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Some notes on Gestalt learning theory
- 1. Some notes on „Gestalt” (This is in no way intended to constitute a proper introduction, but to accompany the selective discussion in class.) 10 February 2010 See also http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/gestalt.htm and links from there.
- 4. Necker cube This is just a two-dimensional pattern—but you can’t see it as such. It insists on being 3-d
- 5. Necker cube More than that—is this face the front or the back?
- 6. Necker cube Ditto this?
- 7. I didn’t use this one; it’s a great illusion, but what is the teaching point? (Perhaps it is that the quality of the illustration is not the point!
- 8. Faces or Vase? This is the classic “figure-ground” issue studied by the Gestalt pioneers.
- 9. The appearance and disappearance of the black dots may represent the brain’s search for pattern...
- 10. Response to overload— habituation and exhaustion may account for this
- 11. Which circle in the middle is bigger? They’re both the same. (Measure them) But we are influenced by context
- 12. What is it?
- 13. Dog sniffing among leaves
- 14. Old or young woman?
- 16. Even when the parts make sense, but the whole? M C Escher, Waterfall , 1961.
- 21. What are they?
- 22. What are they? Ship arriving too late to save a drowning witch
- 23. What are they? Worm wriggling across a razor blade
- 24. What are they? Koala climbing a tree
- 26. OK, you got the others, But this a woman in a dressing-gown bending down to stroke her cat.
- 28. Learning curves Knowledge/ skill Time Notional behavioural curve The learning curve produced operant conditioning may look something like this
- 29. Learning curve (2) Notional Gestalt curve “ Ah-hah” or “ knack” This one includes a “step” (exaggerated here) characteristic of a break- through or flash of insight Knowledge/ skill Time Notional behavioural curve
- 30. K öhler’s chimps 1 Such insight may reasonably be inferred to be demonstrated by one of Kohler’s apes deliberately piling up boxes to get at out-of-reach bananas
- 31. K öhler’s chimps 2 (1925) Or this one, using shorter sticks to get a longer one to reach the fruit.
- 32. Betty the crow Or this New Caledonian Crow bending a wire into a hook to fish food out of a tumbler. Search for Betty Crow video for video
- 34. “ Range of Convenience” What kind of theory is best for illuminating what kind of learning? Incremental skill acquisition “ Penny dropping” Academic study … . Behavioural ? Gestalt ? Cognitive ? ? … .
- 35. References and Links at http://www.bedspce.org.uk/mod2/2010/02/10-february-gestalt-etc.html (c) James Atherton 2010
Editor's Notes
- Classic optical “illusion”: you are looking at the cube from above or from below, and switch between them; what is difficult is to see it as a purely two-dimensional pattern.
- Classic optical “illusion”: you are looking at the cube from above or from below, and switch between them; what is difficult is to see it as a purely two-dimensional pattern.
- Classic optical “illusion”: you are looking at the cube from above or from below, and switch between them; what is difficult is to see it as a purely two-dimensional pattern.
- Same again—despite the picture not actually being quite symmetrical. Technically, this is the figure/ground problem. Our brains are trying to decide what is being represented, and what is the background
- Which do you see? Get students involved in explaining to those who can’t see both. One pattern can become extablished almost to the exclusion of another.
- This is a concave image: the inside of a mask. The light is coming from the viewer’s right. It is possible to hold this view for a few moments but our minds insist on popping it back the other way as soon as we relax.
- The preceding examples were contrived
- Silly interlude: get suggestions! Top left: ship arriving too late to save a drowning witch Bottom left: worm sliding across a razor-blade Bottom right: bear climbing a tree
- Silly interlude: get suggestions! Top left: ship arriving too late to save a drowning witch Bottom left: worm sliding across a razor-blade Bottom right: bear climbing a tree
- Silly interlude: get suggestions! Top left: ship arriving too late to save a drowning witch Bottom left: worm sliding across a razor-blade Bottom right: bear climbing a tree
- Silly interlude: get suggestions! Top left: ship arriving too late to save a drowning witch Bottom left: worm sliding across a razor-blade Bottom right: bear climbing a tree