Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) involves using computers to support and enhance language teaching and learning. CALL encompasses issues related to materials design, technologies, pedagogical theories, and modes of instruction. CALL materials can be either generic software adapted for language learning, or software designed specifically for language learning. The history of CALL began in the 1960s with mainframe computers used for drill-and-practice activities. CALL expanded in the 1980s with the rise of microcomputers and word processing. Today, CALL utilizes various technologies like the Internet, blogs, podcasts, and more. Related disciplines include human-computer interaction, instructional technology, psychology, and applied linguistics.

1. TSL641: CALL Lecture 1 : Introduction

2. Introduction to CALL Definition CALL Applications/Materials History of CALL Disciplines Related to CALL CAI Generic CALL Microsoft Words Content

4. This term is widely used to refer to the area of technology and second language teaching and learning despite the fact that revisions for the term are suggested regularly (Chapelle, 2001, p. 3). What is CALL? Definition

8. Materials for CALL can include those which are purpose-made for language learning and those which adapt existing computer-based materials, video and other materials (Beatty, 2003, pp. 7-8). What is CALL?

10. CELL - Computer-enhanced language learning: suggests the computer's role is to make learning better

11. TELL - Technology-enhanced language learning: this accommodates more than just computers, often bringing in video and seeing the computer as just one part of a larger system. It is increasingly popular as a generic term

12. TALL - Technology-assisted language learning: variant of CALL and TELL

13. CALI - Computer-assisted language instruction: with "instruction" in it, it's more teaching oriented

14. CBLT - Computer-based language training: views elements of language learning as "training" and tends to use an approach with definable, measurable objectives

15. IT and ICT - Information Technology/Information and Communication Technologies are common acronyms outside of language teaching, particularly in Europe; sometimes this is presented as IT or ICT for LT (Language Teaching)

16. NBLT - Network-Based Language Teaching: focuses on computer-mediated communication and the webOther Acronyms

18. Generic Software Application

19. CALL Software ApplicationCALL Applications/Materials

21. Multi-purpose programsNOT designed for language learning and teaching’

22. E.g. – MS Words, MS Power Point, MS Excel

23. Writing, quizzes, teaching

24. Computer-mediated-communication (CMC) E-mail, weblog, chat, discussion group, SMS etc

25. Writing, grammar, speaking, listening

26. Web-Browser – using the World Wide Web for Language teaching and learning

27. Authoring Package – Macromedia Flash, Director, ToolBook, Authorware (can be used for any subjects)CALL Applications/Materials

28. Generic Adaptation of existing computer-based materials, videos and others. Extremely useful in language teaching when used in well-designed activities which seek to apply aspects of the functionality of the software to language learning situations. For example, the use of a word-processor to encourage drafting, critical reflection and editing is an excellent use of generic software to further a number of language learning objectives. CALL Applications/Materials

30. Programs designed specifically to promote language learning

31. Designed to promote explicit or implied language learning objectives and are usually based on the software authors' beliefs about the ways in which students learn languages. CALL Applications/Materials

33. Can be content-specificin that the teacher cannot change the linguistic content or the format of the activities which seek to teach that content.

34. Multimedia software supplied on CD-ROM is content-specific because it is impossible to make any changes to itCALL Applications/Materials

36. Example:

37. Wida’s Authoring Suite :

38. http://www.wida.co.uk/frame.htm

39. Hot Potato

40. http://www.englishquizzes.prv.pl

41. WinCALISCALL Applications/Materials

42. CALL Applications-Authoring Software

43. CALL Applications- Authoring Software

44. CALL Applications-Authoring Sofware

45. CALL Applications-Authoring Software

46. CALL Applications-Authoring Software

48. JClic: A freeware application, formerly know simply as CLIC, developed by FrancescBusquets, for the development of multimedia activities for language learners. With JClic you can create different types of activities: puzzles, associations, crosswords, identification activities, exploration activities, open-ended answers, multiple choice, etc. CALL Applications – Authoring Software

50. Hot Potatoes: This software was especially developed to create Web-based language exercises, including multiple choice, gap-filling, matching, jumbled sentences, crosswords and short text entry. It is used extensively on websites that provide interactive exercises and tests. Visit the Hot Potatoes website to find out more, download the software and see lots of examples: http://hotpot.uvic.ca. See Winke & MacGregor (2001) for a review of Hot Potatoes. CALL Applications – Authoring Software

52. Quandary, a package from the Hot Potatoes team (see above).What is an Action Maze?

53. Quia: Includes lots of ready-made examples in foreign languages and a variety of other subjects - all submitted by keen registered users.

54. TaskMagic by mdlsoft.co.uk is another easy-to-use authoring package, ideally suited for creating exercises suitable for children of secondary school age. It includes a range of multiple-choice, gap-filling and matching exercises, including exercises containing audio stiumuli.

55. SpellMaster, a simple authoring package for creating vocabulary exercises.

56. Vokabel: Vocabulary Training Exercises. Choose an exisiting quiz of create your own.

57. Crossword Puzzles:

58. Instant Online Crossword Puzzle Maker at http://www.puzzle-maker.com/CW/.

59. Here's another one, called EclipseCrossword: http://www.greeneclipsesoftware.com/eclipsecrossword/. CALL Applications – Authoring Software

61. Confined to universities with prestigious computer science department

62. Only on big mainframe computers

63. The PLATO Project (1960, University of Illinois)

64. Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations

65. A drill & practice materials – more on vocabulary and grammar drill

66. TICCIT project (1971, Brigham Young University) (Time-Shared, Interactive, Computer Controlled Information Television)

67. Combined TV and computerHistory of CALL

69. Microcomputer boom

70. Apple the most popular

71. Boom in CALL as well

72. CALL reached the masses

73. The professional associations CALICO (1983) & EUROCALL (1986) are established

74. Teachers were more involved in CALL design

75. Word-processing came into the picture

76. Hypercard & Storyboard

77. An authoring system was popular

78. Text-production (non-linear)

79. Reconstruct a text, word by word, History of CALL

81. Advent of the Web, the Internet, the world wide network of networks

82. Publically available in 1993

83. In Malaysia probably around 1996

84. Websites

85. Email

86. Discussion groups

87. ChatsHistory of CALL

89. Broadband becomes more widely available, opening up new possibilities for delivering audio and video materials via the Web.

90. Blogs and podcasts appear.

91. You Tube etc

92. And many more technologies will appear

93. Thus, CALL will evolve, as technologies advancesHistory of CALL

94. Web 2.0 Refers to what is perceived as a second generation of web development and web design. It is characterized as facilitating communication, information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design[1] and collaboration on the World Wide Web. It has led to the development and evolution of web-based communities, hosted services, and web applications. Examples include social-networking sites, video-sharing sites, wikis, blogs, mashups and folksonomies. History of CALL

95. WEB 2.0

96. WEB 3.0 The predicted third generation of the World Wide Web, usually conjectured to include semantictagging of content. Does not exist yet. FUTURE OF CALL

97. Disciplines Related to CALL Human-Computer Interaction Instructional Technology and Design Psychology Educational Technology Applied Linguistics Disciplines Related to CALL Artificial Intelligence Computer-Assisted Assessment Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. Corpus Linguistics Computational Linguistics

99. Traditional Term

100. Computers are used ‘to guide the user through a prescribed course of learning and testing.

101. The computer assumes the role of teacher, asking questions and assessing the user’s responses

102. It refers to the use of computer as a tool to facilitate and improve instruction.

103. All are approaches to present topics and test students’ understanding.CAI – Computer Assisted Instruction

105. Exercises for practice

106. Tutorials

107. Learning points

108. Simulation

109. Real situations (e.g. flight simulations)

110. Problem Solving

111. Series of problems and questions to be solved

112. Instructional Games

113. Learning via games

114. Test

115. Online TOEFL etc.

116. All types of programs can be combined into one courseware or websites Types of CAI - Programs

117. Drills & Practice http://a4esl.org/q/h/mc001-ck.html

118. Drills and Practice

119. Tutorials

120. Simulations - http://www.lclark.edu/~krauss/tesol98/prejsim.html

121. Simulations - http://www.lclark.edu/~krauss/tesol98/prejsim.html

122. Problem-Solving - http://www.mrt.ac.lk/eltc/activ.html

123. Games- http://www.englishclub.com/esl-games/hangman.htm

124. Test – e.g. TOEFL

125. Thank You Please visit the blog for today’s lecture notes