CVFT500_CU_FINAL

COURVOISIER PRESENTS...
THE CITY UPGRADE
BY Jean-Robert Saintil & Luc Le Corre

THE CITY UPGRADE / 3
Courvoisier is proud to introduce the first
of four Upgrade insight reports written
in collaboration with members from
‘Courvoisier The Future 500’, the brand’s own
exclusive network of pioneers, entrepreneurs
and revolutionary spirits from the arts, social
enterprise, business, science, gastronomy,
fashion and beyond...
Courvoisier has long been a brand that encourages and breeds revolutionary
thinking. From its close ties to Napoleon back in 1811 to its use in many of today’s
most infamous cocktails.
This year Courvoisier are playing with the idea of ‘Upgrade’; an ideology as
applicable to your daily commute as it is to vast sprawling subjects such as cities.
Upgrade isn’t simply about the most exclusive or expensive. Upgrade is about
being an improved and more desirable version of that thing, whether that’s through
desire, innovation or need. With this series of reports Courvoisier wanted to take
four subjects that, to some extent, affect each and every person and explore what
upgrade would mean to them.
We hope you find these reports interesting and thought-provoking.
We would welcome your voice amongst the discussion on our page at
Facebook.com/CourvoisierUK. Huge thanks to our valued and revolutionary
members, Luc and Jean-Robert and watch out for the next report.
COURVOISIER PRESENTS
THE CITY UPGRADE

What Is The City Upgrade?
As part of the Courvoisier Upgrade program, Jean-Robert Saintil & Luc Le Corre investigate the future
of experience within metropolises internationally in the near to mid future (5-10 years)
After speaking to city planners, architects, retail executives, forward thinking bar owners, city dwellers
and innovation experts many from within the Courvoisier The Future 500, an exclusive network of
pioneers, entrepreneurs and revolutionary spirits from the arts, social enterprise, business, science,
gastronomy, fashion and beyond. The overwhelming factors that have arisen most have been
technology, ecology, sustainability and architecture and how the three interconnect.
Saintil and Le Corre proceeded to interview global city dwellers regarding their views on their
respective cities, what elements have changed and what factors they believe will be most notable
for change in the near to mid-future.
Some of the results are to be expected, as some of them are equally not so. Indeed, the one thing
which is certain is that there may be a disconnect between those paving ground within innovation
and the segment whom, although are early adopters, live in the cities themselves.
About The Authors
Jean-Robert Saintil
Writer Jean-Robert Saintil has been an Editor for luminary international culture magazines such
a Vs Magazine, Glass Magazine (online), scribes regularly for Dazed & Confused and has worked
in editorial research with insight agency Canvas8. He’s also curator for digital art, light, sound and
music pop-up Grok Institute and is currently Editor of the new community concept focused on global
intelligence, Chorus+Echo.
Luc Le Corre
Headhunter, DJ, Stylist, Art Director, Promoter, Designer and Saturday boy to some of London’s brightest
lights in 2006 Luc joined cult youth fashion bible SUPERSUPER as Publishing Director and grew the
business from Nu-Rave bible to global success story. After leaving the magazine in 2010 he joined
Sense Worldwide as the Community Manager for their co-creation and collaboration platform,
The Sense Network and founded a new community concept centred around curated global
intelligence, Chorus+Echo.
www.chorusandecho.com
@chorusandecho.com
fb.com/chorusandecho

Cities
What We Expect From The
Future
In the area of cities, there are very few
issues more pertinent than sustainability,
space and technology. Cities have
become the de facto living space of
choice with over 50% of the global
population living in a metropolis. The
aim of this report is to identify what
those who live in metropolis’ require
from their cities; as well as asking those
responsible for the creation of new ways
of relating and living within cities to
identify what the coming 5-10 years will
bring; how individuals will interact with
each other; how the import of cityscapes
will change and what this means to city
dwellers.
Saintil and Le Corre chose the timeline of
5-10 years as it’s a tangible amount of
time for innovation to be enacted whilst
also far enough for larger infrastructural
work to be actioned. Although there are
many changes within cities currently,
many of these are subtle permutations
that are, more often than not taken for
granted.
It is also an amount of time, which allows
enough distance to view nuances – that
is to say there although there may (or
may not) be large structural changes to
cities such as London or New York, we
can focus on the ‘how’ in our perception
of cities and the spaces within them.
Indeed, it’s this perception – augmented
by physical changes in city planning
(more boulevards, cycle lanes, sustainable
transport) to the placements of advertising
and how we interact with these which
changes the way we feel, perceive and
experience the metropolis.

1. Sustainability
Sustainable living is currently one of the most
pertinent issues within the future of cities1
. We
all know the numbers2
, but it is very clear that
“Sustainability requires more than just individual
change and should be a question of design
and embedded practice.”3
Although recent
advances in technology have been useful, one
must remember that technology alone is not the
answer to all of a city’s sustainability issues, but
a combination of factors.
There are many drivers to our current leanings
towards sustainable living, but in short they
can be contained in two connected, yet
distinct brackets. Firstly, the austere world of
post financial crisis, combined with the second
point; concern about a lack, and wastefulness,
of resources in light of the growing global
population, the spacial and quality of life issues
as more people move to the global cities and
subsequent rising costs of goods, labour and
transportation. Providing the above are the
true condition of city dwellers worldwide, be
they emerging cities or otherwise, sustainability
becomes not merely a question of morals, but
one of essential planning.
As for the hindering factors to successful
sustainability penetration within established
cities, it seems it is not due to the lack of
awareness but cost across the board. From
the costliness of infrastructural retrofitting of the
likes of solar panels to homes or offices, as
well as the “packaging problem” of presenting
sustainability as the most desirable and cost
effective course for all citizens to take, be they
city planner, developer or consumer. This has
been recognised as such and over the coming
decade is being approached differently. Indeed
the time of austerity and leaning towards
“sustainability without the price tag” has led to
innovations from city planning and development
to retail experiences.
The past decade has seen sustainability
implemented institutionally with the likes of the
European Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/
EC5
setting guidelines for energy consumption,
recyclability and energy efficiency of products
made and sold within the EU member states.
On top of this they have set guidelines for
bicycle schemes, congestion charge zones,
phasing in of ecologically friendly transport
and initiatives to reduce car use and petrol
consumption. More than a third of repondants
felt that nothing had been done to address
sustainability in their cities.6
“Modern methods of construction (MMC)
and off site manufacture are having a
major effect on architecture. Also the
biomimicry4
movement has inspired new
material innovations from nature and these
are now becoming available to architects
which opens up new design opportunities…
The reason for this is quite simple. Most
high quality developers buy into the green
sustainable agenda, they just don’t want
to pay extra for it! So architects have been
inspired to innovate. MMC ensures quality
whilst reducing time on site which in turn
reduces costs.”
Nik Hilton – Design4D
“There has been a growing public perception
of the need to become more sustainable. It
has become clear that sustainability requires
more than just individual change and should
be a question of design and embedded
practice.”
Joe T Oliver – Eco-preneur

THE EASTGATE CENTRE, HARARE / MICK PEARCE ARCHITECTS & OVE ARUP ENGINEERING
Interview findings:
• 40% believed nothing had been done to
address sustainability
• 14% felt not enough had been done to
address sustainability
• 26% mentioned the bike schemes in their cities
• 6% mention recycling
• 2% mentioned improved integration of
transportation modes
• 2% mentioned increased public amenities and
better information about sustainability initiatives
• 2% mentioned sustainable food markets and
products
• 2% mentioned low emission vehicles
The majority believe sustainability will play a part
in the future of cities.
• 78% believe it will play a large part
• 5% hope so
• 17% do not believe it will play a part at all
If the aims of the last decade had been to get
sustainability into the public consciousness, the
survey suggests the future will see sustainability
naturalised so that it is no longer an ethical,
moral or luxury option but the de facto,
affordable, option for companies, consumers
and city dwellers.
In this case we predict the term ‘waste’ will be
disassociated from a concept of austerity and
dull frugality, and instead used as a pejorative
term for redundancy, as streamlined designed
objects, and optimised buildings and systems
lower wastage.7
“It’s more a general awareness of individuals
within the community than an administrative
shift within local government”
Addie Chinn – Urban Junkies
Biomimicry in action, as architect copies termites to
create revolutionary new passive cooling technology.

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
North America
US 32% 33% 37% 44% 51% 55%
Canada 30% 31% 34% 40% 47% 50%
Total 32% 33% 37% 44% 51% 54%
Western Europe
Italy 36% 40% 47% 54% 63% 67%
Germany 17% 19% 22% 25% 29% 33%
France 16% 18% 21% 27% 29% 33%
UK 17% 18% 20% 23% 29% 32%
Rest of W. Europe 31% 36% 41% 49% 58% 64%
Total 25% 28% 32% 37% 44% 49%
Asia-Pacific
South Korea 14% 15% 17% 21% 25% 30%
China 10% 11% 13% 15% 18% 21%
India 4% 5% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Rest of Asia-Pacific 8% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12%
Total 8% 9% 10% 12% 14% 16%
Central and Eastern Europe
Russia 6% 7% 9% 11% 15% 17%
Rest of Central and Eastern Europe 5% 7% 9% 11% 13% 16%
Total 6% 7% 9% 11% 14% 16%
Japan
Japan 4% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8%
Total 4% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8%
Middle East and Africa
South Africa 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 4%
Rest of Middle East and Africa 3% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7%
Total 3% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7%
Latin America
Mexico 3% 4% 5% 7% 10% 12%
Brazil 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2%
Rest of Latin America 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2%
Total 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 3%
Worldwide 9% 10% 11% 13% 15% 17%
Smartphone Penetration Worldwide, by Region and
Country. 2009-2014 (% of total mobile handsets)
Source: Cisco Systems, "Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI): Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update,
2009-2014" with Informa Telecoms & Media, In-Stat and Gartner, February9, 2010
2.Technology.
Technology is one of the most defining factors of city living and
will remain so over the coming decade.
When asked what would be most impactful to experiences in the
city in the future, 52% of respondants said Mobile technology
29% stated that it already influences how they spend their time in
the city, for example “Foursquare”, which is “time-efficient way of
finding out what’s going on”.
Mobile technology is well on its way to be one of the definitive
ways in which our experience of the city will change. And this
change will be manifold.
Projected smartphone penetration in the west looks to tip over
the 50% mark by 2015.8
With this comes innumerable
possibilities, essentially creating pockets of comfort in large cities.
Courvoisier is revolutionising the way we use our mobile
phone devises as consumers. They are currently funding the
development of a new consumer application for mobile and
internet called Culture Compass. It will take the wisdom and
knowledge of the crowd and re-distribute curated content
focussing on the discovery, promotion, and enjoyment of
engaging and challenging cultural events. The application
will detect a user’s location and pop-up a map with icons
pointing out at activities to literally guide you there.
1. Location Aware
Services
Although many are heralding
‘location based services’ right now,
the next 5–10 years will herald
the rolling out of ‘location aware
services’. Moving from augmented
reality which is location based,
location aware services such as
Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) will
be very much part of the fore. For
example NAVTEQ’s Destination
Maps are currently being trialled
throughout malls in the United States
currently which not only provide an
interactive experience, but; “a three-
dimensional data model essential to
a more advanced exploration and
guidance. It does this by providing
pedestrian-specific attributes unique
to interior requirements like stairs
and elevators as well as recognising
different floor levels (called Z-levels)
that are essential for applications
to ‘understand’ movement between
floors once inside a venue and
generate routes and guidance.”9
These systems currently work seamless
integration with their own systems
enabling movie listings as well as
<1 meter accuracy which presents
targeted adverts for particular areas,
e.g. Computing or Perfumery.
What this then means is mobile
devices will become ever more
ubiquitous, mediating items in all
areas of life and becoming integral
to one’s interaction with spaces.
This will create the potential for
all interactions to be used to more
accurately chart the activity of
individuals. It could also effectively
be employed for engagement by
brands, for example displaying
appropriate offers to the receptive
individuals at point of sale, as well
as consumers.
Smartphone Penetration Worldwide, by Region and Country.
2009-2014 (% of total mobile handsets)

2. RFID Mobile Device Ubiquity
RFID already present throughout the world in shop
tags, and contracters payment cards, Oyster
Cards in London, contactless payment cards
as well and Osaifu Keitai in Japan (effectively
an Oyster Card, credit card, work and home
key with identification embedded in a mobile
device). The adoption of these will become
mainstream and widely available throughout
cities. As streamlining and lack of waste become
de facto buzz words, the multifaceted elements
of smartphones, especially those RFID optimised,
will come to the fore.11
From articles such as The
New York Times, Science & Technology piece
‘Which Gadgets to Use, And Which Ones
To Lose,’ out of the 5 gadgets listed (including
camera, camcorder, GPS Unit, Digital Music
Player and Alarm Clock), the smartphone was the
best option for 4 out of 5.12
i) What this means for
advertising
If this is the case, there will also be scope for
very tailored advertising throughout cities aimed
directly at an individual. This will be based on their
shopping and traveling history triggered by the
RFID data on their mobile device. This would be
comparable to edge cached data from searches
which influence adverts seen on Google Mail,
web pages, e-commerce sites etc., but then taken
into the ‘real world’.
Targeted advertising of this kind, although without
the sophistication of RFID, is already being trialled
in Tokyo using facial recognition software to aim
ads towards particular demographics. However
perspicuous ads are the inevitable holy grail.13
ii) What This Means For
Consumer Experience
This may also drift into other regular consumer
experiences in which past actions will present
recommended options be they drinks in bars,
menu selections in restaurants, aisle selection on
long distance journeys or clothing suggestions in
boutiques. A form of replicating the tailored element
of the online experience whilst adding value to the
physicality of the city itself.
We asked our survey group whether they found
tailored experiences online beneficial; 67% said
yes, whilst 34 of 59% said they would like to see
more tailored experiences in physical social spaces.
With this in mind it looks as if the public are ready
for tailored experiences which echo their online
counterparts. This, however does not mean that the
spaces can be disembodied as the experientials
from a physical store will undoubtedly leave a
stronger impact than online would.14
“The general consensus is that the retail store
will be liberated by online sales. However,
rather than becoming redundant, it will be
reconceived as a place for showcasing
the brand – be it through innovative
spaces and/or memorable or remarkable
experientials. It’s something that a lot of
retailers have become aware of.”
Kristjana Willliams – Beyond The Valley
In 2010, Courvoisier was the first alcohol
and non-location based brand to develop
a geo-social campaign using Foursquare.
Users were encouraged to ‘check-in’ to
unlock rewards including free bowls of
punch at over 200 participating bars across
the UK. Throughout 2011 Courvoisier will
be working with O2 to carry out proximity
marketing to support it’s summer activities
at festivals in Brighton, Edinburgh and
London. Courvoisier will reach out to the 1.5
million O2 More Customers at these events
who will each receive an offer by SMS to
redeem a complimentary Courvoisier Punch
at partnering locations.
MORE
YES

3.Space
Space within growing cities is an issue which
needs to be tackled. Although the survey had
been rather divisive on whether the size of a
city itself creates a sense of unease,* seeing
an equal number of extreme and moderate
agreement and extreme and moderate
disagreement with the question of the size of
a city, other studies show that happier and
healthier and ultimate more productive lives are
lived in cities. The survey also found a higher
quality of life, was lived in cities, with cost of
living, environment and infrastructure taken
into account15
.This included outdoor space,
affordable housing and functional transport.
*“The Larger The City, The More Impersonal It
Becomes”
• 19% Strongly agree
• 21% Agree
• 23% Neither agree or disagree
• 29% Disagree
• 8% Strongly disagree
However, taking into account the rising number
of city inhabitants as well as the rising cost
of creating affordable housing and spaces,
interesting and viable options have begun to be
created by architects, focusing on sustainability,
cost and space. Some of which looks to be
implemented over the coming 5-10 years.
Pictured on the right are some interesting ideas
presented for the future of living in cities. From
the economical, sustainable and affordable
biomimicry of Fab Labs House in Catalonia to
IAAC, MIT’s CBA and Fab Labs that produces 3
times more energy than it consumes.16
The only problem to be found with the Fab Labs
concept is that of space. Although perfectly
poised for outer city living, it does not lend itself
well to the compact city life of millions. A viable
alternative of compact multi-use homes as drawn
up by Design4D with the Kinematic Apartment,
exemplifies the concepts of utilising space and
sustainability as whilst maintaining a high quality
of life and relatively low living costs.
This kind of space use means that individuals
and couples have a compartmentalised space
of high standard, essentially creating a segue
between the poor, middle classes and wealthy.
“Technology is allowing architects the
freedom to design and build structures that
were previously not possible. At the same
time, the global recession is restructuring
the architectural profession and will likely
herald a new period of ideas and innovative
thinking in architecture.”
Elias Redstone – Independent Architecture
Curator & Writer

FabLabsHouse, CATALONIA / FAB LABS, IAAC & MIT’sCBA
KINEMATIC APARTMENT, LONDON / DESIGN4D

Unplanned
Cities
As Stewart Brand states in his
TED Lecture on Squatter Cities;
“squatter and shanty towns are
the cities of the future”.17
By
which he means that as rural
areas are deserted in droves18
,
those who move to the city do
not have the means for living
well. He claims they “are not
people oppressed by poverty,
they’re people getting out of
poverty”.19
What this then means is as
established cities attempt to
create sustainable ways to
function, these same cities
actions will be offset by the
growth of waste and non-
sustainable activity found
in the shanty towns on their
periphery. It appears that
those who live in these shanty
towns are becoming essential
to the general growth of their
respective cities – with one sixth
of India’s GDP coming from
Mumbai for example.They are
also some of the most reliable
work forces, and it will therefore
be in the interest of the cities
to address and utilise these
additions as intelligently as
possible.
We believe that cities will make
these illegitimate spaces semi-
legitimate by offsetting the cost
of living against energy used
and waste produced. Providing
certain amenities in return for
the installation of biomimetic
energy generating items as well
as rainwater collection systems
and water recycling being
placed in said towns in order
to 1) boost already depleted
energy grid systems, water
retention and use within cities
whilst 2) lowering cost of living
and cost of energy in slums.20
And as the architecture of these
areas change at the similar
pace to the relative wealth of
the inhabitants, slowly being
assimilated into the tapestry of
the larger cites, semi-permanent
fixtures (solar paneling on
houses etc) can be changed
to those of permanence
with minimum cost to the
municipalities and ultimately
being mutually beneficial to
all parties.

BeloHorizonte, BRAZIL photo by Yuriy Chulkov

MUMBAI, INDIA photo by www.indiatalkies.com

RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL, photo by Crystal Davis, World Resources Institute 2007

Planned Cities
Planned cities however, restricted by cost, will
also attempt to create as sustainable living
conditions whilst utilising technology as much
as possible combining the ends of the above.
As it seems there’s already early signs of
emigration to the BRICS countries, one suspects
that a twinning of the values for the sustainable
with their eventual fiscal benefits, will be taken
into account in the infrastructure of these cities.

New Songdo
A case in point is the near
finished Cisco Systems and Gale
International city in South Korea, 35
miles from Seoul, New Songdo.21
Together they have created a
complete system in which every
part of the city is connected via
much of the technology mentioned
in the Technology chapter (RFID,
cloud communication et al),
however as opposed to there being
several external gatekeepers of the
communication transmitted, Cisco
Systems will be the only receiver,
transmitter and filter of data for
the city as every fixture in the city
is linked via Cisco chips which
communicate with each other as well
as utilising solar paneling, water
recycling, electric transportation
via salt-water canals, 25km of
cycle routing, the first hydrogen
cell based public bus fleet, electric
car rental and underground car
parking in order to keep heat and
emissions down to a minimum.22
Fundamentally changing tact from
‘dumb’ systems such as the UK
Electricity Grid where, although one
can see where energy is used most,
there is no way of knowing whether
it’s necessary without the arduous
and costly use of manual checks. The
New Songdo City system however
will be able to monitor the energy
usage remotely; for example, as
all parts of the city are connected
by RFID and CCTV systems, it can
easily be gauged whether there are
any individuals in a particular part
of town and whether street lights/
traffic lights are necessary. (This
also applies for individual homes or
offices in which if energy is being
wasted the person responsible
can be informed, firstly that there’s
unnecessary energy usage and
secondly can either remotely turn off
lights or systems, or change the way
that they use energy in the future.)
“So forget Asia’s choking
metropolises, 40 per cent of Songdo
is officially designated ‘green’,
including the centrepiece 100-acre
park. The city’s main car depot has
been buried in a sunken courtyard
to keep heat and emissions down.
A sleek new public transport system
including underground trains linked
to Seoul and a network of electric
water taxis in the city’s salt-water
canals will help make this one of the
cleanest urban areas on the planet.”
The Independent, New Songdo City:
Atlantis of The Far East. 22 June,
2009.
The technology, from RFID entry to
homes, cars, transportation and work
all add to the ability for a centralised
(run by Cisco) to let an individual
know what their daily, weekly or
monthly consumption is and how it
can be reduced. Via this method
of continual internal communication
areas of the city deserted at night
can have the entirety of their energy
turned off, traffic and street light
regularity can be gauged and
augmented dependent on area
usage all in order to keep energy use
to a minimum and quality of life as
high as possible.
Indeed, New Songdo City has
been considered as a template
for innumerable cities throughout
China and India in the coming two
decades acting as an exemplar of
the cities to come.23

As this study suggests,
the future of cities will hinge
on a collective connection
of sustainability, technology
and architecture. Although
new planned cities such as New
Songdo integrate the three from
inception, cities with organic
growth such as those within
the emerging markets will,
over the upcoming 5-10 year
period set in this paper, begin to
retrofit their cities with the de
facto necessities to function
as a modern city, be they
technological infrastructure,
elements of sustainable living
as the resulting economic
boom begins to present fiscal
issues associated with lack of
planning and transport, waste
and space issues.
Everyone loves a list that looks
a little like a building right?
Yeah... so here’s one to the right
for your pleasure.

1. Cost of the change is
a key indicator of uptake.
2. The ‘packaging
problem’ of ecological
changes is being
addressed to the extent
to render it invisible and
de facto.
8. Desirability of
architects and items of
change effect the uptake.
5. As the demand
for energy rises, new
housing builds will
be fitted with solar
paneling, lowering bills
for residents as well as
removing the demands
of municipalities power
grids.
7. Our understanding
and perspective of our
surroundings will be
changed irrevocably by
an ever more focused
interaction between
the city dweller and
their online/offline
interactions.
12. Local municipalities
will implement kinetic
energy storing stations
within high footfall areas
in order to harness the
energy of pedestrians
to power walkways,
streetlights and signage.
10. Actioned ecological
work is both wanted
and expected.
6. Streamlined
technology may see a
state in which we’re
dependent on a singular
mobile device for all
public and private
interactions.
3. There will be an increasing move towards singular
mobile devices acting as definitive space, communication,
advertising and connectivity mediator. This will lead to
ever more directed and sophisticated interactions be they
social or branded both within the context of the mobile
device (e.g. Alerts on mobile devices within shopping
spaces) or without (e.g. Directed adverts using RFID to
accurate market to consumers) with a leaning towards the
latter by the end of the 10 years.
9. Travel infrastructure, taxation and simple running costs
will continue to lean against petroleum powered vehicles
effectively forcing people onto public transport and using
electric (or other sustainably sourced energy powered)
vehicles [see footnote 23]
11. Items which benefit the fiscal health of a individual,
household, borough or city whilst being sustainable will be
recommended. E.G. LED light bulbs (which use between
a 10th of energy of normal low-energy light bulbs), can
reduce energy consumption by 60% and last for up to 10+
years will become de facto items for households with Lux
versions also making an appearance.
4. As petroleum, manufacturing and transport prices
rise, (we will see the single use disposable packaging
replaced by reusable items.) For example, in place
of disposable water bottles items such as reusable,
covetable and designed systems such as the reusable filter
bottled water system Bobble will become commonplace,
as will refillable packaging for food staples. Design
being a major factor in what is used – not merely what
is contained, but what it is contained in will remain
pertinent.24
NO. 12 KEY POINTS

WE HAD SOME GREAT CONVERSATIONS WITH
SOME INCREDIBLE PEOPLE DOING THIS PAPER...
HERE ARE 6 OF OUR FAVOURITES

Can you tell us a little
something about yourself
and your work?
I studied at the Welsh School of
Architecture where I specialised in
sustainable design and founded
Design4D in 2008. The company
name is a reflection of the fact that we
design with consideration of the Fourth
dimension. Why and what do we
mean by this?
Three dimensions describes an
object by its x, y and z co-ordinates.
In physics, the fourth dimension
combines three dimensions with a
dimension of time to create
spacetime. This concept of
spacetime was important in the
realisation of Einstein’s special
theory of relativity. Shifts in
scientific thinking have always
affected art as artists look to
explore new ideas. Some of
these explorations depict visual
representations of the fourth
dimension such as the tesseract
or the Möbius strip, which in
turn architects have realised into
literal built form.
As a student I was less interested
in the physical articulation of
spacetime, but more in the potential
of this fourth dimension of time within
the design process. I began to explore
time based media such as kinetic
artwork and film. I found film captured
movement of light, human narratives
and spatial experiences better than
the frozen two dimensional image
or the rotated three dimensional
sculpture. The concept of human
narrative began to play a stronger
role in my work as I looked to explore
intangible time based ideas about
creativity, community, sense of place
and memory. These are ideas critical
to a stable and harmonious civilisation,
the more our population expands
and lives in closer proximity. There
are no fixed rules as to how you
explore and guarantee these important
aspects of architecture are fulfilled
but at Design4D we have formulated
a framework called the Chronetik
process. This process enables us to
test how our schemes have considered
more than just the social, environmental
and economic aspects that the triple
bottom line of business dictates. It is
our Chronetik process that helped
produce the Kinematic Apartment, a
Finalist in The Design Awards, the Shell
House, a Finalist in The British Homes
Awards and also our two nominations
for Young Architect of the Year.
What do you think have been
the main factors of change
in the architecture recently
reGARDING innovation?
I think that modern methods of
construction (MMC) and off site
manufacture are having a major effect
on architecture. Also the biomimicry
movement has inspired new material
innovations from nature and these
are now becoming available to
architects which opens up new design
opportunities.
Why do you think that is?
The reason for this is quite simple.
Most high quality developers buy into
the green sustainable agenda but
they just don’t want to pay extra for
it! So architects have been inspired to
innovate. MMC ensures quality whilst
reducing time on site which in turn
reduces costs.
Can you tell us something
about your recent work in
that area?
Recently we have been working with
Kingspan on the development of
a new rain screen system which is
prefabricated to remove the need for
scaffolding on large scale projects.
Another scheme we are developing
is our Shell House design that uses
structurally insulated panels (SIPs) to
remove cold bridging issues and again
simplify construction.
Do you think there will be a
further/ongoing relationship
between architecture and
sustainability in the coming
5-10 years? (Or Architecture
and Technology)
Definitely, I think that developments in
solar technology are going to completely
revolutionise architecture as architects will
have to find form that efficiently enables
the capture of the sun’s energy
in much the same way as the
rest of the natural world works.
Rather than seeing a reduction
of energy usage, we may find
that excess solar energy in the
future will enable us to enhance
functional aspects of the
building to create moments of
beauty, in much the same way
as a plant uses its reserves to
create the opening and closing
of petals to protect the blossom.
I believe that people will
quickly realise that technology
alone does not produce sustainable
environments and that considerations
of the fourth dimension relating to less
tangible time based ideas of community
and sense of place will also have
growing prominence in sustainable
architectural design.
How do you think this will
affect the future consumer/
city dweller?
I hope that the future consumer will
demand quality over quantity. Whether
this be quality of construction, quality
of environment or quality of life.
Any final words?
I’m optimistic about the future. Big
Society, community, civilisation, call it
what you will, but I believe that as our
population expands, the role of the
architect, and their ability to consider
the fourth dimension, will be key in
achieving our social goals and a truly
sustainable future.
NIK HILTON LONDON / ARCHITECT AT DESIGN4D
www.design4d.co.uk + www.bashcreations.com

in sustainability within cities
and companies recently
regarding innovation?
Cities are extremely complex systems.
This factor, coupled with the minimising
of cost and information in our
globalised era urges cities to manage
and administrate this complexity in an
efficient way. The risks entwined in a
strategy to urban planning that does not
consider sustainability will ensue crises,
as seen in the blackouts of California
or the water risks involved in
Mediterranean counties. In
the UK, these future concerns
and risks have become serious
considerations for city planners
and legislators.
There has been a growing
public perception of the need
to become more sustainable.
It has become clear that
sustainability requires more
than just individual change
and should be a question
of design and embedded
practice.
Financial limitations by
the financial crisis on
organisations and businesses
lead them to seek out ways to
be more efficient.
There has been an
increasing tendency
within companies and
enterprise to pursue
their goals as a ‘business
of the future’ – integrating
aspects of sustainability.
1. Public perception:
Global inter-relatedness: the
instantaneous connections between
individuals around the world have
foments the acknowledgement that
environmental issues affect everyone
– irrespective of gender, race and
geographical location. Moreover,
the public has come to recognise the
relations that cities have with its larger
geographical and social context.
Sustainability is logical: a move
towards greater sustainability doesn’t
just mean solutions for the environment,
it just make sense all in all. Why
would a business need to generate an
excessive amount of waste or run on
an inefficient lighting system when it
can do otherwise?
Move away from marginal movements
to more mainstream involvement: what
may have started as a sandal wearing,
only-consider-the-trees movement has
flourished into a lifestyle that people
from all walks of life can relate to.
Environmental campaign’s impact: the
arduous work of environmental activists
has surely paid off. Environmental
consciousness is now embedded in
our education system, in governmental
policy, and in the social fabric of our
everyday lives.
Changes to the environment that
directly affect: one cannot deny the
effect of waste accumulation and
pollution in urban centres. This is
coupled with a demand for green and
open spaces to counteract the frenzied
lifestyle that characterises city life.
2. Financial limitations:
The high demand of worldwide
construction, especially in the Middle
East and China, have seen this trend
be coupled with a considerable rising
in the levels of costs. Inevitably, this
has increased the pressure to be more
resourceful, therefore more sustainable,
in the design and building of city
projects.
Lack of public resources: in the current
financial situation, organisations and
businesses have seen their seemingly
unlimited capital streams
subside. In reaction, they have
had to seriously reconsider the
management of their practices
and services, and in the
end that inevitably integrates
environmental facets.
3. Business Leadership:
Capitalising on a growing
market: in response to the
growing public awareness of
environmental issues, it is clear
that a market has been carved
out to serve this demand.
Individual leadership: in many
cases, conscious individuals have
been the driving force towards
sustainability within their own
businesses. That has acted as an
impulse for other enterprises to
jump on the sustainability wagon.
Diversification: businesses
constantly seek to diversify their
products and services and, in
many cases, the ecological option
is a very profitable one as well.
Enacting legislation: the effects of
environmental legislation can be
effective in securing change within an
industry, for example EU Directives.
that area?
I regularly engage with a diverse
range of people from around the
world, from Sydney to Sao Paulo,
from Beijing to Johannesburg. These
networks consist of individuals
engaging with sustainability projects in
their respective cities.
JOE T OLIVER LONDON / ECOPRENEUR
www.joetoliver.com

My background in working with
London Leaders and the London
Sustainable Development Commission
www.londonsdc.org has provided me
the insight on how a very large city like
London can become more sustainable.
This involves long-term planning and
the pooling of necessary expertise to
secure this objective.
I was asked to contribute to the
London Development Agency’s 15-Year
Economic Development Strategy.
Amongst my recommendations were
the addition of a sustainable nightlife
economy. Although eco-clubs were not
in the final budget recommendations,
the addition of integral sustainable
development was signed and
approved by the Mayor of London.
This strategy has as its basis an
economic sustainability component that
allows for the acknowledgement of
what is required in order to secure that
the future of the kind of London we all
want to be engaging with.
Other notable areas to watch out for
are the C40 (http://www.c40cities.
org/ ) and the data captured from
this initiative by the Carbon Disclosure
Project (https://www.cdproject.net/
en-US/Pages/HomePage.aspx ).
Once we get a handle on what the 40
major cities in the world are doing with
the metrics of sustainability, it should
give us an insight into how to mitigate
the adverse effects and encourage
areas and methods that need to grow.
My first company, BASH creations,
was aimed at involving entertainment
and cultural sectors in environmental
and sustainability management within
an urban environment.
With BASH, we have fomented the
trend towards making sustainability
sexy and desirable. I find sustainability
projects in the field of entertainment
exciting because it forces one to think
creatively and devise solutions that are
not apparent. No more so is this found
within cities, in an environment made
of the interaction of people.
Our major project BASH studio – once
a derelict building in Central London
converted to a 33,000Sqft renewable
powered eco-space comprising of
offices, a nightclub, and gallery
space – established a hub for urban
sustainability, experimentation and
innovation with more than 10,000
enjoined and using this space within
2009.
More information on our projects is
available at www.bashcreations.com
between city dwelling and
sustainability in the coming
5-10 years?
About ‘Enjoyable’ living: this must
be at the heart of the relationship,
and it is in the interests of all city
dwellers, companies and government
departments. Whether this will translate
into practice, nonetheless,
is debatable.
In certain regions of the world, the
experience of economic growth is still
present and, in many cases, this growth
does not see sustainable economic
principles attached. There are
examples, however, where sustainable
living is proven and innovations
created. This will allow cities’
individuals, enterprises, and government
to learn from these lessons and derive
tangible solutions out of these.
Mutually reinforcing – as services,
goods and construction react to these
factors, the sustainability outcomes
will engage consumers and producers
in such a way that it will become
the norm. Above all, cities provide
the adequate numbers necessary for
businesses to formally develop. This
market access is a great virtue of cities
and, like any other business, the larger
the consumer market for your product
the cheaper you can provide your
sustainable goods and services. In a
similar vein, the pool of professional
workers and expertise is heightened in
these localities. This has an immense
capacity to translate into innovation in
the sustainability sector.
What do you think this means
for the future consumer/city
dweller? Will it be remarkably
impactful to their living?
A spate of innovation to make
sustainability cheaper and more
accessible, especially with regards
to goods and services of necessity,
i.e. water capture to respond to
water scarcity.
Whilst ecological products are now
a choice, the tendency is that it will
become embedded in the practices.
The arguments for sustainability are
so logically imperative for business that
it will be embedded at all stages of
activity.
It will provide for a more equitable,
socially conscious society. This is
necessary in order for urban areas,
like cities, to ensure sustained
growth. It is clear that cities with
greater income inequality face social
unrest and divisions that could have
otherwise been deterred.
This move away from excessive
consumerism will greatly enhance
personal satisfaction. The trend is
towards quality of life and not quantity,
which is directly in line with
a sustainable ethos.
Any final words?
It is important to not treat or see cities
as a separate island, but a place of
transition and a place that nurtures
ideas and peoples to be the best they
can be. If we can integrate all cities to
this end and ensure positive thought,
this collective consciousness will allow
us to achieve a balanced state.
A large motivation of mine is to ensure
that moves towards sustainability also
integrate a ‘fun’ and ‘creative’ factor.
This will be all the more encouraging for
consumers and designers. A local focus
is required as well, sustainability as
universal currency, but local imperatives
and social needs are to be consider for
effective results.

in architecture recently
There are currently two principle drivers
for architectural innovation: digital
technology and global financial markets.
Technology is allowing architects the
freedom to design and build structures
that were previously not possible. At
the same time, the global recession is
restructuring the architectural profession
and will likely herald a period of
new ideas and innovative thinking in
architecture.
Recessions hit the architectural
profession hard. Leaving behind
a period of growth and plentiful
construction, practices are now
contracting. There are less projects
being built and, put simply, there
is more time for thinking about
architecture and not just building it.
Many architects have less work or
have been made unemployed and
are considering new approaches to
practice in an increasingly competitive
market. Alternate platforms for
architectural thinking and research
are being created. The last few
years have seen a proliferation of
independent architecture publications
emerge that allow architects to have
a voice; a space to publish ideas and
architectural debate.
that area?
I have launched ARCHI ZINES
(www.archizines.com) to showcase
new fanzines, journals and magazines
that provide an alternative discourse
to the established architectural press.
The project celebrates and promotes
publishing as an arena for architectural
commentary, criticism and research,
and as a creative platform for new
photography, illustration and design.
It will be presented as an exhibition
in 2012.
How do you think the
relationship between
architecture and art will
expand in the coming 5-10
years?
There will be more crossover between
the disciplines as practice is less
inclined to be defined along these lines.
At the Venice Architecture Biennale,
directed by Kazuyo Sejima, the work
of artists was displayed equally with
architects without the need to pigeon
hole the professions separately.
dweller?
The impact will be subtle. Cities are
massive entities that evolve over time
and newness is often absorbed within
the structure.
Any final words?
Not today.
ELIAS REDSTONE LONDON / ARCHITECTURE CURATOR & WRITER
www.eliasredstone.com + www.archizines.com

in the fashion and retail
industry recently regarding
innovation?
I think the important factor, made ever
more present by the shift towards
online retail, has been the gradual
disappearance of hierarchy in the
creative fields. The current generation
has grown up without any limitation on
technical creativity. If you wanted to be
a video director, a fashion designer,
graphic designer or film-maker all the
technology/equipment was now at
your disposal. The web revolution has
brought this particular generation a
creative democracy where anyone –
providing they have the ideas – can
be at the forefront of innovation. It is
being pushed along by young hungry
minds, no longer hindered by access.
In fact, it runs parallel to changes
in advertising and music where
democratisation is forcing a complete
rethink in strategies.
Everyone has caught up – you can step
forward into any high street store and
see each store, each concession, is
working to a new formula. Without fail
you can at least find a couple of good
‘cool cut’ basics in any large fashion
store. It can be seen in the fact that
it’s been a long time since the fashion
world has had two seasons a year with
two key color-ways – now trends span
multitudes – each season has to inspire
and surprise. That combine with the fact
that the larger chains have new price
drops in-store every week (every other
day in some cases!) as well as the now
ubiquitous big name collaborations,
everyone has to be far more innovative
to remain competitive and relevant.
between fashion and
technology in the coming
5-10 years?
I think there has always been a strong
link between fashion and technology
– just not perhaps as visible as in
other creative industries. Working with
fabrics you see amazing developments
in quality, but we’re still rather far
from the day that they invent the LED
thread which allows you to view a
moving image on the fabric itself. But
it’s coming.
I can foresee, for an example, items
similar to those in the TRON costumes
and their neon light embellishments,
which for the film, were all manually
lit. It took the 275 strong wardrobe
department four months to work out
how to create the effect. However, in
the future, I can imagine these types
of additions being embedded in the
garments.
Digital printing has also become a
larger part of many of the top fashion
houses’ collections as the print quality
becomes ever more impressive at
increasingly reasonable prices. From
these comes the immediate opportunity
of interaction and development. This is
really where Beyond the Valley’s work
has come from in some respects. For
example, we invited a Finish illustrator
to remix one of our SS11 fabrics
resulting in our ‘Ink Forest’ illustration
going into a dual colour melt down.
Also, from that same collection we
created a 3D fabric print which, when
viewed with the old stereoscopic blue
and red 3D glasses, produced an
additionally multi textured dress. It’s
something we’ve really got into so for
our upcoming AW11 collection we
shot a 3D HD print in a metal working
studio – both in a 3D quality as well as
a photographic print – we are anxious
to find out if anyone has invented TV
thread garments – something that flows
perfectly as well as showing a moving
image. If it’s something you’re working
on, please do get in touch!
What do you think this
means for the designer and
consumer? Do you think
brands relationships to
customers will change?
The brand always needs to think of
the end consumer, the customer needs
to feel at all times that that the brand
is being a 100% true to their core
beliefs. This is easy when you are a
fledgling die hard independent but it
gets tricker for brands as they grow
to balance on this precarious fine line
when they are dealing with production
and growing pains of large company.
Ultimately I think it calls for more
interaction between brand/designer
and consumer – the designer has to
work harder to keep its flock interested.
BTV has also been going very
well. What do you think the
future of retail spaces will be
in the coming 5-10 years?
The general consensus is that the
retail store will be liberated by online
sales. However, rather than becoming
redundant, it will be reconceived as
a place for showcasing the brand
– be it through innovative spaces
and/or memorable or remarkable
experientials. It’s something that a
lot of retailers have become aware
of. In our case, I feel it’s something
that we’ve always had as part of our
raison de etre of Beyond the Valley
as a brand. We’ve always aimed to
build a brand one can experience and
touch, be it our Wunderville pop-up
extravaganzas to the SHOW Studio
interactives, our fashion week parties,
in-house collaborations with the likes of
Ada Zanditon and innovative fashion
experiments, which have kept us in
the public consciousness. Initiatives
like The Telegraph’s Best Independent
(which we are now in the top 3 for
Women Fashion) and The Times
in which we are in the best stores
category for 2011 as well as the
Coolbrands stamp all goes a long
way to keep a business like ours up
and running.
Any final words?
Always interested to hear from like-
minded experimenters…
KRISTJANA WILLIAMS LONDON / BEYOND THE VALLEY
www.beyondthevalley.com
Kate (L) And Kristjana From Beyond The Valley

Can you tell us a little
something about yourself
and your work?
Moto Katono is Japanese Architect in
Tokyo.
I guess the bankruptcy of Lehman
Brothers was a big factor in the world
architecture. And East Japan’s great
earthquake was big enough to change
the Japanese architectural scene.
Both of them inspire the essence of
architecture. One is the relationship
between economy and architecture
and another is the relationship
between safety and city.
that area?
We are working on a restaurant at
Kaminoge, Tokyo and an office project
at Egota, Tokyo. For the restaurant at
Kaminoge, we would like to make ‘state
of ordinary’ that is like a client’s room.
And for the office at Egota, we propose
a cluster of small offices that look like a
small village in a residential area.
sustainablity in the coming
and Technology)
I guess architecture tries to be
independent from city infrastructure.
For instance, if a house has solar
panel and fuel cell, it doesn’t need to
connect electrical infrastructure.
effect the future consumer/
city dweller?
The priority of lifestyle will be more
diversify than now. City dwellers will
look for the value of themselves.
Any final words?
Now, Japan is in such a sad situation.
We appreciate your prayers and
donation. We’ll try our best to rebuild
a new Japan. Please come and visit
Tokyo and Japan.
Charles Phu gained his professional
architectural master degree (M.Arch
I Professional) and qualification in
the US following his training and
experience in structural engineering in
Taiwan. He has been actively involved
in architectural design in the UK, USA
and Asia for nearly 20 years.
I think computer/3D design tools
have been the most influential factors
for exterior and interior architectural
design. This has resulted in changes
in building materials and construction
methods. The other one is sustainability
(green) concept.
Due to fast advancing computer
technologies and global environment
awareness.
that area?
Recently I was working on Gazprom
Tower (Okhta centre) in St Petersburg,
Russia.
sustainablity in the coming
and Technology)
Certainly. It will expand tremendously,
at least, I think so as I am into this.
effect the future consumer/
city dweller?
Honestly, the general public really
needs to be educated. Still very few
people, including architects, are
interested in integrating architecture
and art in reality and in practice.
Any final words?
No clue at the moment!
MOTO KATANO TOKYO / ATELIER MOTO KATANO
www.ateliermotokatono.com
CHARLES PHU, LONDON / OFFICE FOR ARCHITECTURAL CULTURe
www.officeforarchitecturalculture.com

regarding technology,
sustainability and
communication within cities
and regarding innovation?
Augmented reality has provided
apps such as Worksnug Pro that
have helped city people get around
and explore there surroundings in an
informed, instant way. This technology
will continue to effect many changes
due to its versatility.
QR codes are popping up everywhere
too. A device used initially for
putting information on packages and
containers in a store room, now is
being utilised for instant access to a
wealth of knowledge
through a very small
physical space.
Both these technologies
would be pointless without
the smart phone. The
biggest change through
modern technology in the
past 10 years? Most likely.
They have opened up a
new world of technologies,
and like both of these
previous technologies,
revitalised old technologies
that have been invented
long ago but just ahead of
their time.
As 4G comes along
these new technologies
are going to swamp us.
Some with great, simple,
time saving functions that
benefit our lives. Others that clog
the brain and make us think we are
cleverer or busier than we actual are.
Problem? We’ve become a society of
instant-access-demanding, workaholic,
strong thumbed human beings who want
to live as part of a community but miss
daily opportunities to interact with our
fellow humans because we have our
heads stuck in our little smart phones.
On communication, we now have 5
major ways of communicating with
each other. In order of importance
for us as human beings, 1. Face to
face talking. 2. Telephone. 3. Instant
messaging/social media. 4. Email.
5. Texting. What have 4 and 5 given
us? A fantastic ability to communicate
internationaly, any time of the day and
the transfer of documents that would
otherwise take two days with pigeon
post. But now, in business, comes a
trend of arse-covering, ‘well, I sent you
an email last night’ attitude that has
made the amount of admin get in the
way of true business development.
Its ironic when you consider how many
people would prefer to reverse that order
of importance of communication simply
to avoid actually talking to people.
Sustainability. Consumerism.
Greediness. Laziness. Want want
want. Forgetting our role as part of the
bigger picture. Unresponsible email
covering global organisations. Turning
in to: New business opportunity.
Government money making scheme.
Yet necessary to remind us about our
obligations to our planet. A must.
that area?
We have used a new technology with
Clinton Cards that will be announced
in the press tomorrow that will be
utilised in the new store of the future.
We have introduced Augmented reality
greeting cards to help engage the
younger generation and reinvent the
interaction of giving a greeting card.
We have also created a concept
design for the future of book stores
to allow the industry to reinvent itself
and get people back into stores. This
uses a magnitude of technologies to
enhance the physical book itself. QR
codes, social media, RFID and digital
books all come together to make the
bookstore a hub of the local community
once more. We just need to find a
client who has a business still and get
them onboard. You can see more here:
http://theyardcreative.blogspot.
com/2009/10/new-chapter.html
You’ll find loads of stuff on our
blog too.
Do you think there
will be a further/
ongoing relationship
between technology,
communication and
sustainablity in the
coming 5-10 years?
4G, 5G, who knows?! Ten
years ago we were walking
around talking to bricks!
Projection is going to play a big
part. From projected keyboards
and smart phones making them
become the ultimate in portable
computers to projection of
our imagery beamed through
telephone/instant messaging
communications to put us right
in the same room as the person
we’re talking to. All sounds very
Minority report now!
Proxy marketing is going to be
massive, allowing brands to sense
when you are in the area of your local
store and send you incentives to get to
engage with their brand.
dweller? Will it be remarkably
impactful to their living?
Yes
Yes. To a point none of us can
imagine!
STEVE JAMES ROYLE LONDON / THE YARD CREATIVE
www.theyardcreative.com

FOOTNOTES...
1 Both in the west and globally,
however during the shift of economic
power towards the brics countries,
the relevance to western and affluent
cities connected to the same system it
is especially pertinent.
2 Over 50% of the world population
now lives in a city or urban area
[george martin, “state of world
population 2007: unleashing the
potential of urban growth. U.N.
Report – also see D. Satterthwaite’s
ucl paper ‘the ten and a half myths
that may distort the urban policies
of governments and international
agencies’ on the importance of the
classifications of ‘city’ and ‘urban
area’] fossil fuels are dwindling whilst
crops for food and water supplies
are becoming scarce.
3 Joe T Oliver [interview pg 25]
4 A notable example of biomimetics
is the eastgate centre in Harare,
Zimbabwe which mimics the
construction of self-cooling termite
mounds. This construction has saved
3.5 millon dollars of air conditioning
costs in the first 5 years and has
rents 20% lower than neighbouring
buildings - http://biomimicryinstitute.
org/case-studies/case-studies/
termite-inspired-air-conditioning.html
5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/eco-
design_of_energy-using_products_
directivet
6 An idea echoed by the designer,
writer and activist john emerson
“socially responsible design is not
a fringe, hippie idea any more but
something established institutions
are grappling with… a socially
responsible design practice may take
on any number of forms. ‘Design
matters’, Frieze, issue 138 april
2011.
7 Much interesting work has already
been to champion extreme lack of
energy waste, such as the Rotterdam
based sustainable dance club who
have prototyped kinetic energy
storing pavements, which then power
nearby street lamps, reducing energy
costs. Also the advances of led
lighting, which use less than a 10th
of the energy of a 40w light bulbs
whilst replicating the lumens.
8 http://www.cisco.com/en/us/
solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/
ns537/ns705/ns827/white_
paper_c11-520862.Html
9 Navteq extends the journey
beyond the front door, http://
press.navteq.com/index.
php?s=4260&item=30551
10 Naturally this is dependent of the
future take on privacy and the
application of collected data.
However, as the survey suggests,
ease, use and tailored experiences
may be of the most import to city
dwellers.
11 Of course there will be backlash
similar to the surveillance state
discussion presented after the
introduction of oyster cards in London
in 2006 – ‘Britain is surveillance
society’, www.bbc.co.uk/news/1/
hi/uk/6108496.Stm
12 The alarm clock was the one thing
that smartphones did not beat in
this article. ‘Which gadgets to use,
and which ones to lose’, New York
Times, Sunday April 10th.
13 Last year’s program at Tokyo rail
stations that worked out passers by
sex and approximate age. http://
www.guardian.co.uk/media/
pda/2010/sep/27/advertising-
billboards-facial-recognition-japan
| http://www.execdigital.com/
node/36701
14 These kinds of tailored experiences
have been utilised throughout the
likes of members bars such as bureau
in which a members favourite tracks
and favourite cocktails are stored in
the membership/entry card meaning
both the music and drinks are, in
part, tailored to the members likes.
www.bureauclub.om
15 The quality of life index - http://
internationalliving.com/2010/02/
quality-of-life-2010/
16 http://www.theglassmagazine.
com/forum/article.
asp?tid=1757#title, www.
fablabhouse.com/en
17 http://www.ted.com/talks/stewart_
brand_on_squatter_cities.html
18 Approximately 1.3 Million new
people per week move to cities
internationally.
19 This, of course, does not negate the
fact that poverty still exists in these
areas. A point partially discussed
later in this paper.
20 The Prince of Wales has shown
interest in building similarly sustainable
shanty towns in Calcutta for the
homeless, although with a far smaller
scope. (http://www.greenlaunches.
com/architecture/prince-charles-
plans-for-ecofriendly-shanty-town-in-
india.php).
21 Of course, for all the sustainability
ticks, the building of new song do
had not been carbon neutral as the
transport of materials and required
shipping, transport and building.
22 http://www.biztechreport.com/
story/249-new-songdo-city
23 (www.fastcompany.com/.../142/
the-new-new-urbanism.html). Although
new songdo contains many of the
major facets of a contemporary
city, Brazil’s urban experiment of
curitida is an already functioning
example of a sustainable city in
which adequate planning has
led to a city with an 85% public
transport usage, negligible carbon
emission levels and a 30% reduction
in gasoline usage amongst other
initiatives (http://www.pbs.org/
frontlineworld/fellows/brazil1203/
future.Html).
24 In light of this, we also believe
that modular systems such as the
revive modular smartphone in which
the software, hardware and user
interface is wholly upgradable
whilst retention of the handset over
time provides the user with benefits,
will revolutionize the perspective
consumers have on their objects
and how items are then marketed to
consumers. [http://chorusandecho.
com/articles/view/44617].
25 See Alessilux’ designer led lights
as a lux version of a sustainable
staple - http://chorusandecho.com/
articles/view/44099

Neil Innes
Paula
Anthony
Adam
Drew Smith
Nick Corston
Helen Jamieson
Benedict
Miriam
Carmen Gray
Iain Whiteley
Stu Anderson
Loo Kye
Ej
Penelope Shaw
Addie Chinn
Debbi Evans
Matthew Clugston
Andreas Müller
Colin J C Johnston
Malika Sqalli
Kartika Tulusan
Th
Rekha Sameer
Zoe Robinson
Colm
Sebastian
Nick Tong
Alice Whitney
Nathan Guerra
Ed Gillespie
Joe Oliver
Everyone At White Label
Everyone At Focus Pr
Phenyo
Andrew Stuck
Trevor Jackson
Chris Skilton
Zoe Stanton
Shane Walter
Linda Mateljan
Louis Anthony WOodbine
Queensbridge Showpony
Jessica
Julie Gaiger
Andy
Arnaud
Katie Le Corre
Matthew Smith
Jo Jackson
Delphine Reynaud
Sense Worldwide
The Sense Network
Chorus+Echo
Madeleine Jackson
Paul Jackson
Everyone At White Label UK
Everyone At Focus PR
THANKS FOR EVERYTHING...
...AND OF COURSE COURVOISIER FOR MAKING THIS POSSIBLE!
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