W11 Group Planning: Presentation | Brazil

1. GESCI 203 Presentation Group 01 | Brazil
Image by Muhammed Ballan
by: Allyson Jenks, Airam Longart, Kadarah Highwood, Jersen Meim, Kade Mecham

2. Population
By: Allyson Jenks

3. 1960 – 72,179,226
1980 – 120,694,009
2020 – 212,559,417
How does this issue
impact this country?
• Brazil has a low population
density at 25 per 66 people per
square mile.
• Most Brazilians live in big cities
with 90% of the population
living in San Paola.
• Population is expected to peak
at 238 million in 2050 then
decline to 200 million by 2100.
Source: https://knoema.com/uvabmyb/brazil-population
Source: https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/brazil-population/

4. What concerns are there
about population?
• Birthrate has decreased since 1960s – average of fewer
than 2 children per couple.
• People are living longer (life expectancy is 76.5 years)
which means there are more elderly than children.
“Children 14 and under makeup 21.3% of Brazil’s
population; nearly 80% of Brazil’s total population are
between the ages of 15 and 64.”
• There are slightly more women (51%) than men (49%) in
Brazil; however, women make 23% less than men with the
same qualifications.
Source: https://borgenproject.org/10-facts-about-
overpopulation-in-brazil/

5. How are they dealing
with population growth?
• Brazil’s population is equivalent to 2.73%
of the total world population and is the
5th most populous country in the world.
• The biggest issue is the age gap – the
elderly are tapping into the public pension
system and the labor force is declining.
“The pension system is financially
unstable. An in-depth reform is necessary
and inevitable.”
Source: https://www.oecd.org/brazil/reforming-brazil-pension-system-april-2017-oecd-policy-
oecd-policy-memo.pdf

6. Sustainability
By: Airam Longart

7. Sustainability
Because of the Amazon,
Brazil removes more greenhouse
gases from the atmosphere than
it emits. However, it has lost 20%
rainforest to deforestation,
making the country one of world’s
biggest contributors to
greenhouse gases and global
climate change. The Nature
Conservancy is working hard to
change that.
Is this country living sustainably?

8. What is their
ecological footprint?
Biocapacity per person
Ecological footprint per
person
Biocapacity reserve
8.6
2.8
5.8
1961 2018
24.3
2.4
21.9

9. How are they
dealing with this
issue?
• Partnership with US Forest
Service (USFS) and Instituto
Internacional de Educação do
Brasil (IEB)
• Partnership Platform for the
Amazon (PPA)
• Amazon Biodiversity Fund (ABF)
Brazil
• Support Indigenous and
Quilombola Peoples

10. Water
By: Jersen Meim

11. What water issue this
country face?
• Access to Water Supply and Water Services
• Physical water supply
• Local Water Resource Governance
• Land Use Issues
• Socioeconomic and Reputation
• Upstream Water Issues
• Compliance with Local Regulations and
Widely-Accepted Standards
• Water Demand and Competition among
Users
• Influent
• Water Pricing
(Water Action Hub, 2022)
Image Source: by ededchechine on Freepik

12. What is their water
footprint?
Their water footprint 1466 gallons per
person per day.
It is 33% less than in the United States.
Image by Freepik
(Water Footprint Network, 2022)

13. What are their
water resources?
• Less than 1000m deep
groundwater for irrigation and
water supply
• 300,000 average wells drilled
• Dams
• Rivers, including the São
Francisco river, is the largest river
entirely within Brazil
• River basins such as Paraná,
Upper Paraguay, and Uruguay.
(Water Action Hub, 2022)
Image source: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usina_Hidrel%C3%A9trica_de_Jaguara

14. How are they dealing
with water issue?
• Shift from a risk-based approach to a resilience
approach. This includes training, education, and
awareness.
• Make river basin organizations deliver and use
economic instruments. For example, Allocate
water where it is most needed and attribute a
value to water through economic instruments
such as abstraction charges.
• Accompany infrastructure development with
regulatory oversight and monitoring. For
example, set up effective coordination
mechanisms with sub-national authorities to
ensure that the application of the new law
creates no formal or perceived conflict across
levels of government in relation to taking
decisions.
(Pinkhasov & Morena, 2021)
Image by Freepik

15. Energy
By: Kadarah Highwood

16. Where is their
energy coming
from?
The #1 source of
energy comes from
hydro-power.
(International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2021)

17. • Droughts in Brazil are
one of the main energy
struggles.
• When these occur,
Brazil's hydropower is
severely threatened.
• Its infrastructure needs
continuous
improvement and
modernization.
(Brazil invites investment in Infrastructure &
Renewable Energy, 2022)
What energy
issues does
this country face?

18. What is their
carbon footprint?
Fossil CO2 Emissions (2016)
462,994,920tons
Yearly Change
-6.08%
Global Share
1.29%
Tons per capita
2.25
(Brazil CO2 emissions)

19. Do they import or
export fossil fuels?
In 2020, Brazil exported 19.8 billion
dollars in crude petroleum.
In the same year,
they imported 2.36 billion dollars.
China, United States, India, Spain
and Portugal are the main
countries receiving fossil fuel
exports from Brazil.
(Crude petroleum in Brazil, 2022)

20. How are they dealing
with energy issues?
• Around 84% of Brazil’s electricity is generated from
renewable sources. The world average is around 38%.
• Wind and solar generation have increased hugely in
recent years – with three quarters of the power plants
entering service in 2021 being either wind or
photovoltaic – as has the percentage of energy sourced
from biofuels.
• They continue to build up their transportation system to
be able transport their sources of energy to make them
less expensive and to make them more marketable
(2022).

21. Climate Change
By: Kade Mecham

22. How is global
climate affecting
this country?
• Brazil's mean
temperature has risen from
24.91 degrees Celsius in 1900
to 25.58 degrees Celsius as of
2021.
• Brazil's average precipitation,
in millimeters, is steadily
declining with this rise of
temperature.
• The rise of emissions is easily
correlated with rise
in temperature.

23. What steps, if any, are
being taken to mitigate
these issues?
• The Government of Brazil has
dedicated protected areas for
preservation.
• The Government of
Brazil launched the Amazon
Biodiversity Fund and raises
money to conserve biodiversity.

24. Are there future
implications for
change?
• With the recent droughts that
Brazil has faced, their
hydropower has become
unreliable and have been
switching to fossil fuels.
• The use of fossil fuels will result
in more emissions into their
atmosphere and must be
mitigated.

25. Do they have
future plans to
continue to
make changes?
• In July of 2022, the Government of Brazil's Supreme Court declared that
their Climate Fund must be re-opened and put into action.
• However, there are no plans for the Government of Brazil to reduce
emissions from fossil fuels and deforestation.

26. References
 Alexander, L. (2020, January 25). 10 facts about overpopulation in Brazil. The Borgen Project. Retrieved
December 5, 2022, from https://borgenproject.org/10-facts-about-overpopulation-in-brazil/
 Becker, M., et al. (2012). The ecological footprint of Campo Grande collaboration of BR the ... The Ecological
Footprint of Campo Grande and its Footprint Family. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from
https://wwfbr.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/campo_grande_ecological_footprint.pdf
 Brazil CO2 emissions. Worldometer. (n.d.). Retrieved December 5, 2022, from
https://www.worldometers.info/co2-emissions/brazil-co2-emissions/
 Brazil invites investment in Infrastructure & Renewable Energy. euronews. (2022, December 2). Retrieved
December 5, 2022, from https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/12/01/brazil-invites-investment-in-
infrastructure-renewable-energy
 Brazil invites investment in Infrastructure & Renewable Energy. euronews. (2022, December 2). Retrieved
December 5, 2022, from https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/12/01/brazil-invites-investment-in-
infrastructure-renewable-energy
 Brazil population (live). Worldometer. (n.d.). Retrieved December 5, 2022, from
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/brazil-population/
 Brazil population. Knoema. (2019, August 2). Retrieved December 5, 2022, from
https://knoema.com/uvabmyb/brazil-population

27. References
 Brazil. Climate Action Tracker. (n.d.). Retrieved December 6, 2022, from
https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/brazil/
 Crude petroleum in Brazil. OEC. (2022, September). Retrieved December 6, 2022, from
https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/crude-petroleum/reporter/bra#market-concentration
 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. (2021, September 21). To solve Brazil's energy and food
crisis: Store more water, researchers say. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 6, 2022 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/09/210921125119.htm
 Kawawa-Beaudan, C. (2021, June 12). Ecobytes: Beef and Brazil's declining biocapacity. Global Footprint
Network. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from https://www.footprintnetwork.org/2021/06/11/ecobytes-beef-
and-brazils-declining-
biocapacity/#:~:text=Brazilians%20on%20average%20have%20an,2.8%20global%20hectares%20per%20pers
on
 Morris, J. (2016). Climate change and the Amazon. The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved December 6, 2022,
from https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/latin-america/brazil/stories-in-
brazil/deforestation-and-climate-change/
 OECD Policy Memo Pension Reform in Brazil. (n.d.). Retrieved December 6, 2022, from
https://www.oecd.org/brazil/reforming-brazil-pension-system-april-2017-oecd-policy-memo.pdf

28. References
• Pinkhasov, M., & Morena, E. (Eds.). (2021, December 9). Fostering Water Resilience in Brazil :
Turning Strategy into Action. Fostering Water Resilience in Brazil : Turning Strategy into Action |
OECD iLibrary. Retrieved December 5, 2022, from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/85a99a7c-
en/index.html?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fpublication%2F85a99a7c-en
 U.S. Agency for International Development. (n.d.). Retrieved December 6, 2022, from
https://www.usaid.gov/
 Water Action Hub. (2022, December 2). Water action hub | country: Brazil. Water Action Hub |
Country: Brazil. Retrieved December 5, 2022, from
https://wateractionhub.org/geos/country/31/d/brazil/
 Water Footprint Network. (2022, July 15). Water footprint comparisons by country. Water
Footprint Calculator. Retrieved December 5, 2022, from
https://www.watercalculator.org/footprint/water-footprints-by-country/
 World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal. Summary | Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
(n.d.). Retrieved December 6, 2022, from
https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/brazil