SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 13
Download to read offline
Gujarat Technological University
L.D. College of Engineering
Year: 2016-17
Subject: Chemical Process Industries (2130505)
Topic : Manufacturing of Carbon Black
Name of the Student:
Jaydrath Sindhav (160283105011)
History of Carbon Black
 The first commercial nano-material. Carbon black was called "soot" in the west and "shouen"
in the east.
 In the 1740's, plant production started in the United States, and because of the production
method used, it was then called “lampblack.”
 The term "carbon black" originated in the 1870's, when products manufactured from natural
gas were sold under this name and since then the name prevails.
 An allotrope of carbon, mainly differing from graphite and so-called amorphous carbon by its
physical arrangement
 Used since more than 5000 years in pigmentation Found its major development with
automobile and more specifically the tyre industry as rubber reinforcing agent.
Carbon black properties
 Physicochemical properties
 1. Particle size : This refers to the size of an individual particle of carbon black, the
smaller the particle size the larger the specific surface.
 2. Structure : This shows the state of particles adhered to others of similar size and
also indicates oil absorption. The greater the oil absorption, the more complex the
configuration.
 3. Surface characteristic : Various functional groups are combined on the surface of
carbon black, by modifying the surface properties, we can change the compound
characteristics.
 4. Aggregate distribution : The size of the aggregates (individual carbon black
particles fused to other particles of a similar size) varies.
If the distribution is sharp, this indicates that there are many aggregates of the same
size.
Continue…
 1. Reinforcement : Carbon black is added to the rubber used in tire treads, to high-
pressure hoses, and has other demanding applications, as well as added to plastics as
material reinforcement.
 2. Conductivity : Conductive carbon black is added to natural rubber or other materials to
decrease their electrical resistance. For example: the conductivity of natural rubber is
1015Ωcm, whereas the conductivity of conductive rubber (natural rubber + conductive
carbon black) is between 1-1015Ωcm. It is believed that this characteristic is the result of
the structure of carbon black particles contacting each other which forms conductive
channels of electrons jumping between dispersed carbon black particles.
 3. Pigmentation : Carbon black has strong tint properties, it is heat stable and suitable for
plastic and film colouring. This property is believed to result from the particle size and the
structure's interaction with light.
 4. Preventive properties against ultraviolet degradation : Carbon black's absorption of
ultraviolet light is excellent. Adding carbon black to other materials prevents ultraviolet
degradation.
Carbon black common Uses
 1. Rubber reinforcement : Carbon black is a rubber-reinforcing additive used in a
multitude of rubber products. In particular, in case of vehicles, large amounts of
carbon black are used for tires. In addition, carbon black is used with rubber to
dampen earthquake vibration, in the soles of shoes and in many other products.
 2. Colours and pigments for plastics : Compared with other colorants, carbon black
has a high colouring power. Therefore. it is used as ink for printing newspapers, as
ink-jet toner, and other such uses. It is also suitable as a pigment for heat-molded
plastics, car fenders, coating for electric wires and other products.
 3. Electric equipment and conductive components : Since carbon black has
excellent conductive properties, it is used as a component for magnetic tapes and
semiconductors.
Carbon black manufacturing process
 Carbon black is produced by combusting oil or gas with a great deal of oxygen inside
large furnaces. The furnace walls lined with bricks become very hot because the oxygen
and oil combust.
 By varying the amount of oil and air, the internal temperature of the furnace can be
altered, which permits manipulation of the particle size and particle connections of the
carbon black being produced.
 The time required to produce carbon black from oil is so short that it cannot be confirmed
by the human eye
Classification of carbon black manufacturing processes
Manufacturing process Raw material Manufacturing method Explanation
Incomplete combustion
Aromatic hydrocarbon oil Oil furnace
This is currently the most common
method
Mineral/vegetable oils Lampblack Oldest industrial method
Natural gas
Channel
Flames contact the lower surface of
a channel (an H-shaped steel beam)
Gas furnace
Useful for fine-particle carbon
black
Thermal decomposition
Acetylene Acetylene decomposition
As this is a heat-generation
reaction, continuous production is
possible
Natural gas Thermal
Combustion and thermal
decomposition are repeated in
cycles
Oil furnace method
 he furnace method is a carbon black production method that uses continual thermal decomposition
of feedstock using heat generated by the combustion of fuel and air.
 To resist high temperatures, a special reaction section is lined with a heat-resistant material. Hot air
and fuel (oil) are introduced into this section to undergo complete combustion, which elevates the
temperature to 1300 degrees.
 When a high-temperature atmosphere is formed, feedstock oil is continuously atomized for thermal
decomposition.
 High-temperature gas with carbon black formed downstream of the reactor is atomized with water
to quickly lower its temperature to 1000 degrees, which stops the reaction.
 The time between carbon black formation and the end of the reaction is extremely short—generally
around a few milliseconds to 2 seconds.
Continue…
 During this short reaction process, adjustments made to the reactor shape and
manufacturing conditions—such as the reactor's temperature and reaction time—make
possible the manufacture of carbon black with different particle sizes and structures
(particle bonds).
Lampblack method
 This method has been used since ancient times and consists of heating resin from trees to
produce carbon black. In Europe, this method was used until the middle of the 1930's,
when it was replaced by the furnace method.
 Lampblack manufacturing equipment consists of a metallic plate to place the raw material,
and a cover with a heat-resistant lining for collection. Between the metallic plate and the
cover, there is a space into which air can penetrate. Adjusting the amount of air controls the
carbon black quality. Radiant heat from the cover vaporizes the raw material and produces
partial combustion, resulting in carbon black.
Channel Process
 This method forms carbon black by bringing partially combusted fuel, which is generated
with natural gas as raw material, into contact with channel steel (H-shaped steel) and then
collecting the carbon black which results.
 There are yield and environment issues around this method, and therefore has lost the
leading role as the mass production process to the furnace process. This method, however,
provides carbon black with many functional groups on the surface, being used in some
painting applications.
Acetylene Black Process & Gas Furnace Process
 Acetylene Black Process
 This process obtains carbon black by thermally decomposing acetylene gas. It provides
carbon black with higher structures and higher crystallinity, and is mainly used for electric
conductive agents.
 Furnace Black Process
 This method forms carbon black by blowing petroleum oil or coal oil as raw material
(feedstock oil) into high-temperature gases to combust them partially. This method is
suitable for mass production due to its high yield, and allows wide control over its
properties such as particle size or structure. This is currently the most common method
used for manufacturing carbon black for various applications from rubber reinforcement to
colouring.
Thanks…

More Related Content

What's hot

Styrene Butadiene Rubber
Styrene Butadiene RubberStyrene Butadiene Rubber
Styrene Butadiene RubberAsad Jamil
 
Styrene butadiene rubber
Styrene butadiene rubberStyrene butadiene rubber
Styrene butadiene rubberKareem Tharaa
 
An introduction to rubber technology
An introduction to rubber   technologyAn introduction to rubber   technology
An introduction to rubber technologyDbajwa Pk
 
16 natural and synthetic rubber
16 natural and synthetic rubber16 natural and synthetic rubber
16 natural and synthetic rubberNaveen Choudhary
 
Natural and synthetic rubber
Natural and synthetic rubberNatural and synthetic rubber
Natural and synthetic rubberZaidKhan281
 
Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin
Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde ResinPreparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin
Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde ResinRajab Ali
 
Chloroprene rubber (neoprene)
Chloroprene rubber (neoprene) Chloroprene rubber (neoprene)
Chloroprene rubber (neoprene) Meet Zadafiya
 
Styrene butadiene rubbers
Styrene butadiene rubbersStyrene butadiene rubbers
Styrene butadiene rubbersSherin Peter
 
Vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber.
Vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber.Vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber.
Vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber.Pankaj Das
 
Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE)Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE)Kamal Batra
 
Polymers in everyday life.
Polymers in everyday life.Polymers in everyday life.
Polymers in everyday life.Pankaj Das
 

What's hot (20)

Phenolic resins,
Phenolic resins,Phenolic resins,
Phenolic resins,
 
Styrene Butadiene Rubber
Styrene Butadiene RubberStyrene Butadiene Rubber
Styrene Butadiene Rubber
 
Styrene butadiene rubber
Styrene butadiene rubberStyrene butadiene rubber
Styrene butadiene rubber
 
An introduction to rubber technology
An introduction to rubber   technologyAn introduction to rubber   technology
An introduction to rubber technology
 
16 natural and synthetic rubber
16 natural and synthetic rubber16 natural and synthetic rubber
16 natural and synthetic rubber
 
Natural and synthetic rubber
Natural and synthetic rubberNatural and synthetic rubber
Natural and synthetic rubber
 
Presentation on
Presentation onPresentation on
Presentation on
 
Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin
Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde ResinPreparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin
Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin
 
Rubber fillers
Rubber fillers   Rubber fillers
Rubber fillers
 
Poly-butadiene
Poly-butadiene Poly-butadiene
Poly-butadiene
 
Polyvinylacetate
PolyvinylacetatePolyvinylacetate
Polyvinylacetate
 
Chloroprene rubber (neoprene)
Chloroprene rubber (neoprene) Chloroprene rubber (neoprene)
Chloroprene rubber (neoprene)
 
Styrene butadiene rubbers
Styrene butadiene rubbersStyrene butadiene rubbers
Styrene butadiene rubbers
 
NATURAL RUBBER
NATURAL RUBBERNATURAL RUBBER
NATURAL RUBBER
 
Synthetic rubber by nikhil gupta
Synthetic rubber by nikhil guptaSynthetic rubber by nikhil gupta
Synthetic rubber by nikhil gupta
 
Polypropylene
PolypropylenePolypropylene
Polypropylene
 
Introduction to Polymer composites
Introduction to Polymer composites  Introduction to Polymer composites
Introduction to Polymer composites
 
Vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber.
Vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber.Vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber.
Vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber.
 
Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE)Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE)
 
Polymers in everyday life.
Polymers in everyday life.Polymers in everyday life.
Polymers in everyday life.
 

Viewers also liked

Black Carbon Ltd Presentation 2009
Black Carbon Ltd Presentation 2009Black Carbon Ltd Presentation 2009
Black Carbon Ltd Presentation 2009blackcarbon
 
Recovered Carbon Black: Now a Commercial Scale Product for the Tyre Industry
Recovered Carbon Black: Now a Commercial Scale Product for the Tyre IndustryRecovered Carbon Black: Now a Commercial Scale Product for the Tyre Industry
Recovered Carbon Black: Now a Commercial Scale Product for the Tyre Industrycct Stegelitz GmbH (carbon clean tech)
 
Research Experience for Undergraduates : Comparative flexural behaviour of ce...
Research Experience for Undergraduates : Comparative flexural behaviour of ce...Research Experience for Undergraduates : Comparative flexural behaviour of ce...
Research Experience for Undergraduates : Comparative flexural behaviour of ce...Nishanth Patil
 
60/70 Bitumen Properties with Carbon Black Additives
60/70 Bitumen Properties with Carbon Black Additives60/70 Bitumen Properties with Carbon Black Additives
60/70 Bitumen Properties with Carbon Black AdditivesKhalida Khalid
 
Exposure assessment and controls at carbon black manufacturing sites in chian
Exposure assessment and controls at carbon black manufacturing sites in chianExposure assessment and controls at carbon black manufacturing sites in chian
Exposure assessment and controls at carbon black manufacturing sites in chianAbhinav Asthana
 
DESIGN ENGINEERING - I on GAS - LIQUID
DESIGN ENGINEERING - I on GAS - LIQUIDDESIGN ENGINEERING - I on GAS - LIQUID
DESIGN ENGINEERING - I on GAS - LIQUIDJaydrath Sindhav
 
Refractories industry in india
Refractories industry in indiaRefractories industry in india
Refractories industry in indiaRanjan Kotian
 
H-acid manufacturing process
H-acid  manufacturing processH-acid  manufacturing process
H-acid manufacturing processJaydrath Sindhav
 
Combustion Reactions
Combustion ReactionsCombustion Reactions
Combustion Reactionsguest19ed2e38
 
classification of refractories and commonly used refractory bricks
classification of refractories and commonly used refractory bricksclassification of refractories and commonly used refractory bricks
classification of refractories and commonly used refractory brickssunrise refractory
 
Performance assessment of boilers,steam system,insulation & refractories
Performance assessment of boilers,steam system,insulation & refractoriesPerformance assessment of boilers,steam system,insulation & refractories
Performance assessment of boilers,steam system,insulation & refractoriesghoshshweta
 
01 the plastic wastes (management, handling &
01  the plastic wastes (management, handling &01  the plastic wastes (management, handling &
01 the plastic wastes (management, handling &Yogesh Kumar Upadhyay
 
Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016
Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016
Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016Debashree Dutta
 
Energy performance assessment of boilers
Energy performance assessment of boilersEnergy performance assessment of boilers
Energy performance assessment of boilersUtsav Jain
 
17 rubber compounding ppt kiran
17 rubber compounding ppt kiran17 rubber compounding ppt kiran
17 rubber compounding ppt kiranNaveen Choudhary
 
Rubber presentation slide
Rubber presentation slideRubber presentation slide
Rubber presentation slideYap Xin
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Black Carbon Ltd Presentation 2009
Black Carbon Ltd Presentation 2009Black Carbon Ltd Presentation 2009
Black Carbon Ltd Presentation 2009
 
Recovered Carbon Black: Now a Commercial Scale Product for the Tyre Industry
Recovered Carbon Black: Now a Commercial Scale Product for the Tyre IndustryRecovered Carbon Black: Now a Commercial Scale Product for the Tyre Industry
Recovered Carbon Black: Now a Commercial Scale Product for the Tyre Industry
 
Research Experience for Undergraduates : Comparative flexural behaviour of ce...
Research Experience for Undergraduates : Comparative flexural behaviour of ce...Research Experience for Undergraduates : Comparative flexural behaviour of ce...
Research Experience for Undergraduates : Comparative flexural behaviour of ce...
 
60/70 Bitumen Properties with Carbon Black Additives
60/70 Bitumen Properties with Carbon Black Additives60/70 Bitumen Properties with Carbon Black Additives
60/70 Bitumen Properties with Carbon Black Additives
 
Definition and measurement of marine black carbon emissions
Definition and measurement of marine black carbon emissionsDefinition and measurement of marine black carbon emissions
Definition and measurement of marine black carbon emissions
 
Patent 3
Patent 3Patent 3
Patent 3
 
Exposure assessment and controls at carbon black manufacturing sites in chian
Exposure assessment and controls at carbon black manufacturing sites in chianExposure assessment and controls at carbon black manufacturing sites in chian
Exposure assessment and controls at carbon black manufacturing sites in chian
 
Pt-Catalyst-RSC-Advances
Pt-Catalyst-RSC-AdvancesPt-Catalyst-RSC-Advances
Pt-Catalyst-RSC-Advances
 
DESIGN ENGINEERING - I on GAS - LIQUID
DESIGN ENGINEERING - I on GAS - LIQUIDDESIGN ENGINEERING - I on GAS - LIQUID
DESIGN ENGINEERING - I on GAS - LIQUID
 
Refractories industry in india
Refractories industry in indiaRefractories industry in india
Refractories industry in india
 
H-acid manufacturing process
H-acid  manufacturing processH-acid  manufacturing process
H-acid manufacturing process
 
Combustion Reactions
Combustion ReactionsCombustion Reactions
Combustion Reactions
 
classification of refractories and commonly used refractory bricks
classification of refractories and commonly used refractory bricksclassification of refractories and commonly used refractory bricks
classification of refractories and commonly used refractory bricks
 
Performance assessment of boilers,steam system,insulation & refractories
Performance assessment of boilers,steam system,insulation & refractoriesPerformance assessment of boilers,steam system,insulation & refractories
Performance assessment of boilers,steam system,insulation & refractories
 
01 the plastic wastes (management, handling &
01  the plastic wastes (management, handling &01  the plastic wastes (management, handling &
01 the plastic wastes (management, handling &
 
Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016
Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016
Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016
 
Energy performance assessment of boilers
Energy performance assessment of boilersEnergy performance assessment of boilers
Energy performance assessment of boilers
 
17 rubber compounding ppt kiran
17 rubber compounding ppt kiran17 rubber compounding ppt kiran
17 rubber compounding ppt kiran
 
SELF HEALING POLYMER COMPOSITES
SELF HEALING POLYMER COMPOSITES SELF HEALING POLYMER COMPOSITES
SELF HEALING POLYMER COMPOSITES
 
Rubber presentation slide
Rubber presentation slideRubber presentation slide
Rubber presentation slide
 

Similar to manufacturing of carbon black

Carbon fiber formation
Carbon fiber formationCarbon fiber formation
Carbon fiber formationAshraful Himel
 
Textiles in automotive
Textiles in automotiveTextiles in automotive
Textiles in automotivesherajul haque
 
Formation of carbon fibers and application
Formation of carbon fibers and applicationFormation of carbon fibers and application
Formation of carbon fibers and applicationNazmul Hossain Khan
 
Carbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applications
Carbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applicationsCarbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applications
Carbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applicationsrohannaik42
 
Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (Carbocrete)
Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (Carbocrete)Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (Carbocrete)
Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (Carbocrete)fathyibrahim
 
Extraction of Carbon Black from Organic Compound
Extraction of Carbon Black from Organic CompoundExtraction of Carbon Black from Organic Compound
Extraction of Carbon Black from Organic CompoundIRJET Journal
 
Carbon fibre final ppt
Carbon fibre final pptCarbon fibre final ppt
Carbon fibre final pptSantosh Sharma
 
Impact of selective surface on perfarmance of solar
Impact of selective surface on perfarmance of solarImpact of selective surface on perfarmance of solar
Impact of selective surface on perfarmance of solarnaga rajan
 
Charactarizes, applications and obtainnign of Black carbo nanotubes .ppt
Charactarizes, applications and obtainnign of Black carbo nanotubes .pptCharactarizes, applications and obtainnign of Black carbo nanotubes .ppt
Charactarizes, applications and obtainnign of Black carbo nanotubes .pptMuhammadHashami2
 
Ug carbon carbon composite
Ug  carbon carbon compositeUg  carbon carbon composite
Ug carbon carbon compositeSethu Ram
 

Similar to manufacturing of carbon black (20)

Carbon fiber formation
Carbon fiber formationCarbon fiber formation
Carbon fiber formation
 
Textiles in automotive
Textiles in automotiveTextiles in automotive
Textiles in automotive
 
Carbon fibres(snigdha)
Carbon fibres(snigdha)Carbon fibres(snigdha)
Carbon fibres(snigdha)
 
Formation of carbon fibers and application
Formation of carbon fibers and applicationFormation of carbon fibers and application
Formation of carbon fibers and application
 
Carbon carbon composite
Carbon carbon compositeCarbon carbon composite
Carbon carbon composite
 
Carbon fibre
Carbon fibreCarbon fibre
Carbon fibre
 
CW1 Report
CW1 ReportCW1 Report
CW1 Report
 
Carbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applications
Carbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applicationsCarbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applications
Carbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applications
 
Carbon fiber.1
Carbon fiber.1Carbon fiber.1
Carbon fiber.1
 
Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (Carbocrete)
Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (Carbocrete)Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (Carbocrete)
Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (Carbocrete)
 
Extraction of Carbon Black from Organic Compound
Extraction of Carbon Black from Organic CompoundExtraction of Carbon Black from Organic Compound
Extraction of Carbon Black from Organic Compound
 
Carbon fibre final ppt
Carbon fibre final pptCarbon fibre final ppt
Carbon fibre final ppt
 
carbon fibre
carbon fibrecarbon fibre
carbon fibre
 
R & D Booklet Final
R & D Booklet FinalR & D Booklet Final
R & D Booklet Final
 
Impact of selective surface on perfarmance of solar
Impact of selective surface on perfarmance of solarImpact of selective surface on perfarmance of solar
Impact of selective surface on perfarmance of solar
 
carbon fiber
carbon fiber carbon fiber
carbon fiber
 
All about Carbo Fiber
All about Carbo FiberAll about Carbo Fiber
All about Carbo Fiber
 
Charactarizes, applications and obtainnign of Black carbo nanotubes .ppt
Charactarizes, applications and obtainnign of Black carbo nanotubes .pptCharactarizes, applications and obtainnign of Black carbo nanotubes .ppt
Charactarizes, applications and obtainnign of Black carbo nanotubes .ppt
 
Ug carbon carbon composite
Ug  carbon carbon compositeUg  carbon carbon composite
Ug carbon carbon composite
 
Carbon for Steel Making
Carbon for Steel MakingCarbon for Steel Making
Carbon for Steel Making
 

More from Jaydrath Sindhav

Different settling methods in mechanical operations
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Different settling methods in mechanical operations
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Jaydrath Sindhav
 
basics of thermodynamics- chemical engg.
basics of thermodynamics- chemical engg.basics of thermodynamics- chemical engg.
basics of thermodynamics- chemical engg.Jaydrath Sindhav
 
the phase rule in chemical Eng.
the phase rule in chemical Eng.the phase rule in chemical Eng.
the phase rule in chemical Eng.Jaydrath Sindhav
 
orifice meter and pitot tube
orifice meter and pitot tubeorifice meter and pitot tube
orifice meter and pitot tubeJaydrath Sindhav
 
Shear Force Diagram and its exampls
Shear Force Diagram and its examplsShear Force Diagram and its exampls
Shear Force Diagram and its examplsJaydrath Sindhav
 
Laplace transform and its application
Laplace transform and its applicationLaplace transform and its application
Laplace transform and its applicationJaydrath Sindhav
 
extraction for process calculation
extraction for process calculationextraction for process calculation
extraction for process calculationJaydrath Sindhav
 

More from Jaydrath Sindhav (8)

Different settling methods in mechanical operations
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Different settling methods in mechanical operations
Different settling methods in mechanical operations
 
basics of thermodynamics- chemical engg.
basics of thermodynamics- chemical engg.basics of thermodynamics- chemical engg.
basics of thermodynamics- chemical engg.
 
the phase rule in chemical Eng.
the phase rule in chemical Eng.the phase rule in chemical Eng.
the phase rule in chemical Eng.
 
orifice meter and pitot tube
orifice meter and pitot tubeorifice meter and pitot tube
orifice meter and pitot tube
 
Types of Reaction
Types of ReactionTypes of Reaction
Types of Reaction
 
Shear Force Diagram and its exampls
Shear Force Diagram and its examplsShear Force Diagram and its exampls
Shear Force Diagram and its exampls
 
Laplace transform and its application
Laplace transform and its applicationLaplace transform and its application
Laplace transform and its application
 
extraction for process calculation
extraction for process calculationextraction for process calculation
extraction for process calculation
 

Recently uploaded

Phase noise transfer functions.pptx
Phase noise transfer      functions.pptxPhase noise transfer      functions.pptx
Phase noise transfer functions.pptxSaiGouthamSunkara
 
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdfsdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdfJulia Kaye
 
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationA Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationMohsinKhanA
 
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...amrabdallah9
 
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfHow to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfRedhwan Qasem Shaddad
 
The relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyThe relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyabdulkadirmukarram03
 
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxMohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxKISHAN KUMAR
 
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemsolar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemgokuldongala
 
Graphics Primitives and CG Display Devices
Graphics Primitives and CG Display DevicesGraphics Primitives and CG Display Devices
Graphics Primitives and CG Display DevicesDIPIKA83
 
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsModelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsYusuf Yıldız
 
Popular-NO1 Kala Jadu Expert Specialist In Germany Kala Jadu Expert Specialis...
Popular-NO1 Kala Jadu Expert Specialist In Germany Kala Jadu Expert Specialis...Popular-NO1 Kala Jadu Expert Specialist In Germany Kala Jadu Expert Specialis...
Popular-NO1 Kala Jadu Expert Specialist In Germany Kala Jadu Expert Specialis...Amil baba
 
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....santhyamuthu1
 
News web APP using NEWS API for web platform to enhancing user experience
News web APP using NEWS API for web platform to enhancing user experienceNews web APP using NEWS API for web platform to enhancing user experience
News web APP using NEWS API for web platform to enhancing user experienceAkashJha84
 
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratoryدليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide LaboratoryBahzad5
 
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptxDesign Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptxrajesshs31r
 
Summer training report on BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for DIPLOMA Students.pdf
Summer training report on BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for DIPLOMA Students.pdfSummer training report on BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for DIPLOMA Students.pdf
Summer training report on BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for DIPLOMA Students.pdfNaveenVerma126
 
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai searchChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai searchrohitcse52
 
Technical Management of cement industry.pdf
Technical Management of cement industry.pdfTechnical Management of cement industry.pdf
Technical Management of cement industry.pdfMadan Karki
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Lecture 2 .pdf
Lecture 2                           .pdfLecture 2                           .pdf
Lecture 2 .pdf
 
Phase noise transfer functions.pptx
Phase noise transfer      functions.pptxPhase noise transfer      functions.pptx
Phase noise transfer functions.pptx
 
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdfsdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
 
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationA Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
 
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
 
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfHow to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
 
The relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyThe relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technology
 
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxMohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
 
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemsolar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
 
Graphics Primitives and CG Display Devices
Graphics Primitives and CG Display DevicesGraphics Primitives and CG Display Devices
Graphics Primitives and CG Display Devices
 
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsModelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
 
Popular-NO1 Kala Jadu Expert Specialist In Germany Kala Jadu Expert Specialis...
Popular-NO1 Kala Jadu Expert Specialist In Germany Kala Jadu Expert Specialis...Popular-NO1 Kala Jadu Expert Specialist In Germany Kala Jadu Expert Specialis...
Popular-NO1 Kala Jadu Expert Specialist In Germany Kala Jadu Expert Specialis...
 
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
 
Litature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
Litature Review: Research Paper work for EngineeringLitature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
Litature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
 
News web APP using NEWS API for web platform to enhancing user experience
News web APP using NEWS API for web platform to enhancing user experienceNews web APP using NEWS API for web platform to enhancing user experience
News web APP using NEWS API for web platform to enhancing user experience
 
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratoryدليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
 
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptxDesign Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
 
Summer training report on BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for DIPLOMA Students.pdf
Summer training report on BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for DIPLOMA Students.pdfSummer training report on BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for DIPLOMA Students.pdf
Summer training report on BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for DIPLOMA Students.pdf
 
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai searchChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
 
Technical Management of cement industry.pdf
Technical Management of cement industry.pdfTechnical Management of cement industry.pdf
Technical Management of cement industry.pdf
 

manufacturing of carbon black

  • 1. Gujarat Technological University L.D. College of Engineering Year: 2016-17 Subject: Chemical Process Industries (2130505) Topic : Manufacturing of Carbon Black Name of the Student: Jaydrath Sindhav (160283105011)
  • 2. History of Carbon Black  The first commercial nano-material. Carbon black was called "soot" in the west and "shouen" in the east.  In the 1740's, plant production started in the United States, and because of the production method used, it was then called “lampblack.”  The term "carbon black" originated in the 1870's, when products manufactured from natural gas were sold under this name and since then the name prevails.  An allotrope of carbon, mainly differing from graphite and so-called amorphous carbon by its physical arrangement  Used since more than 5000 years in pigmentation Found its major development with automobile and more specifically the tyre industry as rubber reinforcing agent.
  • 3. Carbon black properties  Physicochemical properties  1. Particle size : This refers to the size of an individual particle of carbon black, the smaller the particle size the larger the specific surface.  2. Structure : This shows the state of particles adhered to others of similar size and also indicates oil absorption. The greater the oil absorption, the more complex the configuration.  3. Surface characteristic : Various functional groups are combined on the surface of carbon black, by modifying the surface properties, we can change the compound characteristics.  4. Aggregate distribution : The size of the aggregates (individual carbon black particles fused to other particles of a similar size) varies. If the distribution is sharp, this indicates that there are many aggregates of the same size.
  • 4. Continue…  1. Reinforcement : Carbon black is added to the rubber used in tire treads, to high- pressure hoses, and has other demanding applications, as well as added to plastics as material reinforcement.  2. Conductivity : Conductive carbon black is added to natural rubber or other materials to decrease their electrical resistance. For example: the conductivity of natural rubber is 1015Ωcm, whereas the conductivity of conductive rubber (natural rubber + conductive carbon black) is between 1-1015Ωcm. It is believed that this characteristic is the result of the structure of carbon black particles contacting each other which forms conductive channels of electrons jumping between dispersed carbon black particles.  3. Pigmentation : Carbon black has strong tint properties, it is heat stable and suitable for plastic and film colouring. This property is believed to result from the particle size and the structure's interaction with light.  4. Preventive properties against ultraviolet degradation : Carbon black's absorption of ultraviolet light is excellent. Adding carbon black to other materials prevents ultraviolet degradation.
  • 5. Carbon black common Uses  1. Rubber reinforcement : Carbon black is a rubber-reinforcing additive used in a multitude of rubber products. In particular, in case of vehicles, large amounts of carbon black are used for tires. In addition, carbon black is used with rubber to dampen earthquake vibration, in the soles of shoes and in many other products.  2. Colours and pigments for plastics : Compared with other colorants, carbon black has a high colouring power. Therefore. it is used as ink for printing newspapers, as ink-jet toner, and other such uses. It is also suitable as a pigment for heat-molded plastics, car fenders, coating for electric wires and other products.  3. Electric equipment and conductive components : Since carbon black has excellent conductive properties, it is used as a component for magnetic tapes and semiconductors.
  • 6. Carbon black manufacturing process  Carbon black is produced by combusting oil or gas with a great deal of oxygen inside large furnaces. The furnace walls lined with bricks become very hot because the oxygen and oil combust.  By varying the amount of oil and air, the internal temperature of the furnace can be altered, which permits manipulation of the particle size and particle connections of the carbon black being produced.  The time required to produce carbon black from oil is so short that it cannot be confirmed by the human eye
  • 7. Classification of carbon black manufacturing processes Manufacturing process Raw material Manufacturing method Explanation Incomplete combustion Aromatic hydrocarbon oil Oil furnace This is currently the most common method Mineral/vegetable oils Lampblack Oldest industrial method Natural gas Channel Flames contact the lower surface of a channel (an H-shaped steel beam) Gas furnace Useful for fine-particle carbon black Thermal decomposition Acetylene Acetylene decomposition As this is a heat-generation reaction, continuous production is possible Natural gas Thermal Combustion and thermal decomposition are repeated in cycles
  • 8. Oil furnace method  he furnace method is a carbon black production method that uses continual thermal decomposition of feedstock using heat generated by the combustion of fuel and air.  To resist high temperatures, a special reaction section is lined with a heat-resistant material. Hot air and fuel (oil) are introduced into this section to undergo complete combustion, which elevates the temperature to 1300 degrees.  When a high-temperature atmosphere is formed, feedstock oil is continuously atomized for thermal decomposition.  High-temperature gas with carbon black formed downstream of the reactor is atomized with water to quickly lower its temperature to 1000 degrees, which stops the reaction.  The time between carbon black formation and the end of the reaction is extremely short—generally around a few milliseconds to 2 seconds.
  • 9. Continue…  During this short reaction process, adjustments made to the reactor shape and manufacturing conditions—such as the reactor's temperature and reaction time—make possible the manufacture of carbon black with different particle sizes and structures (particle bonds).
  • 10. Lampblack method  This method has been used since ancient times and consists of heating resin from trees to produce carbon black. In Europe, this method was used until the middle of the 1930's, when it was replaced by the furnace method.  Lampblack manufacturing equipment consists of a metallic plate to place the raw material, and a cover with a heat-resistant lining for collection. Between the metallic plate and the cover, there is a space into which air can penetrate. Adjusting the amount of air controls the carbon black quality. Radiant heat from the cover vaporizes the raw material and produces partial combustion, resulting in carbon black.
  • 11. Channel Process  This method forms carbon black by bringing partially combusted fuel, which is generated with natural gas as raw material, into contact with channel steel (H-shaped steel) and then collecting the carbon black which results.  There are yield and environment issues around this method, and therefore has lost the leading role as the mass production process to the furnace process. This method, however, provides carbon black with many functional groups on the surface, being used in some painting applications.
  • 12. Acetylene Black Process & Gas Furnace Process  Acetylene Black Process  This process obtains carbon black by thermally decomposing acetylene gas. It provides carbon black with higher structures and higher crystallinity, and is mainly used for electric conductive agents.  Furnace Black Process  This method forms carbon black by blowing petroleum oil or coal oil as raw material (feedstock oil) into high-temperature gases to combust them partially. This method is suitable for mass production due to its high yield, and allows wide control over its properties such as particle size or structure. This is currently the most common method used for manufacturing carbon black for various applications from rubber reinforcement to colouring.