English Communication Arts and Skills Through Afro-Asian literature Passive and Active Voice Sentence transform Interrogative or Question Transform Imperative Sentence Transform The Exclamatory Sentence Transform The Prepositional Transform The Derived Transform or Passive Voice

1. English Communication Arts
and Skills Through Afro-Asian
literature

2. Passive and Active Voice
The voice of a Verb indicates whether the subject
is the doer of the action or the receiver of the
action.
A verb is in the active voice when the subject is
the doer of the action indicated by the verb.
verb is in the passive voice when the subject is
the receiver of the action indicated by the verb.

3. Examples:
Active voice
- The hermit saved the prince.
The hermit, as our subject, functioned as the doer of
the act.
Passive voice
- The prince was saved by the hermit.
The hermit, becomes the receiver of the act.

4. Unless there is a good reason to use the passive
voice, the active voice is preferred because it is
more forceful.
Passive voice: Porridge is loved by most children.
Active voice: Most children love porridge.
Passive voice: Reading Novels is enjoyed by me.
Active voice: I enjoy reading novels.

5. Active Voice Passive Voice
We studied the Confucian
teachings.
The Confucian teachings were
studied by us.
We will study the Confucian
teachings.
The Confucian teachings will
be studied by us .
We have studied the Confucian
teachings.
The Confucian teachings have
been studied by us.

6. However, there are times when it is well to use the passive
voice.
1. When the action done is more important than the doer,
the passive construction is preferred.
The writer was promoted by the owner of the publication.
She was congratulated by the Mayor.
2. When the doer is vague or unknown, the passive
construction is more appropriate.
All the lights had been turned on by somebody.
The rebel was captured by the enforcers of the law.

7. 3. For general, impersonal statements, the
passive voice is the natural construction.
Pots are made of clay.
Mangoes and bananas are exported to japan.
Very affordable home gadgets are
manufactured in china.

8. Sentence transform

9. Sentence transform is the process
wherein a sentence changes its form and
attribute, given there are sets of
conditions.
Whether it changes into a question, an
imperative sentence, an exclamatory
sentence, Prepositional or from active to
passive voice and Inverting Adverbs.

10. Interrogative or Question Transform
-simple reversal transform, reverse the subject and the
verb.
Original sentence – “China is our nearest neighbour.”
Transformed sentence – “Is China our nearest
neighbour?”

11. 1. If there are no “be verbs” the other forms are that of does, did and do.
DO: used for YOU, I and PLURAL subjects
Example: I love you (Do I love you?); You love me (Do you love me?); They love
fruits ( do they love fruits?)
Does: used for third person singular such as He, She, It
Example: He loves cookies (does he Love cookies?); she hates chocolates (does
She hate chocolates?) It transforms (does it transform?)
Did: used for past tense
Example: I loved you (did I love you?); they raced (did they race?); you hated
me ( did you hate me?)

12. 2. Tag questions, any Imperative statements can be changed into a question by
adding a tag question. The tag question is formed by repeating the main verb if
the main verb is the form of to be + the pronoun referring to the subject.
(positive statement has negative tags and vice versa)
The story is strange
The story is strange, isn’t it?
They love it
They love it, don't they?
I am your friend
I am your friend, aren’t I?

13. Imperative Sentence Transform
To transform a declarative statement into an imperative
sentence, omit the subject.
You buy the book.
Buy the book
You look before you cross the street
Look before you cross the street

14. The Exclamatory Sentence Transform
It is generally introduced by what or how. The order is: What/How + object/
complement + subject + verb
Lee an Had a strange dream
What a strange dream Lee an Had!
You are beautiful
How beautiful you are!

15. The Prepositional Transform
Done only if there is an indirect object. Done by making the
indirect object the object of preposition
China gave the world great men.
China gave great men to the world.
The Chinese classics give us a view of Chinese culture.
The Chinese classics give a view of Chinese culture to us.

16. The Derived Transform or Passive Voice
Done by Changing the Subject form being the doer to becoming the receiver
of the act.
I delivered the facts to him.
The facts were delivered to him by me.
The king kicked the donkey.
The donkey was kicked by the King.

17. Statement Patterns with Inverting Adverbs
The adverbs like there, here and some negative adverbs act as inversion
transforms. The most common negative adverbs that perform this functions
are: never, hardly, seldom, not always, not once, not often, scarcely, and rarely.
A negative is placed before or after the verb. When these adverbs occur at the
initial position, the normal subject + verb pattern becomes the Verb + subject
pattern.
A Chinese boy is never respectful to his parents
Never is a Chinese boy disrespectful to his parents.

18. If the predicate is a verb phrase, the first of the
auxiliary verbs precedes the subject.
Disobedience has never been woven into their
way of life.
Never has disobedience been woven into their
way of life.

19. Statement Patterns with There as Inverter
The most common inverter is There. It is used with is, are, was, were, or a verb
phrase with be or been as the headword.
A Chinese is outside.
There is a Chinese outside.
Several boys are here.
There are several boys here.
There is is followed by a singular subject and there are for plural subjects.

20. ACTIVITY
transform these
statements into
yes/no questions

21. 1. Printing press was invented in china about 500 B.C.
2. This earliest form of the printing press was made of wood.
3. China at this time began the publication of great works in history and
science.
4. Apart from this work, the printing press was hardly used.
5. Movable types were invented by a Chinese blacksmith in 1000 B.C.
6. The invention occurred five hundred years before Gutenberg did the same
thing in Europe.
7. Gutenberg is credited with having invented the printing press.
8. No one knows the name of the Chinese who really invented the printing
press
9. In 300 B.C., one of the emperors ordered all existing printed materials to be
destroyed.
10. He was called the mad emperor.