opera.ppt

opera.ppt
11/15/2022 1 The Romantic Era The Nineteenth Century: Opera, Brahms, and Nationalism
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-2 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Some Important Romantic Composers of Opera  Italian  Rossini--operas in Italian and French  Verdi--an innovator in Italian opera  Puccini--settings in foreign lands  German  von Weber--stage effects and mysticism  Wagner--music dramas  French  Offenbach--French comic opera style, operettas  Bizet--cool reviews by audiences and critics, but later acclaimed
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-3 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Romantic Opera: Background Information  Opera was “grand.”  Musical and “extra-musical” ideas of Romanticism could be expressed fully.  The libretto, staging, acting, costumes, sets, and characters added to the expression of the instrumental music.  Audiences loved the spectacle.  Opera performers were “stars.”
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-4 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Subjects of Typical Romantic Operas  Beethoven--Fidelio-- heroism, love, death  Von Weber--Der Freishcültz--magic, supernatural, mysterious  Verdi--La Traviata-- love, death, beauty  Wagner--Die Walküre--hero, supernatural, love  Bizet--Carmen-- common man, love, death, exotic cultures  Puccini--Madama Butterfly and Turandot--distant lands, travel, exotic cultures, love, death
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-5 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Earlier Opera vs. Romantic Operation  Before 1800  A series of songs (arias and duets)  Thin plot lines  Choruses and instrumental music are fillers, introductions, or interludes  During arias, action stops  After 1800  Performers act as characters in a tightly knit plot  Choruses and instrumental music integral to story  Opera showcases not only musical brilliance but grand spectacle of drama
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-6 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Italian Romantic Opera: Characteristics  Italian = dominant language  Bel canto style continues  Verdi’s innovations--typical of period  High quality librettos; arias grew out of plot and blended with action  Plot and staging discouraged interruptions of mood and story for applause  Human, believable characters  Instrumental passages integral to mood, highly expressive; not just fillers
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-7 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Giuseppe Verdi (1813- 1901)  Born in Busseto, Italy, where he studied music until age 18.  Couldn’t play piano well enough to study at Milan Conservatory, so studied privately.  Composed more than 25 operas, many for Milan’s famous opera house, La Scala.  Was also a politician--appointed to Italian parliament and elected to the senate.  Established a home for retired opera singers.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-8 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Giuseppe Verdi(1813-1901)  Music education funded by prosperous merchant  Married merchant’s daughter  Wife & two children died  Gave up composing for a year due to these tragedies, failed opera  Nebucco-story of Nebuchadnezzar, relaunched career  Re-married, composed opera in his eighties
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-9 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Guiseppe Verdi (1813 - 1901)  Verdi lived in an unmarried relationship with a woman; this is reflected in the story of La Traviata.  Verdi sought to reform cultural and political conventions through his art and his activities.  Advocated for the unification of Italy.  Elected to the newly constituted Italian parliament in 1860.  Other important compositions  Operas Il Travatore, Rigoletto, Aïda, Otello, Falstaff  Requiem--a Mass for the Dead
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-10 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verdi  Subjects of operas & sources  Rigoletto-Victor Hugo  “La donna mobile”-Duke’s aria, expresses pleasure- seeking personality  Knew it would be popular, waited until opening night to rehearse it  La Traviata-Alexander Dumas  Pretty Woman opera  Othello  Macbeth
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-11 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verismo  After the Romanticism of Bellini and others, Italian opera entered a “realistic”(verismo) phase, with true to life individuals and true emotions expressed  Strong emotional situations, speed of action, and contrast with plenty of opportunity for exciting, lusty, ferocious melodies and rhythms
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-12 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verismo  A typical plot involves:  X(soprano) and Y(tenor) have a project in common. They may or may not achieve it in the fact of Z(mezzo or bass antagonist). Paternal or maternal type(W) may help or interfere. X and Y are forced to make a moral choice which usually causes their downfall.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-13 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verdi  Verdi’s ideas are of unswerving fidelity to themes, certain emotions, and morals (behavioral, political, social, sexual)  Glorifies honor, patriotism, and father-daughter relationships  Exhibits hatred of oppression, inequality, and tyranny  Through all, judges his characters with understanding, compassion, and indulgence
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-14 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Guiseppe Verdi (1813 - 1901)
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-15 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)  Born in Lucca, Italy; family were church composers; started out wanting to do that  After seeing Aida, went to study opera composition at Milan Conservatory  An important Italian opera composer of the Late Romantic Period  Settings for some important operas are exotic: Madama Butterfly (Japan), Turandot (China), The Girl of the Golden West (California, U.S.A), Tosca
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-16 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Giacomo Puccini(1858- 1924)  Younger, not as sophisticated  Used verismo  Characters rejected heroic, mythological concepts  La boheme  Story of artsy, hippie lifestyle on Left Bank of Seine in Paris
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-17 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 La boheme  Poet, painter, philosopher, musician  Struggling for money & food  Mimi meets Rodolfo(poet), they fall in love  She dies of TB  Not as long as typical 19th century opera  Still very popular
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-18 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 French Opera: Characteristics  Paris became opera capital of Europe.  Known for elaborate productions  French opera  Popular with middle class audiences  Enjoyed the spectacle--singing, dancing, costumes, staging, sets  Large choruses, ballet, and lavish sets particularly important in French grand opera  Less elaborate staging; lighter subjects; less pretentious; emphasis on satire and wit  Jacques Offenbach--first to write in this style
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-19 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Carmen  A landmark in French opera  Classified as opéra comique because it included spoken dialogue; it was really a tragic story.  Story of two doomed lovers in Seville, Spain  Began a trend of operatic realism (called verismo) that inspired such famous operas as La bohéme and Tosca (Puccini).
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-20 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Opera Divas  Diva--means “the goddess.”  More than a singer; a diva is a phenomenon.  Life story fascinates audiences as much as virtuosic singing.  Famous operatic divas  Maria Callas, Renata Tebaldi, Joan Sutherland, and Kiri Te Kanawa
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-21 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 German Opera: Characteristics  German composers began to compose in German: Mozart (The Magic Flute), von Weber--Der Freischütz (The Freeshooter).  Librettos involved magic, mysticism, the supernatural, distant and exotic lands and cultures, love, and heroes.  Rejected the stories of court intrigues and farces.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-22 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 German Opera  Very different from Italian  Language more guttural, music heavier, less light-hearted  Nordic gods instead of Greeks  Carl Maria von Weber-Der Freischutz  Based on German folklore  Offers mysticism, rustic scenes, etc.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-23 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Wagner’s Music Dramas Romantic Opera in The Extreme Gesamtkunstwerk Elaborate Staging, Sets, Costumes Extremely Long, Complex Lietmotif Music Drama  Unification of drama & music  Musical theme represents person, place, idea  As long as 5 hours-intermissions long enough to go to dinner and return  Expensive and sometimes garish  The idea: a total asthetic experience in one
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-24 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Wagner  Created “Grand Opera”, or Music Drama  Wrote own libretto  Mythological topics, appealed best to emotions  Philosophical overtones: good vs. evil, contest between physical & spiritual, redemption through love  Characters pawns of uncontrollable forces
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-25 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Wagner  Grand Opera  Longer, more instruments, more characters  Doubled winds, added percussion  Not accepted at time, more after Wagner’s death  Full of emotion  Eliminated recitative, aria, chorus to achieve unending melody  More chromatic harmony, no idea for tonic  Orchestra more important, bigger and louder
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-26 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Der Ring des Nibelungen  Greatest musical achievement  Opera Cycle  “It ain’t over till the fat lady sings.”
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-27 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Richard Wagner The Valkyrie, Act III  Story: In The Valkyrie, the main characters are Wotan (chief of the gods), his daughter Brünnhilde (a warrior-like Valkyrie). Brünnhilde has intervened on behalf of a human couple, and Wotan condemns her to death. She pleads for a lesser sentence and is stripped of her godlike powers, put into a deep sleep, and surrounded with a ring of fire that can be crossed only by someone who isn’t afraid of Wotan’s spear. In this scene Wotan is saying goodbye to his beloved daughter and summons Loge to create the circle of fire.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-28 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Richard Wagner The Leitmotif  Leitmotif--a brief musical phrase or idea that is connected dramatically to some person, event, or idea in the drama  When the leitmotif is heard, it causes the audience to recognize the person, event or idea.  Similar to the “shark theme” in Jaws.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-29 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Wagner and Tolkien: The Ring and Lord of the Rings  Both contain 4 works; the first is a prelude to the rest of the story; based on Nordic myths.  Both emphasize the power of the ring and the grief it brings the owner who covets the power.  The plots center on people’s efforts to own and control the ring.  Both start with a state of purity that is corrupted later and then restored.  Both feature giants, dragons, dwarves, a riddling match, and a shattered sword recast to be more powerful.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-30 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Richard Wagner (1813 - 1883)  The most controversial composer who ever lived--some love him; some hate him.  Controversial figure--had very questionable character to achieve goals; an anti-Semite who may have influenced Hitler  Operas are full of social and political ideas.  Rienzi-1st success  Born in Leipzig, son of police officer.  Studied music of Beethoven.  Held a series of positions as conductor.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-31 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Richard Wagner (1813 - 1883)  Fled Germany in 1848; first to house of Liszt, then to Switzerland; lived there for 10 years.  Second wife: Cosima Liszt  King Ludwig II of Bavaria supported him and his art.  Built a large opera house in Bayreuth--called Festspielhaus (“a festival drama house”).  1876-1st Bayreuth Festival, continues today  Oversaw the building of the opera house and all the performances there  Buried at opera house
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-32 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Richard Wagner Other Operas  The Flying Dutchman  Tannhäuser  Lohengrin  Tristan und Isolde  Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg  Parsifal
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-33 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Some History of Late 19th Century  Professional composers supported themselves; they were celebrities.  Public concert societies promoted and staged concerts  Philharmonic and Symphony Orchestra Societies sprang up in Europe and the U.S.  New York Philharmonic, Boston Symphony, etc.  Concert audiences grew and so did the demand for new music; composers had enthusiastic audiences.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-34 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Role of the Conductor  Primarily to keep the musicians playing together  Also to interpret the music through communicating nuances of dynamics, rhythm, texture, and timbre.  Instrument IS the orchestra.  Famous conductors--Arturo Toscanini (NBC Orchestra in United States), Leonard Bernstein (New York Philharmonic)
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-35 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Two Movements in Mainstream Concert Music  Radical: led by Wagner  Form of music subservient to emotional expression  Wandering tonality  Loose, vague forms  Reliance on extramusical associations  Music dramas, operas  Traditional: led by Brahms  Forms and tonality still important; should be recognizable  Minimal extramusical associations  Minimal emotionalism  Chamber music, solo concertos, symphonies
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-36 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)  Born in Hamburg, Germany, Son of shiftless double- bass player  A pianist who toured with the violinist, Remenyi, at age 20  Went to Düsseldorf to study with Robert Schumann (and met his wife, Clara, with whom he maintained a close relationship).  Moved to Vienna--never committed to a single job.  Destroyed compositions he felt were inferior along with many personal documents.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-37 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Johannes Brahms (1833 - 1897)  Lived his life as a veritable recluse--a very private individual.  Robert Schumann, praised him as the “savior of music.”  One of the “three B’s” of German music--Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms  Interested in the music of the past  His music synthesized ideas from past and from the current time.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-38 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Johannes Brahms(1833-1897)  “A Classicist adrift in the torrents of Romanticism”  No opera or tone poem
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-39 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Brahms’ Music: Characteristics  Imitated Beethoven’s symphonies, but not innovative like Beethoven.  Audiences called his 1st symphony, “Beethoven’s 10th.”  Avoided extreme changes in musical expression (like those of Liszt and Wagner).  Used and expanded classical forms.  Used recognizable tonality with some chromaticism.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-40 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Ein Deutches Requiem  Composed early in career, 1868, after Schumann’s death  Does not involve traditional Latin text  Personal statement of faith based on German verses, Old & New Testament  7 movements; bass, soprano soloists; chorus; orchestra  4th movement: How Lovely is Thy Dwelling Place; chorus & orchestra
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-41 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Brahms with friend, Johann Strauss, Jr.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-42 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Johannes Brahms Other Compositions  Symphony no.1 in C Minor  Symphony no. 2 in D Major  Symphony no. 3 in F Major  Piano Concerto no. 1 in D Minor  Piano Concerto no. 2 in B-flat Major  Violin Concerto in D major  Academic Festival Overture  Clarinet Quintet in B Minor
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-43 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Nationalism  Refers to deliberate, conscious attempt to develop artworks characteristic of a particular country or region  Attempt to break away from German-Austrian style  Proof that other countries had composers also  Political climate of Europe
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-44 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 European Politics of the Late 19th/Early 20th Century  Citizens demanded democratic forms of government  French and American Revolutions sparked similar unrest in many countries throughout Western Europe, Russia, and Scandinavia  Europe became industrialized; farmers moved to cities; people recognized shared heritage.  National pride developed, and musicians incorporated folk traditions in their works.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-45 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 New Republics Formed  1830: The Netherlands became independent  1830 Belgium became independent  1861: Italy unified its city-states  1871: Germany unified into an empire  1872: Portugal became republic  1917: Russians overthrew Czar; beginning of Soviet Union
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-46 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Changes in Transportation  Passenger trains took people all over Europe: replaced stagecoaches  Steamships replaced sailing ships; allowed relatively easy Transatlantic crossings  Musicians, writers, and artists traveled and experienced other cultures; they included them in their compositions, poems, and artworks.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-47 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 19th Century Nationalism in Russia: The Russian Five  5 Russian composers band together  Promote purely Russian music  Incorporate history, folklore, legends, native instruments, native music  Nikolai Rimsky- Korsakov  Modest Mussorgsky  Alexander Borodin  César Cui  Mily Balakirev
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-48 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881)  Born in Pskof, Russia: aristocratic family  Worked in the Russian Guard and composed on side  Trained by Balakirev  Incorporated inflection of Russian language in his compositions  An original and influential composer
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-49 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Modest Mussorgsky(1839-1881)  Considered least accomplished during lifetime  Now greatest of Russian Five  Not interested in musical career, entered military academy  Skilled at piano & singing, popular at parties  Alcoholic, bizarre behavior  Died age 42  Rarely finished works, much completed by Rimsky- Korsakov
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-50 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881)  Some famous works  Opera: Boris Godunov  Songs: The Nursery, Sunless, Songs and Dances of Death; many others  Orchestral music: tone poem Night on Bald Mountain (one of pieces in Disney’s Fantasia)  Piano music: Pictures at an Exhibition
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-51 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Pictures at an Exhibition  Promenade  The Great Gate of Kiev  Rock version by Emerson, Lake, & Palmer
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-52 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908)  Born in Tikhvin, Russia  Served 11 years in Russian Navy as Inspector of Naval Bands  Then taught composition and orchestration at St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music  Arranged and edited collections of Russian folk music  Edited many of Mussorgsky’s and Borodin’s works for performance  Famous students: Igor Stravinsky and Sergei Prokofiev (20th century composers)  Best known for symphonic poems and operas
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-53 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908)  Some famous works  Opera: Sadko, Mozart and Salieri, Snegurochka (Snow Maiden), Le Coz d’or (The Golden Cockerel), Skzka o Tsare Saltane (Tale of Czar Saltan): includes “The Flight of the Bumble Bee”  Orchestral music: Symphonic suite Scheherazade; Overture: Capriccio espagnol; Russian Easter Overture
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-54 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)  Born in Votinsk, Russia  Studied law, worked in Ministry of Justice until age 23  Studied at St. Petersburg Conservatory of music with Anton Rubinstein  Taught music at Moscow Conservatory until age 37 when he retired to compose  One failed marriage, lived with brothers in St. Petersburg  Supported financially by Nadezhda von Meck, required they never meet  1893-contracted cholera
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-55 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)  Toured Russia, London, Europe as guest conductor  Guest conductor with New York philharmonic for opening of Carnegie Hall  NOT accepted into Russian Five; believed to be too cosmopolitan and influenced by music of other nations be be a Russian nationalist  Suffered hatred because of his homosexuality; probably committed suicide at age 53
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-56 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)  Some famous works  Opera: Eugene Onegin, The Queen of Spades, Mazeppa  Orchestral music: Ballets: Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker; Overtures: Romeo and Juliet, 1812 Overture, March slav; 6 symphonies No. 2 Little Russian, No. 3 Polish, No. 5 Pathétique; Concertos: 3 piano, 1 violin; Miscellaneous: Capriccio italien, Capriccio espagnol
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-57 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Bedrich Smetana(1824-1884)  Small town in Bohemia  Studied in Prague  Pianist for Kaiser Ferdinand  Became deaf toward end of life  No believer in “absolute music”  The Moldau(1874)  Best known work from Ma Vlast(My Country)
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds 5-58 Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Other Nationalist Composers  Edvard Grieg-Norway  Peer Gynt Suite-incidental music for Henrik Ibsen play  Jean Sibelius-Finland  Finlandia-became national of country  Edward Elgar-England  Pomp & Circumstance  Ralph Vaughan-Williams-England  Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis  Manuel de Falla, Isaac Albañiz, Enrique Granados-Spain

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