2. Alternative Source Of Energy
 Nuclear Power
(fission and fusion)
 Solar
Energy
 Geothermal
Energy

3. Nuclear fission takes place when a large, somewhat
unstable isotope (atoms with the same number of
protons but different number of neutrons) is bombarded
by high-speed particles, usually neutrons.
This splits the target nucleus and breaks it down into
two smaller isotopes (the fission products), three high-
speed neutrons, and a large amount of energy.
 Nuclear Fission releases heat energy by splitting
atoms.
The high-speed electrons that are ejected become
projectiles that initiate other fission reactions, or chain
reactions.
Nuclear Power (fission and fusion)

4. A nuclear power uses uranium as a "fuel.“
 Inside the reactor of an atomic power plant,
uranium atoms are split apart in a controlled
chain reaction.
 The reaction also creates radioactive
material.
Nuclear Power (fission and fusion)

5.  Nuclear fusion refers to the “union of atomic
nuclei to form heavier nuclei resulting in the
release of enormous amounts of energy”.
 Fusion takes place when two low-mass
isotopes, typically isotopes of hydrogen,
unite under conditions of extreme pressure
and temperature.
This gives off heat and light and other
radiation.
Nuclear Power (fission and fusion)

6. Nuclear Power (fission and fusion)

7. Solar Energy
Solar panels convert the sun's light in to
usable solar energy
 Photovoltaic (PV) effect
-The process of converting light (photons)
to electricity (voltage)
 Solar energy technologies use the sun's
energy and light to provide heat, light, hot
water, electricity, and even cooling, for
homes, businesses, and industry.

8. Current technologies allow us to use solar energy
in three ways:
1. Passive solar Heating
- absorb and stores the Sun’s heat directly
2. Active Solar Heating
- absorb the Sun’s energy and use it to heat
water.
3. Electricity produce by Solar cells
- produces electricity directly from sunlight
Solar Energy

9. Solar Energy
Solar Energy Technologies:
Solar Hot
Water
Passive Solar Heating and
Daylighting
Photovoltaic Systems
Solar Electricity

10.  Solar cells convert sunlight directly into
electricity.
 They are made of semiconducting materials
similar to those used in computer chips
 The performance of a solar cell is measured in
terms of its efficiency at turning sunlight into
electricity. Only sunlight of certain energies will work
efficiently to create electricity, and much of it is
reflected or absorbed by the material that make up
the cell .
 The first solar cells, built in the 1950s, had
efficiencies of less than 4%.
Photovoltaic Systems
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/s
olar-energy/tech/solarpv.html

11. Solar Hot Water
Sun can be used to heat water
used in buildings and swimming
pools.
 Solar water heating systems for
buildings have two main parts:
a solar collector and a storage
tank
 Solar water heating systems
can be either active or passive,
but the most common are active systems.

12. Use the sun's heat to produce electricity.
Three main types of concentrating solar
power systems: parabolic-
trough, dish/engine, and power tower.
 Parabolic-trough systems concentrate the
sun's energy through long rectangular,
curved (U-shaped) mirrors.
Solar Electricity

13.  A dish/engine system uses a
mirrored dish (similar to a very
large satellite dish). The dish-
shaped surface collects and
concentrates the sun's heat onto
a receiver, which absorbs the heat
and transfers it to fluid within the
engine.
Solar Electricity
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com
/solarenergy/tech/solarconcentrating.ht
ml

14. A power tower system uses a large field of
mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto the top
of a tower, where a receiver sits. This heats
molten salt flowing through the receiver.
Then, the salt's heat is used to generate
electricity through a conventional steam
generator.
Solar Electricity

15.  Buildings designed for passive solar heating
usually have large, south-facing windows.
Materials that absorb and store the sun's
heat can be built into the sunlit floors and
walls. The floors and walls will then heat up
during the day and slowly release heat at
night, when the heat is needed most. This
passive solar design feature is called direct
gain.
Passive Solar Heating and Daylighting

16. Other passive solar heating design:
A sunspace is much like a greenhouse. As
sunlight passes through glass or other
glazing, it warms the sunspace.
A trombe wall is a very thick, south-facing
wall, which is painted black and made of a
material that absorbs a lot of heat.
Daylighting is simply the use of natural
sunlight to brighten up a building's interior.
Passive Solar Heating and Daylighting

17. Geothermal Energy
http://www.renewableenergyworld.co
m/geothermal-energy/tech.html
The Earth's heat-called geothermal
energy-escapes as steam at a hot
springs in Nevada. Credit: Sierra Pacific
Power plant in Tongonan, region
Ormoc City, Leyte (Picture: PNOC)

18. Geothermal energy is the heat from the
Earth. Resources of geothermal energy range
from the shallow ground to hot water and hot
rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's
surface, and down even deeper to the
extremely high temperatures of molten rock
called magma.
Geothermal Energy

19. Geothermal Energy Technologies
Geothermal Electricity
Production
Geothermal Direct
Use
Geothermal Heat
Pumps

20. Geothermal Electricity Production
Most power plants need steam
generate electricity.
There are three types of the
geothermal power plants:
dry steam, flash
steam, and binary cycle.
http://www.renewableenergyworld.co
m/geothermal-
energy/tech/geoelectricity.html

21. Dry steam power plants draw from
underground resources of steam. The steam
is piped directly from underground wells to
the power plant, where it is directed into a
turbine/generator unit.
 Flash steam power plants use geothermal
reservoirs of water with temperatures greater
than 360°F (182°C).
Geothermal Electricity Production

22.  Binary cycle power plants operate on water
at lower temperatures of about 225°-
360°F (107°-182°C). These plants use
the heat from the hot water to boil a working
fluid, usually an organic compound with a low
boiling point. The working fluid is vaporized
in a heat exchanger and used to turn a
turbine.
Geothermal Electricity Production

23. Geothermal reservoirs of hot
water, which are found a couple of
miles or more beneath the Earth's
surface, can also be used to provide
heat directly.
In modern direct-use systems, a well
is drilled into a geothermal reservoir
to provide a steady stream of hot
water. The water is brought up
through the well, and a mechanical
system - piping, a heat exchanger, and controls -
delivers the heat directly for its intended use.
Geothermal Direct Use
http://www.renewableenergyworld
.com/geothermal-
energy/tech/geodirectuse.html

24. Geothermal Heat Pumps
Geothermal heat pump systems
consist of basically three parts: the
ground heat exchanger, the heat
pump unit, and the air delivery
system (ductwork).
In the winter, the heat pump removes
heat from the heat exchanger and
pumps it into the indoor air delivery
system. In the summer, the process
is reversed, and the heat pump
moves heat from the indoor air into
the heat exchanger.http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/geotherm
al-energy/tech/geoheatpumps.html

25. • In the Philippines geothermal energy already provides
27% of the country's total electricity production
generated in power plants. Geothermal power plants
are on the islands Luzon, Negros, Mindanao and
Leyte.
• The production of the electricity by geothermal plants
is cheaper than the electricity produced in plants by
using natural gas and coal. It is even cheaper than
electricity produced by hydro power stations.
• Worldwide, the Philippines rank second to the United
States in producing geothermic energy.
• Leyte is one of the island in the Philippines where
geothermic power plants were developed. The
developments here started in 1977 by the
company PNOC.