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tEew vkSj d'ehj ds fy, okrkZdkjksa dk lewg


tEew vkSj d'ehj dh turk ds lkFk ,d u;k le>kSrk



                    vafre izfrosnu



      jk/kk dqekj                    ,e-,e
                                     ,e-,e--valkjh


                               odj
                    fnyhi iMxk¡odj
                         vè;{k




                    ewy vaxzth fjiksVZ dk xSj&ljdkjh fgUnh vuqokn
                            s
                                                               rk(
                                     }kjk & MkW- egs’k pUnz xqIrk(
                             iwoZ funs’kd ¼jktHkk”kk½ x`g ea=ky;
                                                                1
dk;Zlk/kd lkjka'k
                                                  I
        bl izfrosnu dh lkexzh eq[;r% tEew vkSj d'ehj ds lc 22 ftyksa esa 700 ls vf/kd
izfrfuf/ke.Myksa vkSj rhu xksyest+ lEesyuksa esa lewgksa ds lkFk okrkZ dk ifj.kke gSA geus 13
vDVwcj 2012 dks viuh fu;qfDr ds ckn ;g lc dk;Z fd;kA izfrfuf/k e.Myksa esa jkT; vkSj
                                ckn
LFkkuh;
LFkkuh; Lrj dh jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ks]a ekuo vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk esa yxs flfoy lkslk;Vh lewgks]a
                                                           es
fodkl vkSj lq'kklu ds dk;Z esa yxs la?kks]a Nk= laxBuks]a 'kSf{kd cU/kq&ckU/koks]a odhyksa ds la?kks]a
i=dkjksa vkSj O;kikfj;ks]a O;kikj la?kks]a et+gch laLFkkvks]a fof'k"V tkfrxr lewgksa ds leqnkf;d
         vkS                                                                 lew
laxBuks]a yM+kbZ ;k LFkkfud fgalk ds dkj.k vius ?kjksa ls mtM+s yksxks]a uo&fuokZfpr iapk;r
lnL;ks]a iqfyl ds mPp vf/kdkfj;ks]a v/kZlSU;cyksa vkSj lsuk dk izfrfuf/kRo FkkA rhu xksy est+
                                                                           FkkA
lEesyuksa esa ftuesa ls nks Jhuxj esa vkSj ,d tEew esa gqvk] ,d lkFk efgyk,a] i<+&fy[ks
                                                                                 s
yksx@Lo;alsod vkSj lkaLd`frd dk;ZdrkZ 'kkfey gq, tks jkT; ds rhuksa {ks=ksa vFkkZr~ tEew] d'ehj
vkSj yn~nk[k ls lacfa /kr FksA


                              es     'kkfey
        ftu rhu cM+h lHkkvksa esa ge 'kkfey gq, muesa dbZ gt+kj lkekU;&ukxfjd vk, vkSj
mUgksus vusd ekeyksa ij vius fopkj izdV fd,A blds lkFk&lkFk Jhuxj esa dsUnzh; dkjkxkj esa
     a
ge ng'krxnksZa vkSj iRFkj ekjus okyksa ls Hkh feys vkSj ekuo vf/kdkjksa ds nq#i;ksx ds rFkkdfFkr
f'kdkj yksxkkssa ds ifjokjksa ls Hkh feysA bl izfrosnu esa tEew vkSj d'ehj ls lacafa /kr O;kid lkfgR;]
                                                                                c
fo}Ùkkiw
fo}Ùkkiw.kZ v/;;u vkSj i=dkjksa }kjk nh xbZ fjiksVsZ]a eq[;/kkjk vkSj eq[;/kkjk ls ckgj ds
                                }kjk
                                                                          rko
jktuhfrd laxBuksa }kjk tkjh fd, x, os izy[k ftuesa jktuhfrd le>kSrk ds izLrko Fks] fpardksa
                                         s
dh jpuk,a] fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ds nkSjku dsUnzh; ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk LFkkfir fofHkUu dk;Zdkjh
lewgksa vkSj vk;ksxksa dh fjiksVsaZ] Hkkjr la?k esa tEew vkSj d'ehj ds foy; ls yxkdj jktuhfrd
lkafo/kkfud fØ;kdykiksa ls lacfa /kr ljdkjh izy[k 'kkfey fd, x, gSA
                                               s 'kkfey           a


                                                                                                    2
II
       d'ehj ?kkVh esa orZeku mRihM+u dh xgjh Hkkouk dk iwjk ys[kk&tks[kk ysdj geus
jktuhfrd le>kSrk izLrkfor fd;k gSA fuf'pr :i ls bl ij iwjh laonu'khyrk ls xkSj djus
                                                              s
dh t:jr gSA blds lkFk&lkFk geus fdlh ,d {ks= ;k ekuo tkrh; ;k /kkfeZd leqnk; ds
ut+fj, ls jkT; dks lrkus okys vla[; ekeyksa dks ns[kus dh Qk¡lksa ls cpus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA


       gekjs lkFk gqbZ okrkZvksa ls ;g irk pyk gS fd turk dh eku&e;kZnk ls thou thus dh
O;kid bPNk gSA fo'ks"kr% mUgksus fuEufyf[kr bPNk,a O;Dr dh gSa %&
                              a
       &       et+gch vfrokn lac/kh lc 'kfDr;ks]a ekuo tkrh; ;k {ks=h; nqjkxzgksa vkSj
                  gch           a
               cgqla[;koknh ml vgaHkko tks lkEiznkf;d vkSj varj{ks=h; HkkbZpkjs dks
                  la                                  vkS
               vLr&O;Lr djrk gS] bu lcls NqVdkjk


       &       ,d vikjn'khZ vkSj xSj&ftEesnkj iz'kklu ls NqVdkjk]


       &       mu vkfFkZd <k¡pkks]sa uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa ls NqVdkjk] tks jkT; ds lc Hkkxksa ds
                                                                   dkjk]
               lexz vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj larqfyr mUufr dks c<+kus lac/kh iz;klksa dks det+kj
                                                                   a                     s
               djrs gSA
                      a


       &       mu lc lkekftd <k¡pksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ls NqVdkjk tks oafpr lkekftd lewgks]a
               vYila[;dksa vkSj efgykvksa dks gkfu igq¡pkrs gSA
                                                              a


       &       mu dBksj dkuwuksa ;k dBksjrk ls ykxw fd, tkus okys dkuwuksa vkSj U;kf;d nsfj;ksa
               ls NqVdkjk ftuds dkj.k mfpr vlgefr okys ekeys lqy> ugha ikrsA


       &       ml vfHk=kl vkSj fgalk ls NqVdkjk ftlds dkj.k yksxksa dks vius i;kZokl
               ¼gSfcVSV½ NksMus ij et+cwj gksuk iM+rk gSA
                             +



                                                                                                     3
&      lc leqnk;ksa dh et+gch] Hkk"kk;h vkSj lkaLÑfrd vfLerk dks fey jgh /kefd;ksa ls
       NqVdkjk


&      izpkj ek/;eks]a i=dkjks]a lwpuk&vf/kdkj dk;ZdrkZvks]a ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa ds fy,
       la?k"kZjr lewgksa vkSj lkaLÑfrd laxBuksa ij cuk, tk jgs nckoksa ls NqVdkjk
                              lka


                                         III
             gS
gekjk fo'okl gS fd fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa ij O;kid lgefr fo|eku gS %&


&                                    nk¡
       lc i.k/kkfj;ksa ¼ftudk lc dqN nk¡o ij yxk gS½ ftuesa os Hkh 'kkfey gSa tks
                                                   }kjk
       eq[;/kkjk ds Hkkx ugha gS]a ds chp laokn ds }kjk tEew&d'ehj esa jktuhfrd
       le>kSrk gksuk pkfg,A


&      yksdra= vkSj cgqyrkokn ds izfr mudk leiZ.k vlafnX/k gksuk pkfg,A


&      Hkkjr la?k ds Hkhrj tEew vkSj d'ehj ,dy lÙkk ds :i esa cuk jguk
       pkfg,A
&      jkT; dh vyx igpku dh xkjaVh nsus okyk vuqPNsn 370 cuk jguk pkfg,A
                                                         cuk
       foxr n'kkfCn;ksa esa gq, blds {kj.k dk iqu% ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd
       blesa mu 'kfDr;ksa dk lekos'k gks tk, ftudh jkT; dks vius rkSj ij yksxksa ds
       dY;k.k ds c<+kos ds fy, t+:jr gSA


&      jkT; ds ukxfjd vkSj Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds ukrs fiNys rukoksa ds fcuk yksx vius
       yksdrkaf=d vf/kdkjksa dk iz;ksx dj ldsa vU;Fkk ikjn'khZ vkSj ftEesnkj 'kklu
       lqfuf'pr ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj u gh Lok/khurk vkSj lkaLÑfrd igpku]
       lEeku vkSj izR;sd O;fDr dh izfr"Bk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldrhA



                                                                                        4
&             d'ehj
                tEew] d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k rhuksa {ks=ksa vkSj fofHkUu ekuo&tkrh; vkSj et+gch
                lewgks]a yM+kb;ksa ;k LFkkfud fgalk ds dkj.k vius ?kjksa ls cs?kj gq, yksxksa ds
                mi {ks=kssa dh fHkUu&fHkUu vkdka{kkvkssa dh iwfrZ ds izfr /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A


        &       {ks=] ftyk] [k.M vkSj iapk;r@uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn Lrj ij fuokZfpr fudk;ksa
                                 vkS k;r@uxj&ikfydk
                dks foÙkh; vkSj iz'kkldh; 'kfDr;ka nsdj l'kDr cuk, tkus dh vko';drk gSA


        &       jkT; dks vkfFkZd :i ls vkRefuHkZjrk nsus ds fy, dsUnz vkSj jkT; ds chp ,d
                ubZ foÙkh; O;oLFkk dh vko';drk gSA blds fy, igkM+h] fiNM+s vkSj nwjLFk {ks=ksa
                vkSj lkekftd :i ls oafpr lewgksa ds fy, fo'ks"k O;oLFkk dh vko';drk gksxhA


        &       fu;a=.k js[kk vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lhek ds vkj&ikj turk] lktks&leku vkSj lsokvksa
                dk ck/kk&jfgr lapyu rRijrk ls lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls vkilh
                                                       fd;k            ftlls
                                                                           nkss
                fgr vkSj vko';drkvksa ds lc {ks=ksa esa iwoZ 'kkgh jkT; ds nkuksa Hkkxksa ds chp
                laLFkkxr lg;ksx gks tk,A


        &       ;g vPNh rjg ls rHkh gks ldrk gS tc ml tEew vkSj d'ehj ds] tks bl le;
                ikfdLrku ds fu;a=.k esa gS] fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa jkT;] {ks=]] mi{ks= Lrj ij
                                                                         =
                yksdrkaf=d 'kklu ds laLFkku LFkkfir gks tk,aA


                                                IV
        bl lgefr ds fuekZ.k ds fy, gekjh laLrqfr gS fd lu~ 1952 ds le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj
gksus ds ckn jkT; esa ykxw gq, Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsnksa vkSj lc dsUnzh; vf/kfu;eksa dh leh{kk
ds fy, lkafo/kkfud lfefr cukbZ tk,A blds iz/kku ,sls izfrf"Br O;fDr gksus pkfg, ftUgsa tEew
   fy,             lf
vkSj d'ehj ds yksxksa vkSj lai.kZ Hkkjr ds yksxksa dk fo'okl izkIr gksA blds lnL;ksa esa ,sls
                              w
lkafo/kkfud fo'ks"kK gksus pkfg,a ftUgsa lc izeq[k i.k/kkfj;ksa dk fo'okl lqyHk gksA blds fu"d"kZ
tks Ng eghus ds Hkhrj izkIr gksus gS]a mu lHkh ij ca/kudkjh gksxA
                                                               a s


                                                                                                   5
lkafo/kkfud lfefr dks gekjs }kjk izLrkfor fuEufyf[kr vk/kkj ij leh{kk djus dk
vfHkns'k ¼esUMsV½ fn;k tk,xkA


        bls ¼ml lfefr dks½ tEew vkSj d'ehj ds nksgjs pfj= dks /;ku esa j[kuk gksxk vFkkZr~ ;g
Hkkjr la?k dh ,d ?kVd bZdkbZ gS vkSj bls Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 370 esa mfYyf[kr mDr
la?k esa fo'ks"k ntkZ izkIr gS vkSj jkT; ds yksxksa dh Hkh nksgjh fLFkfr gS vFkkZr~ os jkT; vkSj Hkkjr
nksuksa ds ukxfjd gSA blfy, bl leh{kk ls ;g fu/kkZj.k djuk gksxk fd D;k vkSj fdl gn rd
                    a blfy,
mu dsUnzh; vf/kfu;eksa vkSj Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds vuqPNsnksa us tks jkT; ij la'kks/ku lfgr ;k
la'kks/ku ds fcuk ykxw fd, x, gS]a tEew vkSj d'ehj dh fo'ks"k fLFkfr ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkyk gS
vkSj jkT; dh turk dk dY;k.k djus okyh ljdkj dh 'kfDr;ksa dks NksVk fd;k gSA lkafo/kkfud
lfefr dks Hkfo";&mUeq[kh gksuk pkfg, vFkkZr~ bls iw.kZr;k jkT; dh 'kfDr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij leh{kk
djuh pkfg, ftudh vko';drk jkT; dks tEew&d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k rhuksa {ks=ksa vkSj blds
mi{ks=ksa ds ykxksksa vkSj leqnk;ksa dh vkdka{kkvks]a f'kdk;rks]a vko';drkvks]a jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd]
             ykssx
lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd fgrksa ls fucVus ds fy, t:jr gSA bl lac/k esa lfefr dks ;g crkuk
                                                              a
iM+xk fd rhuksa {ks=ksa ds 'kklu ds lc Lrjksa ;kfu {ks=h;] ftyk] iapk;r@uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn dks
   s                                                       ftyk] k;r@uxj&ikfydk
                                           foÙkh;
jkT; ljdkj dh rjQ ls fdl ek=k esa fo/kk;h] foÙkh; vkSj iz'kkldh; 'kfDr;ka nh tkuh pkfg,aA


        lkafo/kkfud lfefr dh flQkfj'ksa vke lgefr }kjk dh tkuh pkfg,a ftlls fd os jkT;
                                                  i.k/kkfj;ks
dh fo/kku lHkk vkSj laln esa izfrfuf/kRo izkIr lc i.k/kkfj;ksa dks Lohdk;Z gksA vxyk dne
                                                                              a
jk"Vªifr th dks mBkuk gksxk tks lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 370 ds [k.M ¼1½ vkSj ¼3½ }kjk iznÙk
'kfDr;ksa dk bLrseky djds lkafo/kkfud lfefr dh flQkfj'kksa dk lekos'k djrs gq, ,d vkns'k
                                                                               ,d
                                   vfHkiq
tkjh djds fd;k tk,xkA bl vkns'k dh vfHkiqf"V laln ds nksuksa lnuksa esa ,d fo/ks;d izLrqr
djds dh tk,xh vkSj lkFk&lkFk jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuksa lnuksa esa izR;sd lnu esa ernku
djk ds mifLFkr dqy lnL;ksa ds nks frgkbZ cgqer ds }kjk vfHkiqf"V djkuh vko';d gksxhA blds
                       Lohd
ckn bls jk"Vªifr th dh Lohd``fr ds fy, izLrqr fd;k tk,xkA




                                                                                                    6
bl fØ;kfof/k ds iwjk gksus ij vuqPNsn 370 ds [k.M ¼1½ vkSj ¼3½ fØ;k'khy ugha jgsxs
                                                                                        a
vkSj blds ckn vafre vkns'kk dh rkjh[k ls mDr [k.Mksa ds v/khu jk"Vªifr th ds }kjk dksbZ Hkh
                    vkns'
vkns'k tkjh ugha fd;k tk,xkA




                                                V
        lkafo/kkfud lfefr ds dk;Z dks lqfo/kktud cukus ds fy, ge vius lq>ko uhps lwphc)
dj jgs gSa %&
        ge tEew vkSj d'ehj ds lkFk ,d u;k le>kSrk pkgrs gSA blesa O;kid rkSj ij
                                      u;k                 a
jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd ekeys gksaxA
                                                    s


         ?kVd
jktuhfrd ?kVd % dsUnz jkT; lac/k
                              a
        gekjk fo'okl gS ffd fiNys Ng n'kdksa esa jkT; ij ykxw fd, dsUnzh; dkuwuksa ds cus jgus
              fo'okl d
                 vkifÙk;ka
ls dksbZ tksjnkj vkifÙk;ka iSnk ugha gksuh pkfg,aA mUgsa ml :i esa gh ns[kk tkuk pkfg, tSls os gSa
% vgkfudj dkuwu tks jkT; dks vkSj bldh turk dks ykHkizn jgs gSa vkSj jkT; buds dkj.k
                                                                               dkj.k
varjkZ"Vªh; ekudks]a ekin.Mksa vkSj fofu;eksa ds vuq:i cu ldk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vQhe]
lekpkj&i= vkSj iqLrdksa dk iath;u] et+njh dk Hkqxrku vkSj chek lac/kh dkuwuA
                                       w                          a


        gekjk ;g fo'okl gS fd lkroha vuqlph dh lwph
                                         w                     III   esa ls dqN fo"k; jkT; dks varfjr
                                                                                                  fjr
                        fgrks
dj fn, tk,a rks jk"Vªh; fgrksa ij fo'ks"k izfrdwy izHkko ugha iM+xkA u, le>kSrs ds jktuhfrd
                                                                 s
?kVdksa ds vè;k; esa bl lac/k esa foLr`r lq>ko fn, x, gSA oLrqr% tks Hkfo";&mUeq[kh ekxZ geus
?kVdks                     a                            a
lq>k;k gS & mlesa j.kuhfrd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj jkT; esa lkaLd`frd ifjorZu] lai.kZ Hkkjr es]a
                                                                d`                w
nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks= esa vkSj oS'ohdj.k ds QyLo:i mlds vkxs gksus okys ifjorZuksa ij iwjk /;ku
j[kk tkuk gS & bl ifjiz{; esa Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds mu vuqPNsnksa ij tks jkT; dks ykxw fd, x,
                       s
gSa Rofjr le>kSrk dj ysus esa i.k/kkfj;ksa dks lqxerk gksxhA
                              i.k/kkfj;ks


        fookn ds dqN ekeyksa esa gekjh flQkfj'ksa fuEufyf[kr gSa %&

                                                                                                   7
*   lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 370 ds 'kh"kZd vkSj Hkkx    XXI   ds 'kh"kZd ls ^vLFkk;h* 'kCn gVkukA
    blds ctk, vuqPNsn 371 ¼egkjk"Vª vkSj xqtjkr½] vuqPNsn 371&, ¼ukxkyS.M½] vuqPNsn
    bld                                                                        PNs
                                                                             ns
    371&ch ¼vle½] vuqPNsn 371&lh ¼ef.kiqj½] vuqPNsn 371&Mh vkSj bZ ¼vkU/kz izns'k½]
    vuqPNsn 371&,Q ¼flfDde½] vuqPNsn 371&th ¼fet+ksje½] vuqPNsn 371&,p
    ¼v#.kkpy izn'k½] vuqPNsn 371&vkbZ ¼xksok½ ds v/khu vU; jkT;ksa dh rtZ ij ^fo'ks"k*
                s
    'kCn j[kk tk,A


*   jkT;iky ds p;u ds fy, jkT; ljdkj foi{kh ikfVZ;ksa ls ijke'kZ djds jk"Vªifr dks rhu
            s          gks
    uke HkstxhA vko';d gksus ij jk"Vªifr vf/kd lq>ko ek¡x ldrs gSA jkT;iky dh
                                                                 a
    fu;qfDr jk"Vªifr }kjk dh tk,xh vkSj og jk"Vªifr th dh d`ik ls in/kkj.k djsxkA


*   vuqPNsn 356 % orZeku esa jkT;iky dh dkjZokbZ dks mPpre U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk
            356
    ldrh gSA orZeku O;oLFkk bl ijUrqd ds lkFk tkjh jg ldrh gS fd jkT;iky jkT;
    fo/kku e.My dks fuyfEcr voLFkk esa j[ksxk vkSj rhu eghus ds Hkhrj u, pquko djk,xkA


*   vuqPNsn 312 % vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsokvksa ls fy, tk jgs vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vuqikr /khjs&/khjs
    de fd;k tk,xk vkSj iz'kklfud n{krk esa #dkoV fcuk jkT; dh flfoy lsok ls fy,
    tkus okys vf/kdkfj;ksa dh la[;k c<+kbZ tk,xhA


*   vaxzth esa xouZj vkSj eq[;ea=h ds uke tSls vkt gSa oSls gh jgsxA mnwZ iz;kskx ds nkSjku
        s                                                      jgsa s           s
    mnwZ i;kZ;okph 'kCn bLrseky fd, tk ldrs gSA
                                              a


*   rhu {ks=h; ifj"knsa cukuk ] tEew] d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k ds fy, vyx&vyx ¼yn~nk[k
    vkxs ls d'ehj dk ,d e.My ugha jgsxk½A mUgsa dqN fo/kk;h] dk;Zdkjh vkSj foÙkh;
    'kfDr;ka nh tk,aA lexz iSdV ds Hkkx ds :i esa iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dks jkT; ds Lrj
                              s
    ij] xzke iapk;r] uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn ;k fuxe ds Lrj ij dk;Zdkjh vkSj foÙkh;
    'kfDr;ka Hkh nsuh gksxhA ;s lc fudk; fuokZfpr gksxA efgykvks]a vuqlfw pr
                         a                           a s

                                                                                           8
;dks
        tkfr@tutkfr] fiNM+s oxksZa vkSj vYila[;dksa ds izfrfuf/kRo ds fy, izko/kku gksxA
                                                                                      a s
        ¼Hkkx&VI nsf[k,½
*       fo/kk;d insu lnL; gksx]s ftUgsa ernku dk vf/kdkj gksxkA
                             a
*       laln jkT; ds fy, dksbZ dkuwu rc rd ugha cuk,xh tc rd bldk lac/k ns'k dh
                                                                     a
        vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh lqj{kk ls vkSj blds egRoiw.kZ vkfFkZd fgr] fo'ks"kr% ÅtkZ vkSj
                                     vkS                         fgr]
           la
        ty lalk/kuksa dh miyfC/k ds ekeyksa ls u gksA


*       iwoZ 'kkgh fj;klr ds lc Hkkxksa esa ;s ifjoZru leku :i ls ykxw gksus pkfg,aA fu;a=.k
        js[kk ds vkj&ikj lg;ksx ds fy, lc voljksa dks c<+kok fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blds fy,
        ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj esa i;kZIr lkafo/kkfud ifjorZu vko';d gksxA
                                                                                  a s
*       nf{k.k vkSj e/; ,f'k;k ds chp tEew vkSj d'ehj ,d lsrq cu tk, blds fy, lc mfpr
        mik; djus gksxA
                     a s


                                                    VI
        lkroha vuqlph dh lwph I I esa ls os fo"k; tks jkT; fo/kku e.My ls {ks=h; ifj"knksa dks
                   w
varfjr fd, tk ldrs gS]a gekjh fjiksVZ esa foLrkj esa fn, x, gSA
  rfjr                                                        a


        jkT; fo/kku e.My dks pkfg, fd jkT; fo/kku e.My dks varfjr lwph          III   ds fo"k;ksa esa
                                                            djs
ls {ks=h; ifj"knksa dks dqN fo"k; ns nsus ds ckjs esa fopkj djsA xksj[kkyS.M ij gq, le>kSrs ds ,
vkSj ch Hkkxksa esa lwphc) fo"k;ksa ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA


        iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dks nh tkus okyh foÙkh; vkSj iz'kkldh; 'kfDr;ka Hkkjr ds lafo/kku
ds 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/kuksa dh rtZ ij gksxhA
                                              a


                                                    VII




                                                                                                   9
ch&lkaLÑfrd lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½

jkT;
jkT; ds rhuksa {ks=ksa ds iqu% ,dhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, uhps fy[ks lkaLÑfrd dne mBk,
tk,a %&
          varj vkSj var% d'ehj laokn vkjaHk fd, tk,a] Nk=ks]a ys[kdks]a dykdkjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa
dk vknku&iznku 'kq: fd;k tk,] dykvksa ds fy, mfpr ewyHkwr <k¡pkk cuk;k tk,] cgq&lkaLÑfrd
                              dykvks                         p
ikB~;p;kZ fodflr dh tk,] jkT; dh vusd Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn dh lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk dh tk,]
jkT; dh yksd&ijaijkvksa dks iqu% etcwr fd;k tk,] fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj i;ZVu dks c<+kok
fn;k tk, vkSj jkT; dh Hkk"kkvksa esa jsfM;ks vkSj Vhoh ds dk;ZØe vkjaHk fd, tk,aA


                                              VIII


lh& vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½
          ljdkj & turk dh lk>snkjh ds vk/kkj ij lkekftd&vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa dks c<+kok nsus
ds fy, vU; Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa ds loksZÙke rkSj rjhds viuk, tk,a( m|ksx dks c<+kok nsuss ds fy,
                                                                                 u
fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks= cuk, tk,a ftudk foLrkj mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa dh rtZ ij foÙkh; vkSj vkfFkZd
izkRlkgu nsdj fd;k tk,( d'ehjh gLrf'kYi dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, vkd"kZd fu;kZr izkRlkgu fn,
   s                                                                             s
tk,a( ckxokuh m|ksx esa mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk c<+kus ds fy, rduhdh vkSj foRrh; lgk;rk dk
                                                           rduhdh
foLrkj fd;k tk,( jkT; dh ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj tSo fofo/krk dk laj{k.k fd;k tk,( lqj{kk cyksa ds
vf/kdkj esa tks vkS|ksfxdh laLFkkiu vkSj vU; Hkou gSa mudks 'kh?kz [kkyh djk;k tk,( izkÑfrd
lalk/kuksa ds crkSj tks [kfut vkSj inkFkZ gS]a muds nksgu dk v/;;u fd;k tk,( varjkZ"Vªh; LFkkuksa
                                          gS
ls i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, Jhuxj esa varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Ms dk lapkyu vkjaHk fd;k
tk,( jkT; ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa dks tksMus okys vkSj lhekvksa ds vkj&ikj jsyykbuksa vkSj lM+dksa dh
                                     +
vk/kkjHkwr <kapkxr ifj;kstukvksa dks iwjk djus ds dke esa rsth ykbZ tk,( dsUnzh; {ks= esa fctyh
mRiknu dh ifj;kstukvksa dks jkT; dks ns fn;k tk,( igkM+h] nwjLFk vkSj fiNM+s {ks=ksa dks fo'ks"k
fodkl {ks= ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tk,A



                                                                                               10
,d lexz 'kSf{kd uhfr dk gksukk(( LokLF; ;kstukvksa dk izHkkoh dk;kZUo;u vkSj iapk;rh
                    f{kd
jkt laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls egRoiw.kZ dk;ZØeksa dk dk;kZUo;u Hkh vko';d gSA
                                                IX


dk;Z;kstuk
         bu jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd y{;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, dk;Z;kstuk laokn
fØ;kfof/k dh fo'oluh;rk] eq[; lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ ds dk;kZUo;u vkSj izeq[k
             fo'olu                  ¼fo'okl
i.k/kkfj;ksa ds chp lgefr ds cuus ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
         {ks= esa fLFkfr dk voyksdu djus ij vkSj fiNys 'kkafriz;klksa ls izkIr lh[k ds vk/kkj ij
lqy>ko gsrq fo'oluh; laokn cukus esa uhps fy[ks lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ lgk;d
                                                               LFkkiu
gksxA
   a s
         ¼,½    ekuo vf/kdkjksa vkSj dkuwu ds 'kklu lac/kh lq/kkjksa esa xfr ykukA
                                                       a                     ykukA
                                           okyks
                blesa 'ks"k lc iRFkj ekjus okyksa vkSj jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh fjgkbZ 'kkfey gS]
                                                                                      Vs
                ftu ij xaHkhj vkjksi ugha gS]a ftUgksus igyh ckj vijk/k fd;k gS ;k NksVs&eksVs
                                                     a
                vijk/k djus okys gS]a muds fo#) izFke lwpuk jiVksa dk okfil ysuk] mu
                vkradokfn;ksa dks {kek djuk tks fgalk NksMus dks rS;kj gkssa vkSj mudk iquokZl]
                                                          +
                fgalk ds f'kdkj lc yksxksa dk iquokZl] lqj{kk cyksa dh jkT; ds Hkhrjh {ks=ksa esa ls
                            djuk]
                mifLFkfr de djuk] vkradokn dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, cus fofHkUu vf/kfu;eksa
                ds dk;kZUo;u dh yxkrkj leh{kk vkSj d'ehjh iafMrksa dh okilh lqfuf'pr
                djuk] blds lkFk&lkFk tEew vkSj djfxy ls cs?kj gq, yksxksa dks muds ?kjksa esa
                okfil ykuk ftlls os lqj{kk] lEeku vkSj e;kZnk dk thou O;rhr djsA
                                                                               a
                ikfdLrku fu;af=r d'ehj ls vk, yksxksa dks i;kZIr eqvkot+k nsuk vkSj mudks
                jkT; ds ukxfjd ds rkSj ij ekU;rk nsukA
         ¼ch½
         ¼ch½   ih,l, ¼yksd lqj{kk vf/kfu;e½ dk la'kks/ku vkSj Mh , ¼fMfLVªC;wVM ,fj;k ½ vkSj
                                                                               s
                ,,Q,lih, ¼l'kL= lsuk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ½ dh leh{kk
                 ,Q,lih,
         ¼lh½   iqfyl vkSj turk ds lac/kksa esa lq/kkj
                                      a
         ¼Mh½   lqj{kk laLFkkiuksa ds QSyko dks dqN j.kuhfrd LFkkuksa rd ?kVkdj vkSj
                                                                         ?kVkdj
                rRdky dkjZokbZ ds fy, py&bdkb;ka cukdj ;qfDrlaxr cukuk
                                                                                                   11
¼bZ½     iz/kkuea=h ds dk;Z lewg dh tks fd fo'ks"kr% lhoh,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½
               ij Fkk] flQkfj'kksa dk Rofjr dk;kZUo;u
               *       lc d'ehfj;ks]a eq[;r% iafMrksa ¼fgUnw vYila[;d½ dh jkT; uhfr ds Hkkx
                       ds rkSj ij okilh lqfuf'pr djuk
               *                                                vkS
                       jkT; esa fgalk ds nkSjku gqbZ fo/kokvksa vkSj vukFkksa ds fy, ftuesa
                       vkradokfn;ksa dh fo/kok,a vkSj vukFk 'kkfey gksx]s cgrj lgk;rk vkSj
                                                                      a s
                       iquokZl dh O;oLFkk djuk
               *       fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj Q¡ls gq, d'ehfj;ksa dh okilh lqfuf'pr cukuk]
                       ftuesa ls cgqr ls 'kL=kL= ds izf'k{k.k ds fy, ckgj pys x, Fks fdUrq
                                                    iz 'k{k.k
                       vc 'kkafriwoZd okfil vkuk pkgrs gS]a


      ¼,Q½ fu;a=.k&js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds lac/kksa ij cus iz/kkuea=h ds dk;Zny dh flQkfj'kksa
                                          a
               dk Rofjr dk;kZUo;uA blls gy ds fy, lgefr cukus ds iz;Ruksa esa lgk;rk
               feysxh vkSj bl dk;kZUo;u esa fu;aa=.k&js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds lc ekxksZa dksks
                                            fu;                                     d
               [kksyuk]] cgq&izo'k ijfeV@oht+k }kjk O;kikj vkSj ;k=k
                    uk          s
               lqfo/kktud cukuk 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,A


      ¼th½     vfpfUg~r dczksa dh igpku ds fy, ,d U;kf;d vk;ksx cuk;k tk, ftlesa [kks
               x,@ykirk O;fDr;ksa dh igpku ij tksj jgs
                       bu lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ esa ls vf/kdka'k dk vkaf'kd
               dk;kZUo;u gqvk gSA csgrj dk;kZUo;u ds fy, bl lewg dh flQkfj'ksa dh lhch,e
               ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ ds izcks/ku ds fy, ,d l'kDr lewg cuk;k tk,A


laokn izfØ;k
      jktuhfrd laokn ds flyflys dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, lewg dh fuEufyf[kr flQkfj'k
                        flyflys
      gSa %&
      ¼,½      ftruk 'kh?kz gks lds Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj gqfjZ;r ds chp laokn vkjaHk fd;k tk,A
               bl laokn ls izR;{k ifj.kke vkus pkfg,a vkSj bls vck/k cuk;k tk,A
                                                                                              12
¼ch½    lhlh ¼lkafo/kkfud lfefr½ }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ flQkfj'kksa vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj &
                gqfjZ;r ds laokn ls mHkjs fcUnqvksa ij laokn ds fy, ikfdLrku vkSj ikfdLrku
                fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj dks rS;kj djuk pkfg,A
        ¼lh½    fu;a=.k js[kk ds nksuksa rjQ tEew vkSj d'ehj ds fy, flfoy lksl;Vh ds chp
                      dks
                laidZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds chp le>kSrk djuk



                                              X
               fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds lac/kksa dks lqlxr cukuk
                                              a            a

        mu izfrfuf/k eaMyksa esa ls ftuls ge feys] vf/kdka'k dk ;g fo'okl gS fd tc rd iwoZ
                                  ikfdLrkuh kklu
'kkgh fj;klr ds mu Hkkxksa ij tks ikfdLrkuh iz'kklu ds v/khu gS]a Hkh izLrkfor gy ykxw u gks]
rc rd dksbZ LFkk;h ;k nh?kZdkyhu gy ugha fudy ldrkA ;g fLFkfr lu~ 1994 ds laln~ ds
ml izLrko ds vuqdy gS ftlesa iwoZ 'kkgh fj;klr ds iwjs Hkkx ij le>kSrs dh vis{kk FkhA
                 w
ikfdLrku fu;af=r Hkkxksa dk iz'kklu Hkkjh :i esa cnyk gSA ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj
fQygky nks Hkkxksa esa c¡Vk gS] ftuds jktuhfrd Lrj fHkUu&fHkUu gSA jkT; dh tu&lkaf[;dh
                                                                 a
mYys[kuh; rkSj ij cnyh gS tks fd ikfdLrku ds vU; izkUrksa ls vk, gq, yksxksa ds dkj.k gqbZ gSA
        dsUnz&jkT; lac/kksa dks lqlxr cukus vkSj {ks=h;] jkT; vkSj iapk;r@uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn
                      a            a
ds Lrjksa ij fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj 'kfDr;ka nsus dh dksf'k'k dks lqlxr cukus ds fy,
                                                                       a
ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew&d'ehj esa cM+s iSekus ij lkafo/kkfud ifjorZu vko';d gksxA ;fn bl
                                                                             a s
ij lgefr gks tk, rks blls fodkl] lalk/ku fuekZ.k vkSj vU; nqrjQh ekeyksa ds fy, fu;a=.k
js[kk ds vkj&ikj la;qDr laLFkkuksa dks cukus esa bl lqlxfrdj.k ls vklkuh gksxhA blfy, bl
                     Dr                             lq a
lewg dh flQkfj'k gS fd bu ekeyksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ fu;a=.k js[kk ds nwljs rjQ ds lacfa /kr
izfrfuf/k;ksa ls dh tk,A
                                             XI




                                                                                             13
varr% bl lewg dh ;g flQkfj'k gS fd gy dh [kkst dks Hkkjr&IkkfdLrku okrkZ ij
                                                      dks
voyafcr u fd;k tk,A ;fn tEew vkSj d'ehj esa i.k/kkjh le>kSrs ds fy, lger gksa rks
ikfdLrku ds Hkh 'kkfey gksus ds fy, }kj lnk [kqys j[ks tk ldrs gSA
                                                                 a


       tSlk fd iz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag us dgk gS iz/kku y{; gS fu;a=.k js[kk dks vlaxr
cukukA
cukukA ;g lkSgknZ vkSj lg;ksx dk izrhd cu tk,A
                                           ***




                                                                                   14

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Executive summery on J&k- Interlocuters' Report

  • 1. tEew vkSj d'ehj ds fy, okrkZdkjksa dk lewg tEew vkSj d'ehj dh turk ds lkFk ,d u;k le>kSrk vafre izfrosnu jk/kk dqekj ,e-,e ,e-,e--valkjh odj fnyhi iMxk¡odj vè;{k ewy vaxzth fjiksVZ dk xSj&ljdkjh fgUnh vuqokn s rk( }kjk & MkW- egs’k pUnz xqIrk( iwoZ funs’kd ¼jktHkk”kk½ x`g ea=ky; 1
  • 2. dk;Zlk/kd lkjka'k I bl izfrosnu dh lkexzh eq[;r% tEew vkSj d'ehj ds lc 22 ftyksa esa 700 ls vf/kd izfrfuf/ke.Myksa vkSj rhu xksyest+ lEesyuksa esa lewgksa ds lkFk okrkZ dk ifj.kke gSA geus 13 vDVwcj 2012 dks viuh fu;qfDr ds ckn ;g lc dk;Z fd;kA izfrfuf/k e.Myksa esa jkT; vkSj ckn LFkkuh; LFkkuh; Lrj dh jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ks]a ekuo vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk esa yxs flfoy lkslk;Vh lewgks]a es fodkl vkSj lq'kklu ds dk;Z esa yxs la?kks]a Nk= laxBuks]a 'kSf{kd cU/kq&ckU/koks]a odhyksa ds la?kks]a i=dkjksa vkSj O;kikfj;ks]a O;kikj la?kks]a et+gch laLFkkvks]a fof'k"V tkfrxr lewgksa ds leqnkf;d vkS lew laxBuks]a yM+kbZ ;k LFkkfud fgalk ds dkj.k vius ?kjksa ls mtM+s yksxks]a uo&fuokZfpr iapk;r lnL;ks]a iqfyl ds mPp vf/kdkfj;ks]a v/kZlSU;cyksa vkSj lsuk dk izfrfuf/kRo FkkA rhu xksy est+ FkkA lEesyuksa esa ftuesa ls nks Jhuxj esa vkSj ,d tEew esa gqvk] ,d lkFk efgyk,a] i<+&fy[ks s yksx@Lo;alsod vkSj lkaLd`frd dk;ZdrkZ 'kkfey gq, tks jkT; ds rhuksa {ks=ksa vFkkZr~ tEew] d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k ls lacfa /kr FksA es 'kkfey ftu rhu cM+h lHkkvksa esa ge 'kkfey gq, muesa dbZ gt+kj lkekU;&ukxfjd vk, vkSj mUgksus vusd ekeyksa ij vius fopkj izdV fd,A blds lkFk&lkFk Jhuxj esa dsUnzh; dkjkxkj esa a ge ng'krxnksZa vkSj iRFkj ekjus okyksa ls Hkh feys vkSj ekuo vf/kdkjksa ds nq#i;ksx ds rFkkdfFkr f'kdkj yksxkkssa ds ifjokjksa ls Hkh feysA bl izfrosnu esa tEew vkSj d'ehj ls lacafa /kr O;kid lkfgR;] c fo}Ùkkiw fo}Ùkkiw.kZ v/;;u vkSj i=dkjksa }kjk nh xbZ fjiksVsZ]a eq[;/kkjk vkSj eq[;/kkjk ls ckgj ds }kjk rko jktuhfrd laxBuksa }kjk tkjh fd, x, os izy[k ftuesa jktuhfrd le>kSrk ds izLrko Fks] fpardksa s dh jpuk,a] fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ds nkSjku dsUnzh; ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk LFkkfir fofHkUu dk;Zdkjh lewgksa vkSj vk;ksxksa dh fjiksVsaZ] Hkkjr la?k esa tEew vkSj d'ehj ds foy; ls yxkdj jktuhfrd lkafo/kkfud fØ;kdykiksa ls lacfa /kr ljdkjh izy[k 'kkfey fd, x, gSA s 'kkfey a 2
  • 3. II d'ehj ?kkVh esa orZeku mRihM+u dh xgjh Hkkouk dk iwjk ys[kk&tks[kk ysdj geus jktuhfrd le>kSrk izLrkfor fd;k gSA fuf'pr :i ls bl ij iwjh laonu'khyrk ls xkSj djus s dh t:jr gSA blds lkFk&lkFk geus fdlh ,d {ks= ;k ekuo tkrh; ;k /kkfeZd leqnk; ds ut+fj, ls jkT; dks lrkus okys vla[; ekeyksa dks ns[kus dh Qk¡lksa ls cpus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA gekjs lkFk gqbZ okrkZvksa ls ;g irk pyk gS fd turk dh eku&e;kZnk ls thou thus dh O;kid bPNk gSA fo'ks"kr% mUgksus fuEufyf[kr bPNk,a O;Dr dh gSa %& a & et+gch vfrokn lac/kh lc 'kfDr;ks]a ekuo tkrh; ;k {ks=h; nqjkxzgksa vkSj gch a cgqla[;koknh ml vgaHkko tks lkEiznkf;d vkSj varj{ks=h; HkkbZpkjs dks la vkS vLr&O;Lr djrk gS] bu lcls NqVdkjk & ,d vikjn'khZ vkSj xSj&ftEesnkj iz'kklu ls NqVdkjk] & mu vkfFkZd <k¡pkks]sa uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa ls NqVdkjk] tks jkT; ds lc Hkkxksa ds dkjk] lexz vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj larqfyr mUufr dks c<+kus lac/kh iz;klksa dks det+kj a s djrs gSA a & mu lc lkekftd <k¡pksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ls NqVdkjk tks oafpr lkekftd lewgks]a vYila[;dksa vkSj efgykvksa dks gkfu igq¡pkrs gSA a & mu dBksj dkuwuksa ;k dBksjrk ls ykxw fd, tkus okys dkuwuksa vkSj U;kf;d nsfj;ksa ls NqVdkjk ftuds dkj.k mfpr vlgefr okys ekeys lqy> ugha ikrsA & ml vfHk=kl vkSj fgalk ls NqVdkjk ftlds dkj.k yksxksa dks vius i;kZokl ¼gSfcVSV½ NksMus ij et+cwj gksuk iM+rk gSA + 3
  • 4. & lc leqnk;ksa dh et+gch] Hkk"kk;h vkSj lkaLÑfrd vfLerk dks fey jgh /kefd;ksa ls NqVdkjk & izpkj ek/;eks]a i=dkjks]a lwpuk&vf/kdkj dk;ZdrkZvks]a ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa ds fy, la?k"kZjr lewgksa vkSj lkaLÑfrd laxBuksa ij cuk, tk jgs nckoksa ls NqVdkjk lka III gS gekjk fo'okl gS fd fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa ij O;kid lgefr fo|eku gS %& & nk¡ lc i.k/kkfj;ksa ¼ftudk lc dqN nk¡o ij yxk gS½ ftuesa os Hkh 'kkfey gSa tks }kjk eq[;/kkjk ds Hkkx ugha gS]a ds chp laokn ds }kjk tEew&d'ehj esa jktuhfrd le>kSrk gksuk pkfg,A & yksdra= vkSj cgqyrkokn ds izfr mudk leiZ.k vlafnX/k gksuk pkfg,A & Hkkjr la?k ds Hkhrj tEew vkSj d'ehj ,dy lÙkk ds :i esa cuk jguk pkfg,A & jkT; dh vyx igpku dh xkjaVh nsus okyk vuqPNsn 370 cuk jguk pkfg,A cuk foxr n'kkfCn;ksa esa gq, blds {kj.k dk iqu% ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd blesa mu 'kfDr;ksa dk lekos'k gks tk, ftudh jkT; dks vius rkSj ij yksxksa ds dY;k.k ds c<+kos ds fy, t+:jr gSA & jkT; ds ukxfjd vkSj Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds ukrs fiNys rukoksa ds fcuk yksx vius yksdrkaf=d vf/kdkjksa dk iz;ksx dj ldsa vU;Fkk ikjn'khZ vkSj ftEesnkj 'kklu lqfuf'pr ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj u gh Lok/khurk vkSj lkaLÑfrd igpku] lEeku vkSj izR;sd O;fDr dh izfr"Bk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldrhA 4
  • 5. & d'ehj tEew] d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k rhuksa {ks=ksa vkSj fofHkUu ekuo&tkrh; vkSj et+gch lewgks]a yM+kb;ksa ;k LFkkfud fgalk ds dkj.k vius ?kjksa ls cs?kj gq, yksxksa ds mi {ks=kssa dh fHkUu&fHkUu vkdka{kkvkssa dh iwfrZ ds izfr /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A & {ks=] ftyk] [k.M vkSj iapk;r@uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn Lrj ij fuokZfpr fudk;ksa vkS k;r@uxj&ikfydk dks foÙkh; vkSj iz'kkldh; 'kfDr;ka nsdj l'kDr cuk, tkus dh vko';drk gSA & jkT; dks vkfFkZd :i ls vkRefuHkZjrk nsus ds fy, dsUnz vkSj jkT; ds chp ,d ubZ foÙkh; O;oLFkk dh vko';drk gSA blds fy, igkM+h] fiNM+s vkSj nwjLFk {ks=ksa vkSj lkekftd :i ls oafpr lewgksa ds fy, fo'ks"k O;oLFkk dh vko';drk gksxhA & fu;a=.k js[kk vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lhek ds vkj&ikj turk] lktks&leku vkSj lsokvksa dk ck/kk&jfgr lapyu rRijrk ls lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls vkilh fd;k ftlls nkss fgr vkSj vko';drkvksa ds lc {ks=ksa esa iwoZ 'kkgh jkT; ds nkuksa Hkkxksa ds chp laLFkkxr lg;ksx gks tk,A & ;g vPNh rjg ls rHkh gks ldrk gS tc ml tEew vkSj d'ehj ds] tks bl le; ikfdLrku ds fu;a=.k esa gS] fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa jkT;] {ks=]] mi{ks= Lrj ij = yksdrkaf=d 'kklu ds laLFkku LFkkfir gks tk,aA IV bl lgefr ds fuekZ.k ds fy, gekjh laLrqfr gS fd lu~ 1952 ds le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj gksus ds ckn jkT; esa ykxw gq, Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsnksa vkSj lc dsUnzh; vf/kfu;eksa dh leh{kk ds fy, lkafo/kkfud lfefr cukbZ tk,A blds iz/kku ,sls izfrf"Br O;fDr gksus pkfg, ftUgsa tEew fy, lf vkSj d'ehj ds yksxksa vkSj lai.kZ Hkkjr ds yksxksa dk fo'okl izkIr gksA blds lnL;ksa esa ,sls w lkafo/kkfud fo'ks"kK gksus pkfg,a ftUgsa lc izeq[k i.k/kkfj;ksa dk fo'okl lqyHk gksA blds fu"d"kZ tks Ng eghus ds Hkhrj izkIr gksus gS]a mu lHkh ij ca/kudkjh gksxA a s 5
  • 6. lkafo/kkfud lfefr dks gekjs }kjk izLrkfor fuEufyf[kr vk/kkj ij leh{kk djus dk vfHkns'k ¼esUMsV½ fn;k tk,xkA bls ¼ml lfefr dks½ tEew vkSj d'ehj ds nksgjs pfj= dks /;ku esa j[kuk gksxk vFkkZr~ ;g Hkkjr la?k dh ,d ?kVd bZdkbZ gS vkSj bls Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 370 esa mfYyf[kr mDr la?k esa fo'ks"k ntkZ izkIr gS vkSj jkT; ds yksxksa dh Hkh nksgjh fLFkfr gS vFkkZr~ os jkT; vkSj Hkkjr nksuksa ds ukxfjd gSA blfy, bl leh{kk ls ;g fu/kkZj.k djuk gksxk fd D;k vkSj fdl gn rd a blfy, mu dsUnzh; vf/kfu;eksa vkSj Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds vuqPNsnksa us tks jkT; ij la'kks/ku lfgr ;k la'kks/ku ds fcuk ykxw fd, x, gS]a tEew vkSj d'ehj dh fo'ks"k fLFkfr ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkyk gS vkSj jkT; dh turk dk dY;k.k djus okyh ljdkj dh 'kfDr;ksa dks NksVk fd;k gSA lkafo/kkfud lfefr dks Hkfo";&mUeq[kh gksuk pkfg, vFkkZr~ bls iw.kZr;k jkT; dh 'kfDr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij leh{kk djuh pkfg, ftudh vko';drk jkT; dks tEew&d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k rhuksa {ks=ksa vkSj blds mi{ks=ksa ds ykxksksa vkSj leqnk;ksa dh vkdka{kkvks]a f'kdk;rks]a vko';drkvks]a jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] ykssx lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd fgrksa ls fucVus ds fy, t:jr gSA bl lac/k esa lfefr dks ;g crkuk a iM+xk fd rhuksa {ks=ksa ds 'kklu ds lc Lrjksa ;kfu {ks=h;] ftyk] iapk;r@uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn dks s ftyk] k;r@uxj&ikfydk foÙkh; jkT; ljdkj dh rjQ ls fdl ek=k esa fo/kk;h] foÙkh; vkSj iz'kkldh; 'kfDr;ka nh tkuh pkfg,aA lkafo/kkfud lfefr dh flQkfj'ksa vke lgefr }kjk dh tkuh pkfg,a ftlls fd os jkT; i.k/kkfj;ks dh fo/kku lHkk vkSj laln esa izfrfuf/kRo izkIr lc i.k/kkfj;ksa dks Lohdk;Z gksA vxyk dne a jk"Vªifr th dks mBkuk gksxk tks lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 370 ds [k.M ¼1½ vkSj ¼3½ }kjk iznÙk 'kfDr;ksa dk bLrseky djds lkafo/kkfud lfefr dh flQkfj'kksa dk lekos'k djrs gq, ,d vkns'k ,d vfHkiq tkjh djds fd;k tk,xkA bl vkns'k dh vfHkiqf"V laln ds nksuksa lnuksa esa ,d fo/ks;d izLrqr djds dh tk,xh vkSj lkFk&lkFk jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuksa lnuksa esa izR;sd lnu esa ernku djk ds mifLFkr dqy lnL;ksa ds nks frgkbZ cgqer ds }kjk vfHkiqf"V djkuh vko';d gksxhA blds Lohd ckn bls jk"Vªifr th dh Lohd``fr ds fy, izLrqr fd;k tk,xkA 6
  • 7. bl fØ;kfof/k ds iwjk gksus ij vuqPNsn 370 ds [k.M ¼1½ vkSj ¼3½ fØ;k'khy ugha jgsxs a vkSj blds ckn vafre vkns'kk dh rkjh[k ls mDr [k.Mksa ds v/khu jk"Vªifr th ds }kjk dksbZ Hkh vkns' vkns'k tkjh ugha fd;k tk,xkA V lkafo/kkfud lfefr ds dk;Z dks lqfo/kktud cukus ds fy, ge vius lq>ko uhps lwphc) dj jgs gSa %& ge tEew vkSj d'ehj ds lkFk ,d u;k le>kSrk pkgrs gSA blesa O;kid rkSj ij u;k a jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd ekeys gksaxA s ?kVd jktuhfrd ?kVd % dsUnz jkT; lac/k a gekjk fo'okl gS ffd fiNys Ng n'kdksa esa jkT; ij ykxw fd, dsUnzh; dkuwuksa ds cus jgus fo'okl d vkifÙk;ka ls dksbZ tksjnkj vkifÙk;ka iSnk ugha gksuh pkfg,aA mUgsa ml :i esa gh ns[kk tkuk pkfg, tSls os gSa % vgkfudj dkuwu tks jkT; dks vkSj bldh turk dks ykHkizn jgs gSa vkSj jkT; buds dkj.k dkj.k varjkZ"Vªh; ekudks]a ekin.Mksa vkSj fofu;eksa ds vuq:i cu ldk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vQhe] lekpkj&i= vkSj iqLrdksa dk iath;u] et+njh dk Hkqxrku vkSj chek lac/kh dkuwuA w a gekjk ;g fo'okl gS fd lkroha vuqlph dh lwph w III esa ls dqN fo"k; jkT; dks varfjr fjr fgrks dj fn, tk,a rks jk"Vªh; fgrksa ij fo'ks"k izfrdwy izHkko ugha iM+xkA u, le>kSrs ds jktuhfrd s ?kVdksa ds vè;k; esa bl lac/k esa foLr`r lq>ko fn, x, gSA oLrqr% tks Hkfo";&mUeq[kh ekxZ geus ?kVdks a a lq>k;k gS & mlesa j.kuhfrd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj jkT; esa lkaLd`frd ifjorZu] lai.kZ Hkkjr es]a d` w nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks= esa vkSj oS'ohdj.k ds QyLo:i mlds vkxs gksus okys ifjorZuksa ij iwjk /;ku j[kk tkuk gS & bl ifjiz{; esa Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds mu vuqPNsnksa ij tks jkT; dks ykxw fd, x, s gSa Rofjr le>kSrk dj ysus esa i.k/kkfj;ksa dks lqxerk gksxhA i.k/kkfj;ks fookn ds dqN ekeyksa esa gekjh flQkfj'ksa fuEufyf[kr gSa %& 7
  • 8. * lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 370 ds 'kh"kZd vkSj Hkkx XXI ds 'kh"kZd ls ^vLFkk;h* 'kCn gVkukA blds ctk, vuqPNsn 371 ¼egkjk"Vª vkSj xqtjkr½] vuqPNsn 371&, ¼ukxkyS.M½] vuqPNsn bld PNs ns 371&ch ¼vle½] vuqPNsn 371&lh ¼ef.kiqj½] vuqPNsn 371&Mh vkSj bZ ¼vkU/kz izns'k½] vuqPNsn 371&,Q ¼flfDde½] vuqPNsn 371&th ¼fet+ksje½] vuqPNsn 371&,p ¼v#.kkpy izn'k½] vuqPNsn 371&vkbZ ¼xksok½ ds v/khu vU; jkT;ksa dh rtZ ij ^fo'ks"k* s 'kCn j[kk tk,A * jkT;iky ds p;u ds fy, jkT; ljdkj foi{kh ikfVZ;ksa ls ijke'kZ djds jk"Vªifr dks rhu s gks uke HkstxhA vko';d gksus ij jk"Vªifr vf/kd lq>ko ek¡x ldrs gSA jkT;iky dh a fu;qfDr jk"Vªifr }kjk dh tk,xh vkSj og jk"Vªifr th dh d`ik ls in/kkj.k djsxkA * vuqPNsn 356 % orZeku esa jkT;iky dh dkjZokbZ dks mPpre U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk 356 ldrh gSA orZeku O;oLFkk bl ijUrqd ds lkFk tkjh jg ldrh gS fd jkT;iky jkT; fo/kku e.My dks fuyfEcr voLFkk esa j[ksxk vkSj rhu eghus ds Hkhrj u, pquko djk,xkA * vuqPNsn 312 % vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsokvksa ls fy, tk jgs vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vuqikr /khjs&/khjs de fd;k tk,xk vkSj iz'kklfud n{krk esa #dkoV fcuk jkT; dh flfoy lsok ls fy, tkus okys vf/kdkfj;ksa dh la[;k c<+kbZ tk,xhA * vaxzth esa xouZj vkSj eq[;ea=h ds uke tSls vkt gSa oSls gh jgsxA mnwZ iz;kskx ds nkSjku s jgsa s s mnwZ i;kZ;okph 'kCn bLrseky fd, tk ldrs gSA a * rhu {ks=h; ifj"knsa cukuk ] tEew] d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k ds fy, vyx&vyx ¼yn~nk[k vkxs ls d'ehj dk ,d e.My ugha jgsxk½A mUgsa dqN fo/kk;h] dk;Zdkjh vkSj foÙkh; 'kfDr;ka nh tk,aA lexz iSdV ds Hkkx ds :i esa iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dks jkT; ds Lrj s ij] xzke iapk;r] uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn ;k fuxe ds Lrj ij dk;Zdkjh vkSj foÙkh; 'kfDr;ka Hkh nsuh gksxhA ;s lc fudk; fuokZfpr gksxA efgykvks]a vuqlfw pr a a s 8
  • 9. ;dks tkfr@tutkfr] fiNM+s oxksZa vkSj vYila[;dksa ds izfrfuf/kRo ds fy, izko/kku gksxA a s ¼Hkkx&VI nsf[k,½ * fo/kk;d insu lnL; gksx]s ftUgsa ernku dk vf/kdkj gksxkA a * laln jkT; ds fy, dksbZ dkuwu rc rd ugha cuk,xh tc rd bldk lac/k ns'k dh a vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh lqj{kk ls vkSj blds egRoiw.kZ vkfFkZd fgr] fo'ks"kr% ÅtkZ vkSj vkS fgr] la ty lalk/kuksa dh miyfC/k ds ekeyksa ls u gksA * iwoZ 'kkgh fj;klr ds lc Hkkxksa esa ;s ifjoZru leku :i ls ykxw gksus pkfg,aA fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj lg;ksx ds fy, lc voljksa dks c<+kok fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blds fy, ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj esa i;kZIr lkafo/kkfud ifjorZu vko';d gksxA a s * nf{k.k vkSj e/; ,f'k;k ds chp tEew vkSj d'ehj ,d lsrq cu tk, blds fy, lc mfpr mik; djus gksxA a s VI lkroha vuqlph dh lwph I I esa ls os fo"k; tks jkT; fo/kku e.My ls {ks=h; ifj"knksa dks w varfjr fd, tk ldrs gS]a gekjh fjiksVZ esa foLrkj esa fn, x, gSA rfjr a jkT; fo/kku e.My dks pkfg, fd jkT; fo/kku e.My dks varfjr lwph III ds fo"k;ksa esa djs ls {ks=h; ifj"knksa dks dqN fo"k; ns nsus ds ckjs esa fopkj djsA xksj[kkyS.M ij gq, le>kSrs ds , vkSj ch Hkkxksa esa lwphc) fo"k;ksa ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dks nh tkus okyh foÙkh; vkSj iz'kkldh; 'kfDr;ka Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/kuksa dh rtZ ij gksxhA a VII 9
  • 10. ch&lkaLÑfrd lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ jkT; jkT; ds rhuksa {ks=ksa ds iqu% ,dhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, uhps fy[ks lkaLÑfrd dne mBk, tk,a %& varj vkSj var% d'ehj laokn vkjaHk fd, tk,a] Nk=ks]a ys[kdks]a dykdkjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dk vknku&iznku 'kq: fd;k tk,] dykvksa ds fy, mfpr ewyHkwr <k¡pkk cuk;k tk,] cgq&lkaLÑfrd dykvks p ikB~;p;kZ fodflr dh tk,] jkT; dh vusd Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn dh lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk dh tk,] jkT; dh yksd&ijaijkvksa dks iqu% etcwr fd;k tk,] fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj i;ZVu dks c<+kok fn;k tk, vkSj jkT; dh Hkk"kkvksa esa jsfM;ks vkSj Vhoh ds dk;ZØe vkjaHk fd, tk,aA VIII lh& vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ ljdkj & turk dh lk>snkjh ds vk/kkj ij lkekftd&vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, vU; Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa ds loksZÙke rkSj rjhds viuk, tk,a( m|ksx dks c<+kok nsuss ds fy, u fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks= cuk, tk,a ftudk foLrkj mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa dh rtZ ij foÙkh; vkSj vkfFkZd izkRlkgu nsdj fd;k tk,( d'ehjh gLrf'kYi dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, vkd"kZd fu;kZr izkRlkgu fn, s s tk,a( ckxokuh m|ksx esa mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk c<+kus ds fy, rduhdh vkSj foRrh; lgk;rk dk rduhdh foLrkj fd;k tk,( jkT; dh ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj tSo fofo/krk dk laj{k.k fd;k tk,( lqj{kk cyksa ds vf/kdkj esa tks vkS|ksfxdh laLFkkiu vkSj vU; Hkou gSa mudks 'kh?kz [kkyh djk;k tk,( izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa ds crkSj tks [kfut vkSj inkFkZ gS]a muds nksgu dk v/;;u fd;k tk,( varjkZ"Vªh; LFkkuksa gS ls i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, Jhuxj esa varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Ms dk lapkyu vkjaHk fd;k tk,( jkT; ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa dks tksMus okys vkSj lhekvksa ds vkj&ikj jsyykbuksa vkSj lM+dksa dh + vk/kkjHkwr <kapkxr ifj;kstukvksa dks iwjk djus ds dke esa rsth ykbZ tk,( dsUnzh; {ks= esa fctyh mRiknu dh ifj;kstukvksa dks jkT; dks ns fn;k tk,( igkM+h] nwjLFk vkSj fiNM+s {ks=ksa dks fo'ks"k fodkl {ks= ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tk,A 10
  • 11. ,d lexz 'kSf{kd uhfr dk gksukk(( LokLF; ;kstukvksa dk izHkkoh dk;kZUo;u vkSj iapk;rh f{kd jkt laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls egRoiw.kZ dk;ZØeksa dk dk;kZUo;u Hkh vko';d gSA IX dk;Z;kstuk bu jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd y{;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, dk;Z;kstuk laokn fØ;kfof/k dh fo'oluh;rk] eq[; lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ ds dk;kZUo;u vkSj izeq[k fo'olu ¼fo'okl i.k/kkfj;ksa ds chp lgefr ds cuus ij fuHkZj djrh gSA {ks= esa fLFkfr dk voyksdu djus ij vkSj fiNys 'kkafriz;klksa ls izkIr lh[k ds vk/kkj ij lqy>ko gsrq fo'oluh; laokn cukus esa uhps fy[ks lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ lgk;d LFkkiu gksxA a s ¼,½ ekuo vf/kdkjksa vkSj dkuwu ds 'kklu lac/kh lq/kkjksa esa xfr ykukA a ykukA okyks blesa 'ks"k lc iRFkj ekjus okyksa vkSj jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh fjgkbZ 'kkfey gS] Vs ftu ij xaHkhj vkjksi ugha gS]a ftUgksus igyh ckj vijk/k fd;k gS ;k NksVs&eksVs a vijk/k djus okys gS]a muds fo#) izFke lwpuk jiVksa dk okfil ysuk] mu vkradokfn;ksa dks {kek djuk tks fgalk NksMus dks rS;kj gkssa vkSj mudk iquokZl] + fgalk ds f'kdkj lc yksxksa dk iquokZl] lqj{kk cyksa dh jkT; ds Hkhrjh {ks=ksa esa ls djuk] mifLFkfr de djuk] vkradokn dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, cus fofHkUu vf/kfu;eksa ds dk;kZUo;u dh yxkrkj leh{kk vkSj d'ehjh iafMrksa dh okilh lqfuf'pr djuk] blds lkFk&lkFk tEew vkSj djfxy ls cs?kj gq, yksxksa dks muds ?kjksa esa okfil ykuk ftlls os lqj{kk] lEeku vkSj e;kZnk dk thou O;rhr djsA a ikfdLrku fu;af=r d'ehj ls vk, yksxksa dks i;kZIr eqvkot+k nsuk vkSj mudks jkT; ds ukxfjd ds rkSj ij ekU;rk nsukA ¼ch½ ¼ch½ ih,l, ¼yksd lqj{kk vf/kfu;e½ dk la'kks/ku vkSj Mh , ¼fMfLVªC;wVM ,fj;k ½ vkSj s ,,Q,lih, ¼l'kL= lsuk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ½ dh leh{kk ,Q,lih, ¼lh½ iqfyl vkSj turk ds lac/kksa esa lq/kkj a ¼Mh½ lqj{kk laLFkkiuksa ds QSyko dks dqN j.kuhfrd LFkkuksa rd ?kVkdj vkSj ?kVkdj rRdky dkjZokbZ ds fy, py&bdkb;ka cukdj ;qfDrlaxr cukuk 11
  • 12. ¼bZ½ iz/kkuea=h ds dk;Z lewg dh tks fd fo'ks"kr% lhoh,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ ij Fkk] flQkfj'kksa dk Rofjr dk;kZUo;u * lc d'ehfj;ks]a eq[;r% iafMrksa ¼fgUnw vYila[;d½ dh jkT; uhfr ds Hkkx ds rkSj ij okilh lqfuf'pr djuk * vkS jkT; esa fgalk ds nkSjku gqbZ fo/kokvksa vkSj vukFkksa ds fy, ftuesa vkradokfn;ksa dh fo/kok,a vkSj vukFk 'kkfey gksx]s cgrj lgk;rk vkSj a s iquokZl dh O;oLFkk djuk * fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj Q¡ls gq, d'ehfj;ksa dh okilh lqfuf'pr cukuk] ftuesa ls cgqr ls 'kL=kL= ds izf'k{k.k ds fy, ckgj pys x, Fks fdUrq iz 'k{k.k vc 'kkafriwoZd okfil vkuk pkgrs gS]a ¼,Q½ fu;a=.k&js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds lac/kksa ij cus iz/kkuea=h ds dk;Zny dh flQkfj'kksa a dk Rofjr dk;kZUo;uA blls gy ds fy, lgefr cukus ds iz;Ruksa esa lgk;rk feysxh vkSj bl dk;kZUo;u esa fu;aa=.k&js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds lc ekxksZa dksks fu; d [kksyuk]] cgq&izo'k ijfeV@oht+k }kjk O;kikj vkSj ;k=k uk s lqfo/kktud cukuk 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,A ¼th½ vfpfUg~r dczksa dh igpku ds fy, ,d U;kf;d vk;ksx cuk;k tk, ftlesa [kks x,@ykirk O;fDr;ksa dh igpku ij tksj jgs bu lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ esa ls vf/kdka'k dk vkaf'kd dk;kZUo;u gqvk gSA csgrj dk;kZUo;u ds fy, bl lewg dh flQkfj'ksa dh lhch,e ¼fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;½ ds izcks/ku ds fy, ,d l'kDr lewg cuk;k tk,A laokn izfØ;k jktuhfrd laokn ds flyflys dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, lewg dh fuEufyf[kr flQkfj'k flyflys gSa %& ¼,½ ftruk 'kh?kz gks lds Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj gqfjZ;r ds chp laokn vkjaHk fd;k tk,A bl laokn ls izR;{k ifj.kke vkus pkfg,a vkSj bls vck/k cuk;k tk,A 12
  • 13. ¼ch½ lhlh ¼lkafo/kkfud lfefr½ }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ flQkfj'kksa vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj & gqfjZ;r ds laokn ls mHkjs fcUnqvksa ij laokn ds fy, ikfdLrku vkSj ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj dks rS;kj djuk pkfg,A ¼lh½ fu;a=.k js[kk ds nksuksa rjQ tEew vkSj d'ehj ds fy, flfoy lksl;Vh ds chp dks laidZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds chp le>kSrk djuk X fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds lac/kksa dks lqlxr cukuk a a mu izfrfuf/k eaMyksa esa ls ftuls ge feys] vf/kdka'k dk ;g fo'okl gS fd tc rd iwoZ ikfdLrkuh kklu 'kkgh fj;klr ds mu Hkkxksa ij tks ikfdLrkuh iz'kklu ds v/khu gS]a Hkh izLrkfor gy ykxw u gks] rc rd dksbZ LFkk;h ;k nh?kZdkyhu gy ugha fudy ldrkA ;g fLFkfr lu~ 1994 ds laln~ ds ml izLrko ds vuqdy gS ftlesa iwoZ 'kkgh fj;klr ds iwjs Hkkx ij le>kSrs dh vis{kk FkhA w ikfdLrku fu;af=r Hkkxksa dk iz'kklu Hkkjh :i esa cnyk gSA ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj fQygky nks Hkkxksa esa c¡Vk gS] ftuds jktuhfrd Lrj fHkUu&fHkUu gSA jkT; dh tu&lkaf[;dh a mYys[kuh; rkSj ij cnyh gS tks fd ikfdLrku ds vU; izkUrksa ls vk, gq, yksxksa ds dkj.k gqbZ gSA dsUnz&jkT; lac/kksa dks lqlxr cukus vkSj {ks=h;] jkT; vkSj iapk;r@uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn a a ds Lrjksa ij fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj 'kfDr;ka nsus dh dksf'k'k dks lqlxr cukus ds fy, a ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew&d'ehj esa cM+s iSekus ij lkafo/kkfud ifjorZu vko';d gksxA ;fn bl a s ij lgefr gks tk, rks blls fodkl] lalk/ku fuekZ.k vkSj vU; nqrjQh ekeyksa ds fy, fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj la;qDr laLFkkuksa dks cukus esa bl lqlxfrdj.k ls vklkuh gksxhA blfy, bl Dr lq a lewg dh flQkfj'k gS fd bu ekeyksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ fu;a=.k js[kk ds nwljs rjQ ds lacfa /kr izfrfuf/k;ksa ls dh tk,A XI 13
  • 14. varr% bl lewg dh ;g flQkfj'k gS fd gy dh [kkst dks Hkkjr&IkkfdLrku okrkZ ij dks voyafcr u fd;k tk,A ;fn tEew vkSj d'ehj esa i.k/kkjh le>kSrs ds fy, lger gksa rks ikfdLrku ds Hkh 'kkfey gksus ds fy, }kj lnk [kqys j[ks tk ldrs gSA a tSlk fd iz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag us dgk gS iz/kku y{; gS fu;a=.k js[kk dks vlaxr cukukA cukukA ;g lkSgknZ vkSj lg;ksx dk izrhd cu tk,A *** 14