Down stream

1. TUTORIAL
DR. GEETHAA SAHGAL, PhD
DOWNSTREAM
PROCESS
LECTURE 12-15

2. LECTURE
12
DOWN STREAM PROCESS

3. LECTURE
13
Release of Intracellular Products

4. LECTURE 14 Concentration techniques used in down stream process

5. •LECTURE 15: Purification of the fermented products by Chromatography techniques
•The formulation process

6. DOWNSTREAM
TECHNOLOGY
LECTURE 12- 15
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

7. LECTURE 12: Down Stream
Process
1. List out the FIVE stages in down stream process. (Slide 7)
2. Describe the FOUR solid-liquid separation methods. (slide 8)
3. Illustrate THREE type of filtration used in clarification of fermentation broth. (slide 10,12
and 14)
4. Describe rotary drum vacuum filter with suitable diagram. (slide 15 & 16)
5. Discuss on centrifugation method used to clarify the fermentation broth (slide 17).
6. List down the FOUR type of centrifugation method with suitable diagram (slide 18 and
19).
7. Describe tubular bowl centrifuge technique used to clarify the fermentation broth. (slide
20).
8. Describe flotation with suitable diagram. (slide 24 & 25)
9. Illustrate flocculation method used in solid-liquid separation. (slide 24 & 26)

8. LECTURE 13: Release of Intracellular
Products
1. Describe the major problems in releasing the intracellular components. (slide 3)
2. List down the mechanical and non-mechanical methods used to disrupt the cells. (slide 4)
3. Discuss the chemical methods used to lysis cells to release intracellular components (slide
6 to 8).
4. Illustrate enzymatic method used to release intracellular components. (slide 11 &12)
5. Describe on ultrasonication method. (slide 15)
6. Describe the osmotic shock and the disadvantages. (slide 15)
7. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of thermolysis method. (slide 17)
8. Describe high pressure homogenization with suitable diagram (slide 18 &19)
9. Discuss bead mill method with suitable diagram (slide 20 – 22).

9. LECTURE 14 : Concentration technique in downstream
process
1. Describe FOUR types of evaporation method used to concentrate extracted microbial enzymes.
(slide 5 & 6)
2. Discuss the FOUR type of low molecular weight products in liquid-liquid extraction method (slide 8
& 9)
3. Describe aqueous two-phase systems with suitable diagram. (slide 10 &11)
4. Illustrate the reverse micelles formation extraction techniques (12 & 13).
5. Discuss the techniques used to extract high molecular weight products (slide 10 to 13)
6. Discuss Podbielniak contractor’s principle, applications, advantages and disadvantages ( slide 14 -16)
7. Discuss FOUR membrane filtration technique used to concentrate the fermentation products with
suitable diagram. (slide 18 – 23)
8. Describe precipitation method used to concentrate the fermentation products. (slide 24 & 25)

10. 1. Discuss on types of chromatography listed below with suitable diagram
i. Adsorption chromatography (slide 4)
ii. Affinity chromatography (slide 5)
iii. Gel filtration chromatography (slide 6 & 7)
iv. Ion exchange chromatography (slide 8 & 9)
v. High performance liquid chromatography (slide 10 & 11)
2. Discuss on the spray and freeze drying method use to formulate the fermentation
products (slide 13).
LECTURE 15: Purification by
Chromatography