or wandering jew.The common name is
shared with closely related varieties T. fluminensis and T. pallida.Tradescantia zebrina
is native to Mexico, Central America and Colombia, and naturalized in parts of Asia,
Africa, Australia, South America, and various oceanic islands. It has attractive ze-
bra-patterned leaves, the upper surface showing purple new growth and green older
growth parallel to the central axis, as well as two broad silver-colored stripes on the
outer edges, with the lower leaf surface presenting a deep uniform magenta.
It is used in southeast Mexico in the region of Tabasco, as a cold herbal tea, which is
named Matali. Also used as a lubricant in China.

58. Giant Cabuya
*Furcraea gigantea
{Agavaceae}
Giant Cabuya is an evergreen perennial subshrub, stemless or with a short stem up
to 1 m tall. The leaves are sword-shaped, 1-1.8 m long and 10-15 cm broad at their
widest point, narrowing to 6-7 cm broad at the leaf base, and to a sharp spine tip at
the apex; the margins are entire or with a few hooked spines.The flowers are greenish
to creamy white, 4 cm long, and strongly scented.They are produced on a large inflo-
rescence up to 7.5 m tall. Giant Cabuya is native to South America, cultivated in India.

59. Shell Ginger, Light galangal, Pink porcelain lily
*Alpinia zerumbet variegata
{Zingiberaceae}
Native to India, Shell ginger is a tall and dramatic landscape or container plant. The
leaves are about 2 ft long and 6 in across and strikingly variegated with irregular
stripes of green and yellow in some varieties. The habit is upright and does not re-
quire staking as do some other members of the ginger family. The flowers are white,
tipped in pink, and borne in long pendant arches. In some varieties, there is no pink
in the tip. The individual flowers are reminiscent of small seashells, which accounts
for the common name “shell ginger”.Typically, shell ginger grows to about 6 ft, but
it can grow up to 12 ft high. In Manipur, fresh rhizome is applied to ringworms and
other skin diseases. Rhizomes are stimulant, carminative; used in rheumatism and
bronchial catarrh.

60. Amla, Emblic, Indian gooseberry
*Phyllanthus emblica
{Phyllanthaceae}
The tree is small to medium in size, reaching 1–8 m in height. The branchlets are
not glabrous or finely pubescent, 10–20 cm long, usually deciduous; the leaves
are simple, subsessile and closely set along branchlets, light green, resembling
pinnate leaves. The flowers are greenish-yellow. The fruit is nearly spherical, light
greenish yellow, quite smooth and hard on appearance, with six vertical stripes
or furrows.
Ripening in autumn, the berries are harvested by hand after climbing to upper
branches bearing the fruits. The taste of Indian emblic is sour, bitter and astrin-
gent, and it is quite fibrous. In India, it is common to eat emblic steeped in salt
water and red chilli powder to make the sour fruits palatable.
In traditional Indian medicine, dried and fresh fruits of the plant are used. All parts
of the plant are used in various Ayurvedic/Unani medicine, herbal preparations,
including the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers. According to Ayurveda,
amla fruit is sour and astringent in taste, with sweet, bitter and pungent second-
ary tastes. Its qualities are light and dry, the post-digestive effect is sweet and its
energy is cooling.

61. Arjuna or Arjun tree
* Terminalia arjuna
{Combretaceae}
The arjuna is about 20–25 metres tall; usually has a buttressed trunk, and forms
a wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwards. It has oblong,
conical leaves which are green on the top and brown below; smooth, grey bark; it
has pale yellow flowers which appear between March and June; its glabrous, 2.5 to
5 cm fibrous woody fruit, divided into five wings, appears between September and
November.
The arjuna was introduced into Ayurveda as a treatment for heart disease by Vag-
bhata. It is traditionally prepared as a milk decoction. Vagbhata mentions arjuna in
the treatment of wounds, hemorrhages and ulcers, applied topically as a powder.The
Arjuna plant has traditionally been used to treat heart disease for centuries, which is
why it got the nickname “Guardian of the heart.” The hero of the famous epic “Ma-
habharata”, was named after this tree because of its protective effects.

62. Rudraksha or Rudraksh
*Elaeocarpus ganitrus
{Elaeocarpaceae}
Elaeocarpus ganitrus grows in the area from the Gangetic plain in the foothills of the
Himalayas to Southeast Asia, Nepal, Indonesia, New Guinea to Australia, Guam, and
Hawaii.Rudraksha seeds are covered by an outer husk of blue when fully ripe, and for
this reason are also known as blueberry beads. The blue colour is not derived from
pigment but is structural.It is an evergreen tree that grows quickly. The Rudraksha
tree starts bearing fruit in three to four years from germination. As the tree matures,
the roots form buttresses, rising up near the trunk and radiating out along the surface
of the ground.
Elaeocarpus ganitrus, is a large evergreen broad-leaved tree whose seed is tradi-
tionally used for prayer beads in Hinduism and Buddhism. The seeds are known as
rudraksha, or rudraksh, Sanskrit: rudraksa (“Rudra’s Tear Drops”).The seeds are pri-
marily used in India and Nepal as beads for organic jewellery and malas, and are
valued similarly to semi-precious stones.

03.
63. Litchi, Liechee, Liche, Lichee
*Litchi chinesis
{Sapindaceae}
It is a tropical tree native to the Guangdong and Fujian provinces of china, where
cultivation is documented from 1059 AD. China is the main producer of lychees,
followed by India, other countries in Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent and
South Africa
A tall evergreen tree, the lychee bears small fleshy fruits.The outside of the fruit is
pink-red, roughly textured and inedible, covering sweet flesh eaten in many differ-
ent dessert dishes. Since the perfume-like flavor is lost in the process of canning,
the fruit is usually eaten fresh.
The bark is grey-black, the branches a brownish-red. Leaves are 10 to 25 cm (3.9
to 9.8 in) or longer, with leaflets in 2-4 pairs. Litchee have a similar foliage to the
Lauraceae family likely due to convergent evolution. They are adapted by devel-
oping leaves that repel water, and are called laurophyll or lauroid leaves. Flow-
ers grow on a terminal inflorescence with many panicles on the current season’s
growth. The panicles grow in clusters of ten or more, reaching 10 to 40 cm (3.9 to
15.7 in) or longer, holding hundreds of small white, yellow, or green flowers that

03.
64. Pomegranate, Anar
*Punica granatum
{Lythraceae}
The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree
in the family Lythraceae that grows between 5 and 10 m (16 and 33 ft) tall.
The fruit is typically in season in the Northern hemisphere from September to Feb-
ruary, and in the Southern hemisphere from March to May. As intact arils or juice,
pomegranates are used in baking, cooking, juice blends, meal garnishes, smoothies,
and alcoholic beverages such as cocktails and wine.
Today, it is widely cultivated throughout the Middle East and Caucasus region, north
and Tropical Africa, South Asia, Central Asia, the drier parts of Southeast Asia and
parts of the Mediterranean Basin. It is also cultivated in parts of Arizona and Califor-
nia. In the 20th and 21st centuries, it has become more common in the shops and
markets of Europe and the Western Hemisphere.

65. Java apple, Rose apple,Jamrul
*Syzygium samarangense
{Myrtaceae}
Syzygium samarangense is a tropical tree
growing to 12 m tall, with evergreen leaves
10–25 cm long and 5–10cm broad. The
flowers are white, 2.5 cm diameter, with four
petals and numerous stamens. The fruit is a
bell-shaped, edible with colors ranging from
white, pale green, or green to red, purple, or
crimson, to deep purple or even black, 4–6
cm long in wild plants. The flowers and re-
sulting fruit are not limited to the axils of the
leaves, and can appear on nearly any point
on the surface of the trunk and branches.
When mature, the tree is considered a heavy
bearer, yielding a crop of up to 700 fruits.
When ripe, the fruit will puff outwards,
with a slight concavity in the middle of the
underside of the “bell”. Healthy wax ap-
ples have a light sheen to them. Despite
its name, a ripe wax apple only resembles
an apple on the outside in color. It does
not taste like an apple, and it has neither
the fragrance nor the density of an apple.
The flowers are astringent and used
in Taiwan to treat fever and halt diar-
rhea. Investigators have found their
principal constituent to be tannin.

66. Jarul
*Lagerstroemia speciosa
{Lythraceae}
It is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 20 metres (66 ft) tall, with smooth, flaky
bark. The leaves are deciduous, oval to elliptic, 8–15 cm (3.1–5.9 in) long and 3–7
cm (1.2–2.8 in) broad, with an acute apex.The flowers are produced in erect panicles
20–40 cm (7.9–15.7 in) long, each flower with six white to purple petals 2–3.5 cm
(0.79–1.38 in) long. The flowers in this plant blooms only once in a year at the peak
of summer.
It is grown in South East Asia, India and the Philippines. It is also widely cultivated as
an ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical. The leaves of the banabá and other
parts are used widely in the Philippines, Taiwan, and Japan as a tea preparation.
Banabá herb is one of the 69 herbal plants promoted by the Philippine Department of
Health (DOH).In Vietnam the plant’s young leaves are consumed as vegetables, and
its old leaves and mature fruit are used in traditional medicine for reducing glucose
in blood.

67. Traveller’s tree, traveller’s palm, pantho palm
*Ravenala madagascariensis
{Strelitziaceae}
It has been given the name “traveller’s palm” because the sheaths of the stems
hold rainwater, which supposedly could be used as an emergency drinking supply
for needy travellers.The scientific name Ravenala comes from Malagasy ravinala
meaning “forest leaves”.
The enormous paddle-shaped leaves are borne on long petioles in a distinctive fan
shape aligned in a single plane. The large white flowers are structurally similar to
those of its relatives, the bird-of-paradise flowers Strelitzia reginae and Strelitzia
nicolai, but are generally considered less attractive, with a green bract. As the plant
grows older, it progressively loses the lowest or oldest leaves and reveals a sturdy
grey trunk.
The plant requires a sunny spot (not full sun until it is larger). It responds well to
fertiliser, especially if it is high in nitrogen during the growing season. This produces
better growth and foliage. The plant grows to an average height of 7 m (23 ft) and
requires moderate water.

68. Coleus, Painted nettle
*Plectranthus scutellarioides
{Lamiaceae}
Plectranthus scutellarioides is commonly known as coleus, is a species of flowetring
plant in the family Lamiaceae (the mint or deadnettle family), native to southeast
Asia through to Australia. Typically growing to 60–75 cm (24–30 in) tall and wide, it
is a bushy, woody-based evergreen perennial, widely grown for the highly decorative
variegated leaves found in cultivated varieties.
It is an upright annual or short-lived perennial plant. It may be as much as 1 m (3 ft)
tall, with well branched, more-or-less four-sided stems.The leaves of the wild species
may be somewhat variegated, but this has been developed to an extreme degree in
cultivated varieties, whose leaves may include one or more shades of green, white,
cream, yellow, pink, red, maroon and dark purple.
The species was first introduced into Europe from Java in 1851 by a Dutch horticultur-
alist. At this time, there were few leaf colors and shapes. A wider variety was available
by 1877, when the American William Bull offered seeds at 43 US cents each. How-
ever, by selecting for seed production, early flowering was inadvertently favored, and
leaf color also declined in intensity.

69. Teak, Sagwan
*Tectona grandis
{Lamiaceae}
Teak is a large, long, deciduous tree up to 40 m (131 ft) tall with gray to grayish brown
branches. These are mostly known for their finest quality wood. Leaves are ovate-el-
liptic to ovate, 15–45 cm (5.9–17.7 in) long by 8–23 cm (3.1–9.1 in) wide, and are
held on robust petioles which are 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long. Leaf margins are entire.
Tectona grandis is a tropical hardwood tree species placed in the flowering plant
family Lamiaceae. Tectona grandis is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed
hardwood forests. It has small, fragrant white flowers and large papery leaves that are
often hairy on the lower surface. It is sometimes known as the “Burmese teak”. Teak
wood has a leather-like smell when it is freshly milled. It is particularly valued for its
durability and water resistance, and is used for boat building, exterior construction,
veneer, furniture, carving, turnings, and other small wood projects.

70. Lemon
* Citrus limon
{Rutaceae}
Lemons need a minimum temperature of around 7 °C (45 °F), so they are not hardy
year round in temperate climates, but become hardier as they mature. Citrus require
minimal pruning by trimming overcrowded branches, with the tallest branch cut back
to encourage bushy growth. Throughout summer, pinching back tips of the most vig-
orous growth assures more abundant canopy development. As mature plants may
produce unwanted, fast-growing shoots called ‘water shoots’, these are removed from
the main branches at the bottom or middle of the plant.
The tree’s ellipsoidal yellow fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes
throughout the world, primarily for its juice, which has both culinary and cleaning
uses. The pulp and rind (zest) are also used in cooking and baking. The juice of the
lemon is about 5% to 6% citric acid, with a pH of around 2.2, giving it a sour taste.
The distinctive sour taste of lemon juice makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods
such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.

71. Smoketree spurge, Tropical smoke bush
*Euphorbia cotinifolia
{Euphorbiaceae}
Euphorbia cotinifolia is a broadleaf red shrub native to Mexico and South America.
Treated as a shrub, it reaches 10 to 15 ft (3.0 to 4.6 m) but can be grown as a tree
reaching 30 ft (9.1m). Small white flowers with creamy bracts bloom at the ends of
the branches in summer.The purplish stems, when broken, exude a sap that is a skin
irritant.
It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and in pots, due to its co-
lourful and distinctive foliage. It prefers a site with well-drained soil and full sun. While
relatively hardy, it does not react well to wind, salt, or frost.
The species is well known in Central America, where its poisonous sap has been
used both as a medicine and a poison. As a medicine, it has been used in folk remi-
dies as both an emetic and Cathartic substance. Fishermen have been known to add
the sap to water in fishing grounds to stun fish and force them to float to the top. It was
also historically used as a poison for arrowheads by the natives of Curacao.

72. Starfruit, Carambola
*Averrhoa carambola
{Oxalidaceae}
Averrhoa carambola is a species of tree in the family Oxalidaceae, it has a number
of common names, including Carambola and starfruit.
This evergreen tree is native to Southeast Asia and the Indian Subcontinent. Caram-
bola is a small tree or shrub that grows 5–12 metres tall, with rose to red-purple flow-
ers. The flowers are small and bell-shaped, with five petals that have whitish edges.
The flowers are often produced year round under tropical conditions.
It is a small, slow-growing evergreen tree with a short-trunk or a shrub. The branches
are drooping and the wood is white and turns reddish. It has a bushy shape with many
branches producing a broad, rounded crown.
The fruits are showy with an oblong shape, They have a thin, waxy skin that is or-
ange-yellow colored. The juicy fruits are yellow inside when ripe and have a crisp
texture and when cut in cross-section are star shaped. The fruits have an oxalic acid
odor, which varies between plants from strong to mild, the taste also varies from very
sour to mildly sweetish. Some cultivated forms produce fruits with no seeds.

03.
73. Madagascar almond,
Ulta chatin
* Terminalia mantaly
{Magnoliopsida}
The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine and source of dyes
and tannins. It can be used in reforestation projects and is a good shade tree, often
being grown as an ornamental and to provide shade along streets.
A plant of the semi-arid to moist tropics, where it can be found at elevations up to
1,500 metres. It grows best in areas where the mean maximum and minimum an-
nual temperatures are within the range 20 - 28°c, though it can tolerate 15 – 36°c.
Requires a sunny position. Prefers a well-drained, medium to light soil.
Established plants are drought resistant. A fast-growing plant when on a good site.
Terminalia mantaly is a deciduous or evergreen tree with conspicuously layered
branches, growing 10 - 20 metres tall.

03.
74. Jackfruit, Kathal
*Artocarpus heterophyllus
{Moraceae}
The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical lowlands, and its fruit is the largest tree-
borne fruit, reaching as much as 55 kg (120 lb) in weight, 90 cm (35 in) in length,
and 50 cm (20 in) in diameter. A mature jackfruit tree can produce about 100 to 200
fruits in a year.The jackfruit is a multiple fruit, composed of hundreds to thousands of
individual flowers, and the fleshy petals are eaten.
The flesh of the jackfruit is starchy and fibrous and is a source of dietary fibre.
The jackfruit also provides a potential part of the solution for tropical countries facing
problems with food security, such as several countries of Africa.
The jackfruit has played a significant role in Indian agriculture for centuries. The or-
nate wooden plank called avani palaka, made of the wood of the jackfruit tree, is used
as the priest’s seat during Hindu ceremonies in Kerala.
Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh. It is the state fruit of the Indian states of
Kerala and Tamil Nadu and one of the three auspicious fruits of Tamil Nadu, along
with the mango and banana.

75. Bael, golden apple, stone apple
*Aegle marmelos
{Rutaceae}
Aegle marmelos is a deciduous shrub or small to medium-sized tree, up to 13m tall
with slender drooping branches and rather shabby crown.The bark is pale brown or
grayish, smooth or finely fissured and flaking, armed with long straight spines, 1.2-
2.5 cm singly or in pairs, often with slimy sap oozing out from cut parts. The leaf is
trifoliate, alternate, each leaflet 5-14 x 2–6 cm, ovate with tapering or pointed tip and
rounded base, untoothed or with shallow rounded teeth.Young leaves are pale green
or pinkish, finely hairy while mature leaves are dark green and completely smooth.
The bael fruit typically has a diameter of between 5 and 12 cm. It is globose or slightly
pear-shaped with a thick, hard rind and does not split upon ripening.The woody shell
is smooth and green, gray until it is fully ripe when it turns yellow.
The fruits can be eaten either fresh from trees or after being dried and produced into
candy, toffee, pulp powder or nectar. If fresh, the juice is strained and sweetened to
make a drink similar to lemonade. It can be made into sharbat or Bela pana a bev-
erage. Bela pana made in Odisha has fresh cheese, milk, water, fruit pulp, sugar,
crushed black pepper, and ice.
Bael is used in the ritual rites of Hindus and is considered as one of the sacred trees
of Hindus.

76. False heather, Mexican heather
*Cuphea hyssopilofia
{Lythraceae}
Cuphea Hyssopifolia is a small evergreen shrub.This plant has gained the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. It is native to Mexico, Guatemala and Hon-
duras. It grows to about 60 cm high by 90 cm wide and has purple, lavender or white
coloured flowers and fine foliage.
In cultivation, the species adapts to a range of soils in a sunny or partially shaded
situation with good drainage. It can be cultivated outdoors in USDA hardiness zones.
In colder regions it may be cultivated as an annual. Plants may be propagated by cut-
tings, layering or division. They seed freely, and new seedlings that appear are easily
transplanted.

77. Khajoor
*Phoenix dactylifera
{Arecaceae}
Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as date or date palm,is a flowering plant spe-
cies in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. Although its
exact place of origin is uncertain because of long cultivation, it probably originated
from the Fertile Crescent region straddling between Egypt and Mesopotamia.
The species is widely cultivated across Northern Africa, the Middle East, The Horn
of Africa and South Asia, and is naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions
worldwide.Dactylifera is the type species of genus Phoenix, which contains 12–19
species of wild date palms, and is the major source of commercial production.
Dates have been a staple food of the Middle East and the Indus Valley for thousands
of years. There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in Arabia from the 6th
millennium BCE. The total annual world production of dates amounts to 8.5 million
metric tons, countries of the Middle East and North Africa being the largest producers

Green Wall
INSPIRIA’S NEW ECO INITIATIVE
#inspiriagreenwall
Inspiria’s green wall is a great initiative to re-
duce the carbon footprints of the campus build-
ing. By filtering out the carbondioxide and other
pollutants from the air, the green wall keeps the
air in the campus fresh and clean, besides pro-
viding a great spot for selfies!
A green wall or vertical garden is basically a wall, or part of a wall, featuring green
shrubs growing on tiny, slightly inclining pots that are attached vertically to the wall.
The green wall adds a fresh, natural ambience to a complex and is effective in reduc-
ing the carbon footprint of the place. Green walls are become quite a trend recently
and have been put up in educational institutions, railway stations, public places, hous-
ing complexes and big office. Their benefits are two-folds – first for landscape orna-
mentation and second as a means to induce cleaner environments in public places.
Common name
1. Money Plant
2. Syngonium
3. Lavender
4. Rio Red
5. Jade Plant
6. Ixora
7. Golden Fern
8. Green Fern
9. Asparagus
Botanical name
Epipremnum aureum
Syngonium podophyllum
Lavandula
Citrus paradisi
Crassula ovata
Ixora coccinea
Acrostichum aureum
Nephrolepis exaltata
Asparagus officinalis

Most green walls come with an integrated watering system because plants growing
on vertical walls cannot be watered via traditional systems using water cans or a
hose. Vertical gardens contribute to enhanced energy efficiency and a subsequent
decrease in carbon emissions.
As an institution, Inspiria Knowledge Campus has always emphasized upon the need
for environment preservation through its initiatives towards realization of the idea of
sustainable development. Recently the addition of the unique green wall has further
reduced the carbon footprint on the campus.The wall provides an ornamented display
of attractive plants adding to the beauty of the place, besides serving as an ideal spot
for selfie clicking!
The benefits of green walls
Makes the work place, fresh, clean, healthy and
attractive, reducing absenteeism and boosting
participative quotient among the work force.
Effective in the reduction of smog and urban
heat island effect
Clears the air of dusts and other pollutants
Makes interior air healthier by removing
harmful toxins like benzene and formaldehyde
Serves as an excellent means towards
eliminating sound pollution
Insulates and cools the building complex
In urban settings, vertical green walls can
also be used to grow food crops such as
tomatoes, strawberries, capsicums.
Makes the complex friendly for birds and
beneficial insects

THE BEST TIME TO PLANT A TREE
WAS 20 YEARS AGO.
THE SECOND BEST TIME IS
NOW.

Inspiria Greenbook

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