2. “Nanotechnology is the art and science of
manipulating matter at the nanoscale”
What is NanoNanotechnologytechnology?
3. A nanometer is…
– one billionth of a meter
How Small Is NanoNanoscale?
Human Hair: Approx. 1x105
nmDNA Sample: Approx. 2 nm
4.
5. Nano tech
• Nano tech is the design characterization
production and application structures, devices
and system by controlling shape & size at the
nano scale.
• This technology that can work at the
Molecular level, atom by atom to create large
structures with improved molecular
organization.
7. • Top down approach involving breaking down
the bulk materials to nano sizes (Eg. Mechanical
alloying)
• Bottom up approach the nano particles also
made by building atom by atom (Eg. Inert gas
condensation)
8. Techniques for synthesizing of
nano phase materials
• Mechanical alloying
• Inert gas condensation
• Sol-gel technique
• Electro spinning method
• Plasma and laser processing spraying
Among these techniques electro-spinning techniques
has been proved successfully for industrial
production
9. Nano tech in textile
Nano tech research efforts in textile have
focused on 2 main areas
1.Upgrading existing functions and performance
of textile materials
2. Developing intelligent textiles with
completely new characteristics and functions
10. NANO FIBERS
• In general, the nano fibers are taken to be the fibers between
100-500 nm in diameter.
• Fibers have nano scale diameters including high surface area
to volume ratio film thinness, porous structure, lighter weight,
desired level of modulus of elasticity and etc.,
• These value added nano fibers used effectively in medicals,
filters, liners for toxic chemical protective, protective fabrics,
tissue scaffolds, drug delivery and many other advance
applications.
11. PRODUCTION OF NANO FIBERS
• Melt blown- Drawing the fibers formed in a
spinnerate by a stream of hot air is a method
known as melt blown, which yields micro
fibers of ca 1000-2000 nm
• Multicomponent - Dissolving polymer matrix
of the islands-in-the-sea bi- component fibers
yield sub- micrometer in diameters fibers
12. Principle and Process of electro
spinning
•Electro spinning is unique approach using
electrostatic forces to produce fibers.
13. • In the electro spinning process a high voltage is used
to create an electrically charged stream of polymer
solution or melt.
• A high voltage electrode is linked with the polymer
solution.
• The solution is then spun thorough a capillary and
grounded collector, Taylor cone is formed at the tip
of capillary producing sub-micron diameter fibers.
• Fibers solidify as the polymer solvent and create an
interlinked fiber layer of the surface of collector.
14. POLYMER-SOLVENTS
The polymer is usually dissolved in suitable solvent and spun from solution.
•POLYMER SOLVENTS
Nylon 6 and nylon 66 Formic Acid
Polyacrylonitrile Dimethyl
formaldehyde PET Trifluoroacetic
acid/Dimethyl chloride PVA
Water Polystyrene
DMF/Toluene Nylon-6-co-polyamide
Formic acid Polybenzimidazole
Dimethyl acetamide Polyramide
Sulfuric acid Polyimides
Phenol
15. Basically the nano fibers produced by three
methods
Type of spinning Fiber type Fiber size (microns) Fiber size range (denier)
•Electro spinning Electro spun 0.04 to 2 0.00002 to 0.006
nano fibers
• Melt blown fibers Spun bond fibers 2 to 10 0.03 to 1
• Multi-component
fiber spinning Melt blowing technique 15 to 40 1.5 to 12
Denier calculation based on fiber specific gravity =1, specific gravity
values of common polymer fibers range 0.92 (P.P), to 1.14 (Nylon6,6) to 1.38
(PET)
16. Types of nanofiber produced using
Electrospinning
Cellulosic fibre
Polyester
nylon
17. ELECTRO SPINNING OF CELLULOSE
• The technique of electro – spinning cellulose of the nano scale
involves the use of solvent.
• The cellulose is dissolved in the solvent; the liquid polymer
solution is then squeezed through a tiny pinhole where a high
voltages applied.
• The charge pulls the polymer solution through the air into tiny
fibers, which is collected on an electrical group.
• The fiber produced is less than hundred nanometers in
diameter, which is thousand times smaller than unconventional
spinning.
• This process made it possible to produce high performance
materials from reclaimed cellulose materials.
18. NYLON NANOFIBERS:
•Toray industries Inc. has developed fibers with
hydroscopic properties better than those of cotton.
•The fiber consists of extremely fine nylon measuring
several tens of nanometers.
POLYESTER NANOFIBERS:
•It is covered with a special film, which is tens of
nanometers thick.
•There is an increase in hydroscopic properties by of
thirty.
19. CARBON NANOFIBERS
•It is an ordered array of carbon atoms that can have
tensile strength up to 50 times that of steel.
•They have diameters of about 50-200nm and can
be classified as:
• Single walled carbon nanofibers /tubes – they are
single cylindrical structures.
• Multi walled carbon nanofibers tubes – they are
formed of SWNTS covered with more of this kind
of cylindrical structures.
21. – Targeted Drug Delivery
– Artificial Retina
– Tissue Regeneration
Nanotechnology in life science
22. Nanotechnology in Drugs(Cancer)
• Provide new options for drug delivery and drug
therapies.
• Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right
location in the body and release drug doses on
a predetermined schedule for optimal treatment.
• Attach the drug to a nanosized carrier.
• They become localized at the disease site, i.e cancer
tumor.
• Then they release medicine that kills the tumour.
26. Nanotechnology in Fabrics
some clothing manufacturers are
making water and stain repellent
clothing using nano-sized whiskers in
the fabric that cause water to bead up on
the surface.
In manufacturing bullet proof jackets.
Making spill & dirt resistant,
antimicrobial, antibacterial fabrics.
27. Advantages
Materials
• Stronger
• Lighter
• Durable
• Precise
Industrial
•Computers can
become a billion
times faster and a
million times
smaller
•Automatic
Pollution Cleanup
Medical
•End of Illnesses
•Universal
Immunity
•Body Sculpting
30. • Nanotechnology with all its challenges and opportunities will become a part of our future.
The researchers are optimistic for the products based upon this technology.
• Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering in the new industrial revolution.
ConclusionConclusion
by definiton as you can see ”it’s the art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale level”
1. Its a bit difficult to realize how small the nano-scale is. To make things easier to get, we can say that one nanometre (nm) is one billionth of a metre.
2. Lets see some examples to make it clear
In the picture on the right, we can see a man staring at his picked hair trying to figuring out the diameter of it, he will essentially come to the conclusion that a human hair is 100,000nm thick, while a DNA molecule is only 2 nms wide.
Now this is a bit informative 3d chart, providing the size comparisons between different objects raised to the power of 10 meters. Here you can see, a 6 foot man is 1.62 meters or roughly around 2 billion nms tall. While on the other hand, a sample of a DNA molecule, as we have already seen in the previous slide, is approx. 2 nms long.
Nano tech is the design characterization production and application structures, devices and system by controlling shape & size at the nano scale.
This technology that can work at the Molecular level, atom by atom to create large structures with improved molecular organization.
There are 2 ways in synthesis of Nano phase materials they are:
Top down approach
Bottom up approach
Top down approach involving breaking down the bulk materials to nano sizes (Eg. Mechanical alloying)
Bottom up approach the nano particles also made by building atom by atom (Eg. Inert gas condensation)
Mechanical alloying
Inert gas condensation
Sol-gel technique
Electro spinning method
Plasma and laser processing spraying
Among these techniques electro-spinning techniques has been proved successfully for industrial production.
Nano tech research efforts in textile have focused on 2 main areas
Upgrading existing functions and performance of textile materials
Developing intelligent textiles with completely new characteristics and functions
In general, the nano fibers are taken to be the fibers between 100-500 nm in diameter.
Fibers have nano scale diameters including high surface area to volume ratio film thinness,lighter weight, desired level of modulus of elasticity and etc.,
These value added nano fibers used effectively in medicals, filters, protective fabrics, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery and many other advance applications.
Melt blown- Drawing the fibers formed in a spinneret by a stream of hot air is a method known as melt blown, which yields micro fibers of ca 1000-2000 nm
Multicomponent - Dissolving polymer matrix of the islands-in-the-sea bi- component fibers yield sub- micrometer in diameters fibers
In the electro spinning process a high voltage is used to create an electrically charged stream of polymer solution or melt.
A high voltage electrode is linked with the polymer solution.
The solution is then spun thorough a capillary.
Due to a high voltage electric field between the tip of the capillary and a grounded collector, Taylor cone is formed at the tip of capillary producing sub-micron diameter fibers.
Fibers solidify as the polymer solvent and create an interlinked fiber layer of the surface of collector.
The technique of electro – spinning cellulose of the nano scale involves the use of solvent.
The cellulose is dissolved in the solvent; the liquid polymer solution is then squeezed through a tiny pinhole where a high voltages applied.
The charge pulls the polymer solution through the air into tiny fibers, which is collected on an electrical group.
The fiber produced is less than hundred nanometers in diameter, which is thousand times smaller than unconventional spinning.
This process made it possible to produce high performance materials from reclaimed cellulose materials.
lets have a look how NT is leading us in different areas of expertise..
Apart from the engineering and science discussed so far, NT also has its applications in medical sciences
1- this picture shows the process of Targeted drug delivery.. Which will enable mankind to diagnose nd treat all the major diseases such as cancer, HIV etc.
2-. Artificial Retina and Tissue regeneration are the other examples of NT applications in life sciences..
e.g: in da field of electronics nanotransistors are becoming more nd more popular bcoz of it’s compactness..
If u are thinking that this is a single transistor then you need to reshape your thinking, bcoz this is a transistor box containing thousonds of transistors in it…
Some other examples of nanoelectronics are Nanodiodes, OLEDs etc.
1-This is a nano-engineered battery, light in weight and flexible just like a paper. It can be rolled, twisted, folded or cut into a number of shapes with absolutely no loss of mechanical efficiency. Other energy suppliment examples with some change in their properties are fuel cells and solar cells
1-this rotating picture is actually a model of carbon nanotube, the strongest and stiffest materials discovered till to date. These tubes are the building block of almost all the NT objects.
2- Aerogel. The world’s lightest crystalline solid
3-and nano particles
Loss of jobs (in manufacturing, farming, etc)
Carbon Nanotubes could cause infection of lungs
Atomic weapons could be more accessible and destructive
Now we are plugging into the future of Nanotechnology.
In this slide, you can see how Nanotechnology could help redesigning the future of several technologies, products and markets.
Scientists and engineers can now work with materials at the atomic level to create stain-proof fabrics, more efficient fuel cells and batteries…