Indian dairy industry future prospects & key challenges

PG SEMINAR SERIES:2017-18
Vala Jitendra R.
Reg. No.:2070517033
MBA(ABM)
Major advisor
ASPEE Agribusiness management institute,
Navsari agricultural university
Navsari, Gujarat 2
Speaker:
Dr.Swati Sharma
Assistant Professor, AABMI,NAU,
NAVSARI

Flow Of Seminar
• Introduction
• World dairy Status
• Milk Industry: India
• Structure of dairy industry
• Supply chain of dairy industry
• Dairy cooperative at a glance
• Milk Industry: Gujarat
• The success story
• Growth Drivers & KEY challenges
• Prospects of dairy industry
• Strategy for future growth
• SWOT Analysis of dairy industry
• Conclusion
• References
3

Introduction
• The dairying is an integral part of socio-economic fabric of India and
considering dairy animals as the backbone of the livestock wealth of our
country would not be an exaggeration. This sector enjoys a complementary
role with agriculture and also provides a major source of cheap and
nutritious food to millions of people in India.
• India is the largest producer of milk in the world. The milk revolution
(“Operation Flood”), started by National Dairy Development Board
(NDDB) in 1970, transformed India from being milk deficient to the
largest milk producer surpassing USA in 1988. The program was led by
Mr Verghese Kurien, known as the Father of White Revolution in India.
• Dairy activities have traditionally been integral to India’s rural economy.
• India's milk production accounts for 17 % approximately of the world total
output. This constitutes an important segment of the Indian rural economy.
4

Cont.....
• The India Dairy Food market is comprised of various national and
multinational players that specialize in developing various value added dairy
products. The market for dairy products in the India is changing at a brisk
rate.
• In post white revolution Indian dairy industry has shown a constant growth
in milk production as well as in per capita milk availability. That is 51.4
million tons in 1990 to about 165.4 million tons in 2016-17 and 355
gm/day respectively.
• The Indian dairy market recorded a CAGR of 13% during 2010-2016. As a
result of these, the market is further expected to reach a value of more than
INR 16,000 Billion by 2022.
• The “Operation flood”, “Amul pattern”, “white revolution” etc. are
important terminologies connected with dairy industry of India from the year
to 1950-60.
• The ever increasing rise in domestic demand for dairy products and a large
demand-supply gap could lead India to be a net importer of dairy products in
the near future. So there is urgent need to overcome the challenges faced by
dairy sector and to implement strategies for the prosperity of dairy industry. 5

• World milk production - Increased > 50
% during last 3 decades
• 482 million tones in 1982 to 806.70
million tones in 2015.
• Highest milk producing countries:
India, U.S. , China, Pakistan, new Zealand,
brazil, France, Germany.
• Highest milk deficits countries: China,
Italy, Russian Federation, Mexico, Algeria
and Indonesia.
• Number of households engaged : > 180
million households.
6
World dairy Status
• India (17%) 1
• U. S. 2
• China 3
• Pakistan 4
• Brazil 5
• Germany 6
• Russia 7
• France 8
• New Zealand 9
• U. K. 10
Fig 1 :
Rank –Production
Source: FAOSTAT (Downloaded on 8th February, 2017)

Fig 2 : WORLD TOP MILK PRODUCING
COUNTRIES(2015)
7
Source: Authors Representation based on NDDB

Fig 3 : World’s Top Milk Consuming
Countries
8
(in Million tones)
Source: Authors representation based on faostat.fao.org/.
2013-14

Rank Company Country
Dairy
turnover
($US
billion)
Milk intake
(million
tones)
1 Nestle Switzerland 27.8 14-15**
2 Lactalis France/Italy 19.5 15.0
3 Danone France 19.5 8-9**
4 Fonterra New Zealand 18.5 22.0
5 DFA USA 17.9 27.8
6 Friesland Campina Netherlands 14.8 10.3
7 Arla Foods Denmark 13.6 12.7
8 Saputo Canada 9.8 6.0
9 Dean Foods USA 9.0 10.1
10 Yili China 8.6 4.5-5**
9Source: http://www.dairyinfo.gc.ca(2016) ** Estimates data
Fig 4 : World’s Top Dairy Brands(2016)

 Largest producer in the world (>17%)- 165.4mt in 2016-17.
 India’s share in livestock population in the world
17% of the total livestock
57.3 % of total buffaloes (105 million)and 14.7 % (200
million) of total cattle.
 Share in India’s GDP
3.6% (13.7 % agriculture)
 secondary source of income for 70 million rural households
engaged in dairying.
 Growth rate of milk production : 5.1%(2015-16)
 Consumer demand rate : 5%.
 4.5 million women members are engaged in dairy
cooperatives across the country as on march 2016.
10
MILK – Indian Scenario
Source : Indiastat.com , NDDB and Ministry of Animal Husbandry.

Fig 5 : Key Statistics For India’s Dairy
Industry
CHARACTERISTICS DATA
Annual Milk Production (2016-17) 165.4 million tones
India's Export of Dairy products (2016-17) 39,397.62MT
Share of world dairy production (2016) 18.5 %
Number of milk producers’ cooperative unions 170
Number of local dairy cooperatives 75,000
Number of state cooperatives 15
Per capita Availability(Drinking milk) (2016-17) 355 g/day
11
Source: Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, NDDB

Fig 6 : Year wise Production Of Milk in India
12
Source: NDDB Stats from the year(2016-17)

Fig 7 : Top Milk Producing States of India
(Year 2016-17)
13Source: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, DAHD&F, GoI.(2016-17

14
Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, 2016-17
Fig 8 : Trend of Per Capita Availability
of Milk in India (in gm per head)

Year Average annual milk growth rate
1950-51 to 1960-61 1.64
1960-61 to 1973-74 1.15
1973-74 to 1980-81 4.51
1980-81 to 1990-91 5.48
1990-91 to 2000-01 4.11
2000-01 to 2010-11 4.15
2011-12 to 2015-16 5.00
15Source:- Annual statistics, NDDB
Fig 9 : Trends in Average Annual Growth
Rates of milk

Fig 10 : Export of dairy Products 2016
16
Source : Anonymous(2016),APEDA.

17
Fig 11 : International Market For
Indian Dairy Export 2016-17
Source: DGCIS Annual Export and APEDA

18
Fig 12 : Top 10 Dairy Companies In India
Rank Company Head Office Year of Establishment
1 Amul Anand, Gujarat 1946
2 Mother Dairy Noida, UP 1974
3 Kwality Limited New Delhi- 1992
4 Orissa State Cooperative Milk Producers
Federation (OMFED)
Bhubaneswar 1985
5 Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development
Cooperative Federation Ltd.
Hyderabad 1960
6 Karnataka Co-Operative Milk Federation
(KMF)
Bangalore Not Known
7 Dynamix Dairy Mumbai 1995
8 AAVIN Chennai 1952
9 MILMA Thiruvananthapuram- 1980
10 Banas Dairy Palanpur, Gujarat 1963
Source:https://thingsinindia.in/dairy-companies-in-india/(2016)

• Small and marginal farmers own 33 % of land and about 60 percent
of female cattle and buffaloes.
• Some 75 % of rural households own, on average, two to four
animals.
• Dairying is a part of the farming system, not a separate enterprise.
• Feed is mostly residual from crops, whereas cow dung is important
for manure.
• Dairying provides a source of regular income, whereas income from
agriculture is seasonal.
• About a one third of rural incomes are dependent upon dairying.
• Livestock is a security asset to be sold in times of crisis.
Characteristics of India’s dairy farming
19

Fig 13 : Structure of Indian Dairy
Industry(2013-14)
Indian Milk Production(137.7 MT)
Unorganized Sector~110 MT
(80%)
Organized Sector ~28 MT (20 %)
[ Private Dairies-532,
Cooperatives-254
Government-46]
Retained or sold
at rural level
~(41%)Liquid Milk
(13.5%)
Value added
products (6.5%)
Loose milk sold
in urban areas
~ (17%)
Value added
products{mostly
traditional}
(22%)
Shifts from unorganized to the organized sector
Source – Authors representation based on Ministry of Agriculture, Economic Survey of India, Rabobank and Technopak analysis, NDDB annual report
2013-14.
20

Fig 14 : Supply chain of Indian Dairy
Industry
21

Dairy Cooperatives at a Glance
22

Cooperative Revolution in India
23
Dairy Cooperative
Network
 Includes 177 milk unions, operate over 346 districts covers
1,33,349 villages owned by around 13.9 million farmers
Milk production  Increased from 21.2 in 1968-69 to 165.4 million MT in
2016-17.
 Per capita availability increased from 112 gms/day in 1968-
69 to 355 gms/day in 2016-17.
Marketing  in 2013-14 average daily cooperative milk marketing stood
at 220.4 lakh litres with average annual growth rate of 6.1%
compounded annually over 5 years.
Innovation  Bulk vending- saving money and less transportation.
 Market travels to deficit areas carried by innovative rail and
road milk tankers.
 Automatic milk collection unit(AMCU) and Bulk milk cooler
(BMC) at grass root level. Preserve quality and reduce post
procurement losses.
Source: NDDB,MOAH&D.

Source: Authors representation based on NDDB report 2013-14
24
Fig 15 : Dairy Cooperative Societies(in Numbers)
Fig 16 : Producer Members (in Million)

MILK SCENARIO: GUJARAT
25
• Gujarat is currently 4th
largest milk producing state of India with 12.78
million tones milk production in the year 2016-17(indiastat,2016-17).
• Around 34,56,000 regular milk producers are registered in Gujarat state as
per the annual report of NDDB,2016-17.
• Presently, 16 co-operative milk dairies are connected and worked under
Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) Ltd., Anand.
• Gujarat dairy industry consists of 16 large district milk co-operative
society and 18,595 small dairy co-operative societies.(NDDB Annual
report,2017-17).
• Amul dairy, NDDB (National dairy development board),
GCMMF(Gujarat cooperative milk marketing federation) are leading
growth drivers for higher production in Gujarat.
• Gujarat is producing 127-lakh ton milk and its average per person milk
consumption is 545-gms.

Fig 17 : Top Dairy Companies of
Gujarat
Rank Name of dairy Head
Quarter
Annual
Turnover
(crores)
1 Amul Anand 27085.52
2 Banas Palanpur 6112.71
3 Sumul Surat 5756.41
4 Sabar Sabarkantha 4247.10
5 Doodhsagar Mehsana 4186.25
6 Doodhdhara Bharuch -
7 Vasudhara Valsad -
8 Sarvottam Bhavnagar -
9 Ajod & Aabad Ahmedabad -
10 Amar Amreli -
26
Source: official Websites of respective dairies

THE SUCCESS STORYTHE SUCCESS STORY
27

Ramilaben’s Dairy Farm in Gujarat – Success
Story
Ramilaben Govindbhai Patel hasn't been to college. But at 43, she earns what
some CEOs take home. Nothing fancy here. She milks cows every day and
supplies milk to a dairy co-operative. She milked Rs 1.10 crore - Rs
1,10,17,675 - net profit in 2011-12, to be precise.
At Pentarpura village in Sabarkantha district, Ramilaben's dairy farm churns
out 5.55 lakh litres of milk per annum. What had started as a backyard
business in 2000 is now a full-fledged family business. She is an outstanding
success story of the change the White Revolution has brought about in Amul
capital.
28

• Twelve years ago, Ramilaben registered herself as a primary milk producer
at Pentarpura's dudh mandali (village level milk society) and took a bank
loan for five cross-bred cows. Today, she runs 'Jai Ranchod Dudh
Utpadan Kendra', which is a five-acre home to 280 cattle where 40
workers get employment, even though the farm has four automatic milking
machines.
• She and her husband Govindbhai visited Israel last year to finalise plans to
set up a calf-rearing farm alongside a fully computerized 'tabela'.
• "Our farm has 24-hour water, cooling system, fodder chaffing machines and
other things but we now want to adopt Israeli technology where rotary units
will milk cows automatically and also indicate the fat content," says
Ramilaben. The modernization will cost Rs 1 crore.
• Ramilaben is an inspiration to other women in Gujarat who are the backbone
of the dairy industry. Out of the total 16,117 milk societies, 2,124 are run
by women, Of the 31.8 lakh members in 15 district unions, 8.2 lakh are
women.
• "A quarter of our total members are women but their contribution to
the productivity of the dairy sector is much more," says R S Sodhi,
managing director of the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation
(GCMMF) that markets the brand Amul. 29

MAJOR GOVERNMENT
INITIATIVES IN DAIRY
FARMING
30

 Improve the entire dairy supply chain by providing financial aids and
technical support.
 Pattern of assistance is 100% grant in aid with a maximum allocation of
Rs 300 lakhs /district.
 A 70 % loan and 30% basis of funding is provided for over 20000 LPD
milk processing capacity.
 Milk chilling capacity of 18.49 lakh litres per day and processing capacity
of 23.96 lakh litres per day have been created under this scheme.
31
Intensive Dairy Development Scheme

• To bring about structural changes in the unorganized sector, the measures
like milk processing at village level, marketing of pasteurized milk in a
cost effective manner, quality up-gradation of traditional technology to
handle commercial scale using modern equipment and management skills,
the Venture Capital Fund for Dairy was implemented. Under the scheme,
financial assistance is provided as loan to the rural/urban beneficiaries
under a schematic proposal through bankable projects.
It aims at:
• To generate self-employment and provide infrastructure to unorganized
dairy sector for making improvement in quality and to help increasing the
commercial viability of these activities.
• To promote ventures in the dairy sector.
• Assistance is provided to bankable projects with 50% interest free loan
component.
32
Dairy Venture Capital Fund Scheme

• To undertake breed improvement programme for indigenous
cattle breeds so as to improve the genetic makeup and increase
the stock.
• To enhance milk production and productivity of indigenous
bovines.
• To upgrade nondescript cattle using elite indigenous breeds
like Gir, Sahiwal, Rathi, Deoni, Tharparkar, Red Sindhi.
• Establishment of Village level Integrated Indigenous Cattle
Centres viz “Gokul Gram”:
• i) In the breeding tracts and
ii) Near metropolitan cities for housing the urban cattle
33
Rashtriya Gokul Mission

• National Dairy Plan Phase I (NDP I) is a Central Sector
Scheme for a period of 2011-12 to 2018-19.
It aims at:
• To increase the milk production to about 220 million tones by
2021-22.
• To enhance milk production in major milk producing areas,
and strengthening and expanding infrastructure for production
process.
• This plan also proposes to bring 65% of the surplus milk
produced under the organized sector for procurement as
against the present 30%.
34
National Dairy Plan

• This program helps in promoting:
- To promote clean milk production and creation of
necessary infrastructure for it.
- Pattern of funding is in the ratio of 75:25 for
purchase and installation of bulk milk coolers at
village level.
Achievement: About 30,468 farmers trained, 1368 no.
of bulk milk coolers with total chilling capacity of
21.05 lakhs LPD were installed and 884 existing
laboratories have strengthened.
35
Strengthening Infrastructure and Clean Milk
Production Programme

Indian Dairy Industry:
Growth Drivers & Key
Challenges
36

37
Growth drivers of Indian dairy
Industry
 Population Growth
 Economic Growth
 Rapid Urbanization
 Rising Income levels
 Technical Innovation in milk Products
processing.
 Fast changing food habits and value added
products.
Fig 20

Key Challenges of Indian dairy Industry
Challenges
related with
production
 Inadequate feeding of animals
 More disease incidence
 Low genetic potential of animals
 Exploitation of farmers
Challenges at the
Co-operative Level
Less number of member farmers
Lower participation in the decision making process
Losses
Low prices of milk
Inefficient services
Insufficient Infrastructure
Challenges at the
Processing Level
 Seasonality of production and fluctuating supply.
 Absence of quality standards.
 Adulteration and foods safety.
 Lack of trained and skilled workers.
38

Challenges at the
Storage and
Logistics level
 80% of market is still unorganized
 Lack of cold storage facilities.
 Gap in cold chain and transport facilities
Marketing
challenges
 Involvement of too many intermediaries
 Gaps in information
 Absence of a screening system
 Lack of Infrastructure
 Manipulation of the quality of milk by the
farmers
39
 Acceptability of the Consumer base
 Less penetration to the rural Market
 Lack of transparent milk pricing System
Source: Sharma Swati, Parmar Gautam, Mittal Ramesh, Choudhary Kuldeep (2018)

Prospects of Indian Dairy industry
40

 Increasing GDP
 Increasing Urbanization
 Emphasis on Healthy Eating
 Shift : CEREALS
Increasing Demand of Milk & Dairy Products
 Projected demand for milk :about 200 million tones by
2021-22
 Milk production is increasing by 3 million tones annually
Must henceforth increase by 6 million tones annually
41

•National Dairy Plan to double milk production
•Increase in milk production by increasing productivity of our
animals
 scientific approach to feeding and breeding
•Increase of Organized sector’s share of marketable surplus
 from 30 percent to 60 percent
 improve milk handling & product quality
•Encouragement of milk producer to produce more milk
 Increasing income from sale of milk
 Value added product
42
……..to meet the growing demand

43
1. Increased livestock population
•Highest bovine population in world
•Tremendous potential to further strengthen India's position in the world dairy
market
•Demand for livestock product will increase substantially
2. Export Potential :
•Milk and milk products have emerged as the largest agricultural commodity as
a preferred choice for consumption.
•India has the potential to become one of the leading players in milk and milk
product in exports.
•India was the largest exporter of skimmed milk 583 million dollar in 2012-13.
leading players are Amul, Nestle, Britannia and Mother Dairy.
3. Employment opportunities:
• Dairy sector is the major source of income for an estimated 27.6 million
people. 65 to 70% are small, marginal and land-less farmer, for them dairying
has been prime source of income.

4.Nutrient supply:
Milk And milk products Containing up to 16 nutrients that are essential for health.
Some of them are highly beneficial to human health that keep the body functioning
properly and reduces the risk of certain diseases.
5. Markets forecast to drive dairy industry boom:
• It is projected that demand for milk by 2021-22 would be about 200 million tones.
• In this regard milk production is increasing by 3 million tones annually which
should increase by 6 million tones annually. .
6. Low greenhouse gas potential of milk:
•Milk production is more environment-friendly when compared to meat production.
• per unit production mutton emits 11.9 times as much GHG as milk with the net
GHG for mutton being 482.5 vs. 29.2 g for milk.
7. Contract farming:
• Such an arrangement will allow companies to work closely with farmers for an
assured supply of low-cost, high quality feed inputs.
• In turn, farmers will get an assured market, technical advice and financial
assistance. The Government, as a third party to the contract, will make sure that the
farmer’s interests are protected
44

8. Increasing demand of dairy products : It is growing at
double the rate of consumer market.
9. Ingredients market: A boom is forecast in the market of
dairy products used as raw material in pharmaceutical and
allied industries.
10. Parlor market: The increasing away-from-home
consumption trend opens new vistas for ready-to-serve dairy
products which would ride piggyback on the fast food
revolution sweeping the urban India.
11. India’s Dairy industry will also witness increase in demand
for dairy products from food service industries, ingredients
market, away from home food consumption businesses.
12. The emerging demand for pediatric milk formula market,
rising popularity of flavored milk, packs of varying
sizes,Tetra packaging and growth of UHT milk is future need.
45

Strategies For Future Growth
46

1. Nutrition and Feed
2. Breeding and Genetics
3. Animal health
4. Extension Services
5. Research and development
6. Role of Private Public partnerships in dairy development.
7. Production of Indigenous Milk products by organized sectors
8. Packaging of dairy products
9. Establishing national standards for indigenous dairy products
10. Innovation in Value added indigenous dairy products and
marketing.
Source: Sharma Swati, Parmar Gautam, Mittal Ramesh, Choudhary Kuldeep (2018)
47

SWOT ANALYSIS OF INDIAN
DAIRY INDUSTRY
48

STRENGTHS
• India is the largest producer of milk in the world.
• Largest pool of dairy cattle in the world
• Our culture makes us passionate about keeping cows.
• Availability of skill for animal rearing in most parts of the country.
• Indian breeds of cows represent the world’s largest milk producing herd.
•70% of milk production is done by small and marginal farmers in the country
and is largest employment provider in the non farm sector.
• Indigenous breeds of cows show better immunity than crossbred cows.
49

WEAKNESS
• Coexistence of a large portion of useless cattle population with low
productivity.
• Too much fragmented production of milk.
• Labor is becoming costlier.
• Traces of insecticides, pesticides and antibiotics are common in milk.
• Poor knowledge about nutrition and balanced ration for animal.
• Poor personal hygiene of farmers and his family and ignorance of clean
milk production also lead to poor quality of milk.
• It is not considered as a full time employment and is being carried out
by woman or elderly person at home.
• Poor infrastructure for milk collection, chilling and transportation.
50

OPPORTUNITIES
• Huge demand of milk and milk products in unorganized retail.
• High purchasing power of the customer.
• Large dairies are feeling the need to invest in backward integration.
• Large corporate are looking for developing large herd farms.
• More awareness about benefits of cows milk and panchgavya.
• Larger parts of population (about 25%) are lacto vegetarians, who consider
milk as the only source of animal protein.
• Increasing preference for branded dairy products.
• Growing focus on health and nutrients in urban market
51

THREATS
• No distribution and pricing policy on milk.
• No fodder policy and it is not clear under which ministry does fodder
fall.
• No firm plan on breeding/AI/Progeny testing and protection.
• Inappropriate pricing policy of milk.
• No incentive on clean milk production.
• Very poor animal insurance policy.
• Import and export policies on animals, semen, embryos, and dairy
products are not conducive of small and marginal farmers.
52

Conclusion
In India around 70 % of milk production is carried out by small and
marginal farmers. Milk and milk products are not only a valued source of
nutrition but also provides income and employment to a large section of
Indian population. Several years of strategic planning and effective program
implementation by Government and public sector agencies have ensured
that India emerges as a leading producer of milk in the world. However, the
rising population and plateau in crop production trends necessitate that a
renewed impetus is given to Indian dairying to meet projected demand.
Some of the issues that need to be tackled on priority related to production,
marketing, export infrastructural support for the growth of the Indian Dairy
sector. Dairy scientists and entrepreneurs should adopt a holistic approach
to product development encompassing new dimensions of value addition,
newer processing know-how, to meet the international quality and safety
standards.
53

References
1. Anonymous (2016-17),Annual report of NDDB.
2. GoI, MoA (2017), “Annual Report 2016-17”, Department of Animal
Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and farmers
welfare, Government of India. New Delhi
3. Kumar, A., Staal, S.J., Singh, N.P. and Singh, D.K. (2007). Livestock
Sector Trade of India: Surging Momentum in the New Liberalised Regime.
Ind. Jn. of Agri.Econ. 62(3).
4. Patel,R.K., Kadian, K.S., Patel,N. and Singh, N. (2016) Constraints
experienced by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) trainee and non-trainee dairy
farmers in training. Journal of Livestock Science 7: 84-88
5. Rajendran, K. and Samarendu Mohanty, S. (2004). Dairy Co-operatives
and Milk Marketing in India: Constraints and Opportunities. Journal of
Food Distribution Research 35(2)
6. Sarker, D. and Ghosh, B.K. (2010) Constraints of Milk Production: A
Study on Cooperative and Non-cooperative Dairy Farms in West Bengal.
Agricultural Economics Research Review ,23, 303-314.
54

CONT…
7. Shah and Deepak. (2010). Indian Dairy Industry: Present Status and
Future Prospects, Productivity. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 42(3):
474-483.
8. Sharma Swati, Parmar Gautam, Mittal Ramesh, Choudhary Kuldeep
(2018). Indian Dairy Industry: Present Status, Challenges and Prospects.
In H.Nagaraj wt.al. (Ed.), Emerging Trends in Agribusiness Management
in India (333-336), Institute of Development Studies, UOM, Mysuru.
WEB PORTALS:
•
http://www.trendingtopmost.com/worlds-popular-list-top-10/2017-2018-2019-2
• http://www.dairyinfo.gc.ca
•
http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/IntTrade/TopDestinationAPEDA.aspx
• https://thingsinindia.in/dairy-companies-in-india/(2016)
• Indiastat.com
• Official websites of respective dairies of gujarat 55

“Eight hours for dairy, Eight hours for family
and Eight hours for sleep”
- Dr. Varghese Kurien
56

Indian dairy industry future prospects & key challenges

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