1. Presentation
on
Generation Of Torque by
Heat Engine

2. Contents:-
●What is heat engines?
● Heat engines cycle.
●Carnot cycle.
●Application of Carnot cycle.
● Classification of heat engines.
● External heat engine , advantages and disadvantages
● Internal heat engine , advantages and disadvantages

3. What is Heat Engine?
●Heat Engine is the
device which converts
chemical energy of fuel
into heat energy & this
heat energy is utilized
for converting it to
mechanical work.

4. Amount Of Work Extracted
The work extracted is equal to the difference between the heat energy transferred
from the hot reservoir and the heat exhausted into the cold reservoir :
And this process is repeated over a in same path in a same cyclic manner and such repeated
process is called as heat engine cycle .
The heat engine’s efficiency is:

5. Waste of Energy
No heat engine can operate
without exhausting some fraction
of the heat into a reservoir.

6. CARNOT ENGINE
● The efficiency of a typical automobile
engine is less than 30%.
-This seems to be wasting a lot of
energy.
- What is the best efficiency that we
can achieve?
- What factors determine the
efficiency?
The cycle devised by Carnot that an ideal
engine would have to follow is called a Carnot
Cycle .
An (ideal , not real ) engine following this cycle
is called a Carnot engine.

7. Classification of Heat Engines
External Combustion Engine Internal Combustion Engine

8. External combustion engines are the most common form of
external heat engines, because of their use in power plants. An
external combustion engine is unique from other EHEs because
it requires a fuel to undergo combustion to create the heat that is
used for work.
External Combustion Engine :-

9. Working Principle External C.E :-

10. Advantages and Disadvantages of E.C.E :-
Advantages
1. Almost any kind of fuel that is
available can be used
2. Since power is not generated due to
detonation of fuel hence very less
noise is generated.
3. Engine emissions are also very low
4. Very economical for huge power
generation
Disadvantages
1. Not suitable for low load requirements
2. Leakage of working fluid
3. Lubricant consumption
4. Size of engine is relatively big
5. Overall working temperature is high so great
care and special building materials are
required

11. Internal Combustion Engine :-
It is quite obvious from the name that in internal
combustion engines, fuel is burned inside the
engine. Unlike external combustion engines in
which fuel is burned outside the engine.
Most popular type of internal combustion engine
which we see today is the engine which we use in
our cars and bikes.

12. Working principle of I.C.E in Automobile

13. Advantages and disadvantages of I.C.E :-
Advantages
1. Size of engine is very less compared to external
combustion engines
2. Power to weight ratio is high andVery suitable
for small power requirement applications
3. Safer to operate and Starting time is very less .
4. Lubricant consumption is less as compared to
external combustion engines
5. In case of reciprocating internal combustion
overall working temperature is low because
peak temperature is reached for only small
period of time (only at detonation of fuel).
Disadvantages
1. Variety of fuels that can be used is limited
to very fine quality gaseous and liquid fuel
2. Fuel used is very costly like gasoline or
diesel
3. Engine emissions are generally high
compared to external combustion engine
4. Not suitable of large scale power
generation
5. In case of reciprocating internal
combustion noise is generated due to
detonation of fuel

14. HEAT ENGINE
The maximum efficiency is fixed by Second Law of
Thermodynamics:-

15. Conclusion
● First law of thermodynamics is applied.
● Second law of thermodynamics is also applied.
● All system in universe tends to be in equilibrium.
● Energy flow from higher temperature to lower temperature.

16. Literature Review
[1]. Ebrahimi (2010) analyzed the performance of an air standard Atkinson cycle using finite time
thermodynamics.
[2]. J.Liu (2011) conduct a study on a general cycle model of a class of typical irreversible heat
engines with temperature-dependent heat capacities of the working substance is established.
[3]. T. Yilmaz (2007) found that the proper optimization criteria to be chosen for the optimum
design of heat engines may differ depending on their purposes and working conditions.
[4]. K. Patodi and G. Maheshwari(2012) took the efficient power, defined as the product of the
power output and efficiency.
[5]. R.Kumaret.al (2013) analyzed the efficient power of Joule-Brayton heat engine with friction
based on the first and second law of thermodynamics.

17. THANK YOU!