SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 57
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Teaching Medical Students, Interns, and Residents to read Medical Literature:    The STATS Method
Session Objectives   1) Examine the current trends in physician use of medical literature. 2) Explain why teaching medical students, interns, and residents how to read medical literature is important. 3) Explore the STATS Method to research evaluation.
Current Trends in Physician use of Medical Literature The Good, the Bad, and the Lack of Probability
The Good
Growth in Clinical Trials According to the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, there are now around 1 million clinical trials that have been completed.
Trial Classification (NIH Standards) Phase I Trials ,[object Object],[object Object]
Phase II Trials ,[object Object],[object Object],Phase III Trials ,[object Object],[object Object]
Phase IV Trials ,[object Object],[object Object]
Growth in Medical Research In 2002 alone, there were 522,943 articles published in some 4,600 medical journals catalogued by PubMed. There is an abundance of medical research being conducted!
The Bad
Last 5 Years ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
That’s a total of 2,126,955 Articles in just the last 5 years
According to the PubMed Website 1 , they have over 12 million citations dating back to the 1960s. So the last five years accounts for 18% of all of those citations.
To stay up-to-date with the current medical literature, you would have to read about 6,000 research articles a day.
How many minutes did you spend last week reading about your patients? 2 Stage of Career Range of median reading times % who reported NO reading in the last week Medical students 60-120 min 0% House officers 0-20 min up to 75% Senior house officers 10-30 min up to 15% Attendings 10-90 min up to 40% Senior Attendings 10-45 min up to 15% Consultants graduating since 1975 15-60 min up to 30% Consultants graduating pre-1975 10-45 min up to 40%
Medical Knowledge with Years Since Graduation 3
The Probability
Statistics is simply a matter of mathematical probability. Most modern medical research is based in statistics.
It is estimated that nearly 50% of all medical research articles contain serious methodological and/or statistical errors 4 .
Why teaching medical students, interns, and residents about research is so important
Paradigm Shift 5 E B M Evidence Based Medicine
EBM Defined is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of EBM means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.
Traditional vs. EBM Training Sackett et al.  (1977) Study on EBM and Hypertension Treatment
EBM in the USA In the early 1990s, JAMA established the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group 5 . This group, released a series of articles about reading medical literature throughout the 1990s and early 2000s 7 .
The  STATS Method
S T A T S Sample Treatment Argument Testing Significance
SAMPLE
Questions to ask about the sample. 1. How were participants selected for inclusion in the study? 2. How were they approached for inclusion? 3. Do study participants have special characteristics?
Questions to ask about the sample. 4. Do the demographics of the study bias the study in any direction? 5.  Does the location of the participants bias the study in any direction? 6. What could you do as a researcher to prevent sampling bias?
TREATMENT
Treatment Defined “ Treatment” refers to those variables actively manipulated or measured in a scientific study.
Variables Any entity that can take on different values.
Dependent Variables The variable that is effected or not effected by another variable in a research study.
Independent Variables The variable that is being manipulated or examined in a study to see if it effects the dependent variable.
Ultimately We want Causation IV DV We want the IV to cause a difference in the DV.
FOR EXAMPLE Bioloical  Sex Physical Aggression Is there a difference between females and males and their use of physical aggression? The treatment is how we go about measuring and explaining this process.
Questions to ask about the treatment. 1. What is the primary dependent variable studied in the article? 2. How did the researchers go about measuring this variable? 3. Did the researchers attempt to manipulate the target variable?  If so, how?
ARGUMENT
Logical argumentation should be the basis for all scientific research.
A logical argument in science is called a hypothesis.
Questions to ask about the arguments. 1. Was the argument for the study made clear in the article? 2. Is the article’s argument supported by current medical research and practice? 3. Is the argument in the article based on science or conjecture?
TESTNG
Testing is the process a researcher goes through to either prove or not prove a hypothesis.
Two Types of Tests 1. Difference Tests 2. Relationship Tests
Difference Tests A difference test attempts to see if there is a difference between the means of two or more groups in relation to one or more dependent variable(s).
FOR EXAMPLE Bioloical  Sex Physical Aggression In this case, we wanted to see if there was a difference in the mean scores of female and male physical aggression.
Two Types of Difference Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],2. Parametric Tests – Involve interval or ratio variables with each other or with nominal and ordinal variables (t-tests or ANOVAs)
Relationship Tests A relationship test attempts to see if two (or more) variables can be plotted in a linear fashion.
Relationships
Two Types of Relationship Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],2. Asymmetric – Existence of explanatory variables or predictors (Regression)
BIG NOTE Correlation does not mean causation However, Causation does mean Correlation
Significance
What is the actual significance of this study? If research doesn’t say anything new, why should we care?
Activity
Concluding Thoughts 1. EBM is a new direction for medical practitioners. 2. With the abundance of research available we have to be more cynical. 3. As people involved in post-graduate medical education, we need to teach critical analysis of research.
Concluding Thoughts cont… 4. Ask questions about research based on the STATS method. 5. Learn more about how research is actually conducted. Don’t be a sucker!!! 6. One study does not equal science.
Prepared by: Jason S. Wrench, Ed. D. Medical Educational Specialist West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Statistics in medical research
Statistics in medical researchStatistics in medical research
Statistics in medical researchAshok Kulkarni
 
Topic 1 a glance of research process
Topic 1 a glance of research processTopic 1 a glance of research process
Topic 1 a glance of research processYoussef2000
 
How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 2, Assessing the Methodological Quality
How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 2, Assessing the Methodological QualityHow To Read A Medical Paper: Part 2, Assessing the Methodological Quality
How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 2, Assessing the Methodological QualityDrLukeKane
 
Evidence based medicine
Evidence based medicineEvidence based medicine
Evidence based medicinePuneet Shukla
 
Randomized Controlled Trials
Randomized Controlled TrialsRandomized Controlled Trials
Randomized Controlled TrialsMamta Rath Datta
 
Evidence based medicine in clinical Practice
Evidence based medicine in clinical PracticeEvidence based medicine in clinical Practice
Evidence based medicine in clinical Practicedralaaassan
 
Hierarchies of Evidence 2017
Hierarchies of Evidence 2017Hierarchies of Evidence 2017
Hierarchies of Evidence 2017Lucia Ravi
 
Evidence Based EMS
Evidence Based EMSEvidence Based EMS
Evidence Based EMSRobert Cole
 
Observational Studies and their Reporting Guidelines
Observational Studies and their Reporting GuidelinesObservational Studies and their Reporting Guidelines
Observational Studies and their Reporting Guidelineskopalsharma85
 
Evaluation of Medical literature
Evaluation of Medical literatureEvaluation of Medical literature
Evaluation of Medical literatureRamesh Parajuli
 
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)Elsayed Salih
 
Title of assignment module 2 assignment immune system disorder
Title of assignment module 2 assignment immune system disorderTitle of assignment module 2 assignment immune system disorder
Title of assignment module 2 assignment immune system disorderraju957290
 
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGYRESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGYBinuja S.S
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Article review sample
Article review sampleArticle review sample
Article review sample
 
Statistics in medical research
Statistics in medical researchStatistics in medical research
Statistics in medical research
 
Topic 1 a glance of research process
Topic 1 a glance of research processTopic 1 a glance of research process
Topic 1 a glance of research process
 
How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 2, Assessing the Methodological Quality
How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 2, Assessing the Methodological QualityHow To Read A Medical Paper: Part 2, Assessing the Methodological Quality
How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 2, Assessing the Methodological Quality
 
Evidence based medicine
Evidence based medicineEvidence based medicine
Evidence based medicine
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
 
Randomized Controlled Trials
Randomized Controlled TrialsRandomized Controlled Trials
Randomized Controlled Trials
 
Evidence based medicine in clinical Practice
Evidence based medicine in clinical PracticeEvidence based medicine in clinical Practice
Evidence based medicine in clinical Practice
 
Hierarchies of Evidence 2017
Hierarchies of Evidence 2017Hierarchies of Evidence 2017
Hierarchies of Evidence 2017
 
Evidence Based EMS
Evidence Based EMSEvidence Based EMS
Evidence Based EMS
 
Study designs
Study designsStudy designs
Study designs
 
Research Critique
Research CritiqueResearch Critique
Research Critique
 
1.introduction
1.introduction1.introduction
1.introduction
 
Observational Studies and their Reporting Guidelines
Observational Studies and their Reporting GuidelinesObservational Studies and their Reporting Guidelines
Observational Studies and their Reporting Guidelines
 
Evaluation of Medical literature
Evaluation of Medical literatureEvaluation of Medical literature
Evaluation of Medical literature
 
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
 
Ebm presentation
Ebm presentationEbm presentation
Ebm presentation
 
Title of assignment module 2 assignment immune system disorder
Title of assignment module 2 assignment immune system disorderTitle of assignment module 2 assignment immune system disorder
Title of assignment module 2 assignment immune system disorder
 
Nr 1 in 2
Nr 1 in 2Nr 1 in 2
Nr 1 in 2
 
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGYRESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 

Destacado

Lecture 3-8-11-2014
Lecture 3-8-11-2014Lecture 3-8-11-2014
Lecture 3-8-11-2014Mahmoud Nasr
 
Aerobic attached growth systems
Aerobic attached growth systemsAerobic attached growth systems
Aerobic attached growth systemsAkepati S. Reddy
 
Biological treatment of waste water
Biological treatment of waste waterBiological treatment of waste water
Biological treatment of waste waterShaswati Saha
 
Biological wastewater treatment processes
Biological wastewater treatment processesBiological wastewater treatment processes
Biological wastewater treatment processesArvind Kumar
 
28737268 waste-water-treatment-ppt
28737268 waste-water-treatment-ppt28737268 waste-water-treatment-ppt
28737268 waste-water-treatment-pptabhiiii4558
 

Destacado (6)

Lecture 3-8-11-2014
Lecture 3-8-11-2014Lecture 3-8-11-2014
Lecture 3-8-11-2014
 
Aerobic attached growth systems
Aerobic attached growth systemsAerobic attached growth systems
Aerobic attached growth systems
 
Rbc
RbcRbc
Rbc
 
Biological treatment of waste water
Biological treatment of waste waterBiological treatment of waste water
Biological treatment of waste water
 
Biological wastewater treatment processes
Biological wastewater treatment processesBiological wastewater treatment processes
Biological wastewater treatment processes
 
28737268 waste-water-treatment-ppt
28737268 waste-water-treatment-ppt28737268 waste-water-treatment-ppt
28737268 waste-water-treatment-ppt
 

Similar a The Stats Method

Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxOverview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxLacieKlineeb
 
EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES1Evidence-Based Pract
EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES1Evidence-Based PractEVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES1Evidence-Based Pract
EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES1Evidence-Based PractBetseyCalderon89
 
Advanced Practice Nursing and Research
Advanced Practice Nursing and ResearchAdvanced Practice Nursing and Research
Advanced Practice Nursing and Researchbodo-con
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodologymonaaboserea
 
Quantitative Research Design Critique Template
Quantitative Research Design Critique TemplateQuantitative Research Design Critique Template
Quantitative Research Design Critique TemplateKatie Gulley
 
Tucson Medical Center - Guidelines for teaching EBM in your practice
Tucson Medical Center - Guidelines for teaching EBM in your practiceTucson Medical Center - Guidelines for teaching EBM in your practice
Tucson Medical Center - Guidelines for teaching EBM in your practiceTucsonMedicalCenter
 
Tucson Medical Center Faculty Edu PPT #7 - Guidelines for teaching EBM in you...
Tucson Medical Center Faculty Edu PPT #7 - Guidelines for teaching EBM in you...Tucson Medical Center Faculty Edu PPT #7 - Guidelines for teaching EBM in you...
Tucson Medical Center Faculty Edu PPT #7 - Guidelines for teaching EBM in you...TucsonMedicalCenter
 
Edinburgh Skeptics in the Pub talk on PACE chronic fatigue trial
Edinburgh Skeptics in the Pub talk on PACE chronic fatigue trialEdinburgh Skeptics in the Pub talk on PACE chronic fatigue trial
Edinburgh Skeptics in the Pub talk on PACE chronic fatigue trialJames Coyne
 
Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...
Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...
Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...Michael Changaris
 
Clinical trial : Types and Design (Pharmacovigilance)
Clinical trial : Types and Design (Pharmacovigilance)Clinical trial : Types and Design (Pharmacovigilance)
Clinical trial : Types and Design (Pharmacovigilance)Ayush Roy
 
systematic review and metaanalysis
systematic review and metaanalysis systematic review and metaanalysis
systematic review and metaanalysis DrSridevi NH
 
Anorexia Nervosa Treatment A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Anorexia Nervosa Treatment  A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled TrialsAnorexia Nervosa Treatment  A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Anorexia Nervosa Treatment A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled TrialsLisa Graves
 
Practice and the Quadruple.docx
Practice and the Quadruple.docxPractice and the Quadruple.docx
Practice and the Quadruple.docxstudywriters
 

Similar a The Stats Method (20)

Ebm
EbmEbm
Ebm
 
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxOverview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
 
Evidence based Practice in Emergency Medicine
Evidence based Practice in Emergency Medicine Evidence based Practice in Emergency Medicine
Evidence based Practice in Emergency Medicine
 
EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES1Evidence-Based Pract
EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES1Evidence-Based PractEVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES1Evidence-Based Pract
EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES1Evidence-Based Pract
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
 
Pt 650 1A
Pt 650 1A Pt 650 1A
Pt 650 1A
 
Research methods ppt 3
Research methods ppt 3Research methods ppt 3
Research methods ppt 3
 
Advanced Practice Nursing and Research
Advanced Practice Nursing and ResearchAdvanced Practice Nursing and Research
Advanced Practice Nursing and Research
 
Sample Of Research Essay
Sample Of Research EssaySample Of Research Essay
Sample Of Research Essay
 
Research design
Research designResearch design
Research design
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
 
Quantitative Research Design Critique Template
Quantitative Research Design Critique TemplateQuantitative Research Design Critique Template
Quantitative Research Design Critique Template
 
Tucson Medical Center - Guidelines for teaching EBM in your practice
Tucson Medical Center - Guidelines for teaching EBM in your practiceTucson Medical Center - Guidelines for teaching EBM in your practice
Tucson Medical Center - Guidelines for teaching EBM in your practice
 
Tucson Medical Center Faculty Edu PPT #7 - Guidelines for teaching EBM in you...
Tucson Medical Center Faculty Edu PPT #7 - Guidelines for teaching EBM in you...Tucson Medical Center Faculty Edu PPT #7 - Guidelines for teaching EBM in you...
Tucson Medical Center Faculty Edu PPT #7 - Guidelines for teaching EBM in you...
 
Edinburgh Skeptics in the Pub talk on PACE chronic fatigue trial
Edinburgh Skeptics in the Pub talk on PACE chronic fatigue trialEdinburgh Skeptics in the Pub talk on PACE chronic fatigue trial
Edinburgh Skeptics in the Pub talk on PACE chronic fatigue trial
 
Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...
Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...
Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...
 
Clinical trial : Types and Design (Pharmacovigilance)
Clinical trial : Types and Design (Pharmacovigilance)Clinical trial : Types and Design (Pharmacovigilance)
Clinical trial : Types and Design (Pharmacovigilance)
 
systematic review and metaanalysis
systematic review and metaanalysis systematic review and metaanalysis
systematic review and metaanalysis
 
Anorexia Nervosa Treatment A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Anorexia Nervosa Treatment  A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled TrialsAnorexia Nervosa Treatment  A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Anorexia Nervosa Treatment A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials
 
Practice and the Quadruple.docx
Practice and the Quadruple.docxPractice and the Quadruple.docx
Practice and the Quadruple.docx
 

Más de Jason Wrench

Más de Jason Wrench (20)

Risk Communication Presentation
Risk Communication PresentationRisk Communication Presentation
Risk Communication Presentation
 
30 Minute Lecture Presentation
30 Minute Lecture Presentation30 Minute Lecture Presentation
30 Minute Lecture Presentation
 
Harassment Of Slamantha
Harassment Of SlamanthaHarassment Of Slamantha
Harassment Of Slamantha
 
Inclusive Education
Inclusive EducationInclusive Education
Inclusive Education
 
Family Systems Theory
Family Systems TheoryFamily Systems Theory
Family Systems Theory
 
Dewey
DeweyDewey
Dewey
 
3 C’S Of Corporate Communication
3 C’S Of Corporate Communication3 C’S Of Corporate Communication
3 C’S Of Corporate Communication
 
Course Intro&1 1
Course Intro&1 1Course Intro&1 1
Course Intro&1 1
 
Unit 2 5
Unit 2 5Unit 2 5
Unit 2 5
 
Unit 1 3
Unit 1 3Unit 1 3
Unit 1 3
 
Unit 1 5
Unit 1 5Unit 1 5
Unit 1 5
 
Unit 2 4
Unit 2 4Unit 2 4
Unit 2 4
 
Unit 2 3
Unit 2 3Unit 2 3
Unit 2 3
 
Unit 2 2
Unit 2 2Unit 2 2
Unit 2 2
 
Unit 2 1
Unit 2 1Unit 2 1
Unit 2 1
 
Unit 1 4
Unit 1 4Unit 1 4
Unit 1 4
 
Multiple Sexualities
Multiple SexualitiesMultiple Sexualities
Multiple Sexualities
 
Hate, Stereotyping, & Prejudice
Hate, Stereotyping, & PrejudiceHate, Stereotyping, & Prejudice
Hate, Stereotyping, & Prejudice
 
Homophobia Workshop
Homophobia WorkshopHomophobia Workshop
Homophobia Workshop
 
Basic Research Design
Basic Research DesignBasic Research Design
Basic Research Design
 

Último

3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptxmary850239
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTDR. SNEHA NAIR
 
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxraviapr7
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashasashalaycock03
 
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxOptical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxPurva Nikam
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
 
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Dr. Asif Anas
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSyedNadeemGillANi
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxvidhisharma994099
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 

Último (20)

3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
 
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic SupportMarch 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
 
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxOptical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
 
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 

The Stats Method

  • 1. Teaching Medical Students, Interns, and Residents to read Medical Literature: The STATS Method
  • 2. Session Objectives 1) Examine the current trends in physician use of medical literature. 2) Explain why teaching medical students, interns, and residents how to read medical literature is important. 3) Explore the STATS Method to research evaluation.
  • 3. Current Trends in Physician use of Medical Literature The Good, the Bad, and the Lack of Probability
  • 5. Growth in Clinical Trials According to the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, there are now around 1 million clinical trials that have been completed.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Growth in Medical Research In 2002 alone, there were 522,943 articles published in some 4,600 medical journals catalogued by PubMed. There is an abundance of medical research being conducted!
  • 11.
  • 12. That’s a total of 2,126,955 Articles in just the last 5 years
  • 13. According to the PubMed Website 1 , they have over 12 million citations dating back to the 1960s. So the last five years accounts for 18% of all of those citations.
  • 14. To stay up-to-date with the current medical literature, you would have to read about 6,000 research articles a day.
  • 15. How many minutes did you spend last week reading about your patients? 2 Stage of Career Range of median reading times % who reported NO reading in the last week Medical students 60-120 min 0% House officers 0-20 min up to 75% Senior house officers 10-30 min up to 15% Attendings 10-90 min up to 40% Senior Attendings 10-45 min up to 15% Consultants graduating since 1975 15-60 min up to 30% Consultants graduating pre-1975 10-45 min up to 40%
  • 16. Medical Knowledge with Years Since Graduation 3
  • 18. Statistics is simply a matter of mathematical probability. Most modern medical research is based in statistics.
  • 19. It is estimated that nearly 50% of all medical research articles contain serious methodological and/or statistical errors 4 .
  • 20. Why teaching medical students, interns, and residents about research is so important
  • 21. Paradigm Shift 5 E B M Evidence Based Medicine
  • 22. EBM Defined is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of EBM means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.
  • 23. Traditional vs. EBM Training Sackett et al. (1977) Study on EBM and Hypertension Treatment
  • 24. EBM in the USA In the early 1990s, JAMA established the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group 5 . This group, released a series of articles about reading medical literature throughout the 1990s and early 2000s 7 .
  • 25. The STATS Method
  • 26. S T A T S Sample Treatment Argument Testing Significance
  • 28. Questions to ask about the sample. 1. How were participants selected for inclusion in the study? 2. How were they approached for inclusion? 3. Do study participants have special characteristics?
  • 29. Questions to ask about the sample. 4. Do the demographics of the study bias the study in any direction? 5. Does the location of the participants bias the study in any direction? 6. What could you do as a researcher to prevent sampling bias?
  • 31. Treatment Defined “ Treatment” refers to those variables actively manipulated or measured in a scientific study.
  • 32. Variables Any entity that can take on different values.
  • 33. Dependent Variables The variable that is effected or not effected by another variable in a research study.
  • 34. Independent Variables The variable that is being manipulated or examined in a study to see if it effects the dependent variable.
  • 35. Ultimately We want Causation IV DV We want the IV to cause a difference in the DV.
  • 36. FOR EXAMPLE Bioloical Sex Physical Aggression Is there a difference between females and males and their use of physical aggression? The treatment is how we go about measuring and explaining this process.
  • 37. Questions to ask about the treatment. 1. What is the primary dependent variable studied in the article? 2. How did the researchers go about measuring this variable? 3. Did the researchers attempt to manipulate the target variable? If so, how?
  • 39. Logical argumentation should be the basis for all scientific research.
  • 40. A logical argument in science is called a hypothesis.
  • 41. Questions to ask about the arguments. 1. Was the argument for the study made clear in the article? 2. Is the article’s argument supported by current medical research and practice? 3. Is the argument in the article based on science or conjecture?
  • 43. Testing is the process a researcher goes through to either prove or not prove a hypothesis.
  • 44. Two Types of Tests 1. Difference Tests 2. Relationship Tests
  • 45. Difference Tests A difference test attempts to see if there is a difference between the means of two or more groups in relation to one or more dependent variable(s).
  • 46. FOR EXAMPLE Bioloical Sex Physical Aggression In this case, we wanted to see if there was a difference in the mean scores of female and male physical aggression.
  • 47.
  • 48. Relationship Tests A relationship test attempts to see if two (or more) variables can be plotted in a linear fashion.
  • 50.
  • 51. BIG NOTE Correlation does not mean causation However, Causation does mean Correlation
  • 53. What is the actual significance of this study? If research doesn’t say anything new, why should we care?
  • 55. Concluding Thoughts 1. EBM is a new direction for medical practitioners. 2. With the abundance of research available we have to be more cynical. 3. As people involved in post-graduate medical education, we need to teach critical analysis of research.
  • 56. Concluding Thoughts cont… 4. Ask questions about research based on the STATS method. 5. Learn more about how research is actually conducted. Don’t be a sucker!!! 6. One study does not equal science.
  • 57. Prepared by: Jason S. Wrench, Ed. D. Medical Educational Specialist West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine