Emerson's Tim Olsen presents to Argentinean refiners on the changes in automation technologies and how they are being applied to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

1. Advances in Digital Automation within Refining Tim Olsen Emerson Process Management

4. Typical Process Computer’s Performance 50% per year increase! Compounded for 40 years!

5. Computer Advances Cray 2 Supercomputer 1 Gigaflop 1985 - $23 million Ref Wired , February 22, 2008 , by Rob Beschizza Cray CX1: 4 Terraflops $25,000 Available on Amazon.com Ref: Wired; September 16, 2008; by Brian Chen

6. Memory Cost 70% per year increase! Compounded for 40 years (RAM); 25 years (Disk) ! 100 gigabytes – Basic Demographic information on every human on earth!

7. IP Network Communication – Wired (Max - Bandwidth x Distance (wo amp)) Any information will be available anywhere! Bandwidth will substitute for local memory!

8. Network Communication - Wireless 200% per year compound increase!

9. The Exception - Software Productivity Growth Only 4% per year increase from 1970 to 2000; less thereafter! Salary increases similar! No net cost reduction. Software is dominant cost in system development/ implementation! However, software has much longer life than hardware.

11. What does this mean for the Refining Industry? The Growth of The Smart Refinery through Digital Automation

12. Older Automation Field Networks – Analog 4-20 ma 4-20 mA Only 1 value is transmitted Only one direction

13. But Computers and Communication and Calculations have migrated to the Field Devices… ST_REV, TAG_DESC, STRATEGY, ALERT_KEY, MODE_BLK, BLOCK_ERR, RS_STATE, TEST_RW, DD_RESOURCE, , MANUFAC_ID, DEV_TYPE, DEV_REV, DD_REV, GRANT_DENY, HARD_TYPES, RESTART, FEATURES, FEATURE_SEL, CYCLE_TYPE, CYCLE_SEL, MIN_CYCLE_T, MEMORY_SIZE, NV_CYCLE_T, FREE_SPACE, FREE_TIME, SHED_RCAS, SHED_ROUT, FAIL_SAFE, SET_FSAFE, CLR_FSAFE, MAX_NOTIFY, LIM_NOTIFY, CONFIRM_TIME, WRITE_LOCK, UPDATE_EVT, BLOCK_ALM, ALARM_SUM ACK_OPTION, WRITE_PRI, WRITE_ALM ST_REV, TAG_DESC, STRATEGY, ALERT_KEY, MODE_BLK, BLOCK_ERR, PV OUT, SIMULATE, XD_SCALE, OUT_SCALE, GRANT_DENY, IO_OPTS, STATUS_OPTS, CHANNEL, L_TYPE, LOW_CUT, PV_FTIME, FIELD_VAL, UPDATE_EVT, BLOCK_ALM, ALARM_SUM, ACK_OPTION, ALARM_HYS, HI_HI_PRI, HI_HI_LIM, HI_PRI, HI_LIM, LO_PRI, LO_LIM, LO_LO_PRI, LO_LO_LIM, HI_HI_ALM, HI_ALM, LO_ALM, LO_LO_ALM ST_REV, TAG_DESC, STRATEGY, ALERT_KEY, MODE_BLK, BLOCK_ERR, PV, SP, OUT, PV_SCALE, OUT_SCALE, GRANT_DENY, CONTROL_OPTS, STATUS_OPTS, IN, PV_FTIME, BYPASS, CAS_IN, SP_RATE_DN, SP_RATE_UP, SP_HI_LIM, SP_LO_LIM ST_REV, TAG_DESC, STRATEGY, ALERT_KEY, MODE_BLK, BLOCK_ERR, PV SP, OUT, PV_SCALE, OUT_SCALE, GRANT_DENY, CONTROL_OPTS, STATUS_OPTS, IN PV_FTIME, BYPASS, CAS_IN, SP_RATE_DN, SP_RATE_UP, SP_HI_LIM, SP_LO_LIM, GAIN RESET, BAL_TIME, RATE, BKCAL_IN, OUT_HI_LIM, OUT_LO_LIM, BKCAL_HYS, BKCAL_OUT, RCAS_IN, ROUT_IN, SHED_OPT, RCAS_OUT, ROUT_OUT, TRK_SCALE, TRK_IN_D, TRK_VAL, FF_VAL, FF_SCALE, FF_GAIN, UPDATE_EVT, BLOCK_ALM, ALARM_SUM, ACK_OPTION, ALARM_HYS, HI_HI_PRI, HI_HI_LIM, HI_PRI, HI_LIM, LO_PRI, LO_LIM, LO_LO_PRI, LO_LO_LIM, DV_HI_PRI, DV_HI_LIM, DV_LO_PRI, DV_LO_LIM, HI_HI_ALM, HI_ALM, LO_ALM, LO_LO_ALM, DV_HI_ALM. DV_LO_ALM Digital Field Networks Require To Support

14. Control Rooms have also Modernized Site Wide Control Room Coordinated Multiple Loop Digital Control Computer Screen Interface Each Unit had a separate Control Room Single Loop Analog Control Panel Board Interface Photo Ref: Emerson Process Management Photo Ref: Emerson Process Management

15. Ref: A. Chatha; “Current Business Drivers and Trends;” ARC 2009 Orlando Conference; February, 2009

17. Predictive Diagnostics and Analytics Condition Detection BEFORE it becomes a problem in the Plant! Photo Ref: Emerson Process Management

18. Future Trends – Predictive Analytics - How do we avoid this? Photo Ref: Emerson Process Management

19. Smart cars monitor tire pressure Tire icon indicates low pressure Car advises driver of abnormal situation made possible via new technologies Photo Ref: Emerson Process Management

20. Two requirements: - Sensing technology - Presentation to user at the right time

26. KPI Dashboard Case “ After the installation of data reconciliation software and a KPI dashboard display, the model showed an incorrect process unit lineup. A recycle line was open that should have been closed. After closing the recycle we were able to increase hydrotreater throughput by 8 percent. This resulted in an energy savings of $400,000 per year and a product profit increase of $500,000 per year, for a total benefit of $900,000 USD per year .” Planning Manager Refinery, North America Abnormal Operation does not go Undetected

31. Multi-Site Control Center / Remote Support Control Center Engineering Center Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Photo Ref: Emerson Process Management

32. But…. Has it Mattered?

33. US Oil Refining Industry Employee Productivity Employee Productivity Up 300%, Even With: - Increased Complexity - More Crudes/ Product Grades - Increased Regulatory Requirements Crude Run Employment Ref: Crude Run: US DOE EIA: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/mttrius2a.htm Employment: US DOL BLS; http://www.bls.gov/oes/

34. Refining Safety Impact