4. COUNTRY PROFILE: ECONOMIC
PERFORMANCE
GDP by Region (Italy) 2008
GDP per capita (PPP)
Present Value: 2010
31555 USD
Historical High: 2008
33268.85 USD
Historical Low: 1980
9209.67 USD
10. CLUSTER ANALYSIS: HISTORICAL
FASHION IN ITALY (BEFORE 1970)
Late XXVIII - Apparel/Textile Sector at dawn of
Industrialization of Italy: first concentrations around
smaller town in Northern Italy
1860 - Specialization and technological advancement after
Italy unification
First fair ground opened in Milan in 1906
Beginning XX – First Haute couture Fashion Houses and
related Boutiques (Prada 1913, Gucci 1921)
30’s - Autarchy and sanctions during the Fascism
After WWII Economic Boom involved Fashion System in a
strong growth
50’s-60’s - Changes in consumptions patterns:
differentiation of styles, consumerism.
11. CLUSTER ANALYSIS: HISTORICAL
BIRTH OF MILAN FASHION CLUSTER (1970S &
1990S)
Manufacture process reorganized through specialized
districts. Textile/apparel districts in Lombardy.
New relation between Design and Manufacture
Birth of «Stilismo»: new Fashion House established in
Milan. Armani (1975), Versace (1978), Moschino
(1983), D&G (1986).
Run-ways tradition started in Milan in 1975 (Albini)
Growth of specialized fashion fair system
Creation of Showcase districts led by new boutiques
like Fiorucci (1967) Moschino (1989), Krizia (1984)
Milano Capital of Fashion and the International
Competition )(analysis of export trends
12. MILAN FASHION DESIGN CLUSTER MAP
Finance Events&Fairs Media
Banks Financial Model Run ways Cinema Television
Services Agencies events
Specialized Web
Exposition Interior Press
spaces Design
Manifacturing Communication Agencies
Fibers
Textiles Marketing&Promotion
Tourism
Notions
Fashion Local Hotels Long Distance
Transport
Apparel Design Retail Local
Leather Transport Restaurant
Distribution
Jewels Travel Agencies
Accessories Institutions for Collaborations
Retail
District Government
Fashion
Associations National
Education&Training Municipality National
Development
Chamber c Government
Universities c Professional
Agencies Related Region
Training EU
Industry
Commercial associations
Chambers
14. CLUSTER ANALYSIS:
GLOBAL CHALLENGES (1990S &
2000S) trends after 95
Export
Competitiveness on Manufacure basis (textile and
fibers) from new developing economies
Shift on creativity cluster
Growth of education supply
Retail power and new attractiveness for international
brands.
FDI
The challenges after 2008
17. MILAN FASHION DESIGN CLUSTER:
THE DIAMOND
GOVERNME
NT
- Milan City Administration, Assessor for fashion and design;
-Lombardy Region: fashion start-up project financing;
- Memorandum of Understanding with French Federation for
Culture;
- Directive 2008/121/EC on textile labelling;
- Agreement with the Chamber of Chinese Fashion;
- Agreement with Association of Spanish Fashion Creators;
18. MILAN FASHION DESIGN CLUSTER:
THE DIAMOND
FACTOR
CONDITIONS
-Made in Italy concept;
-Milan as financial heart and editor heart of Italy;
-City-web structure;
-Specialized industrial design firms;
-Advantageous infrastructure system;
DEMAND
CONDITIONS
-Exports;
-Sophisticated domestic demand;
-Foreign buyers;
19. MILAN FASHION DESIGN CLUSTER:
THE DIAMOND
CONTEXT FOR FIRMS STRATEGY AND
RIVALRY
20. MILAN FASHION DESIGN CLUSTER:
THE DIAMOND
SUPPORTING
INDUSTRIES
-Media Industries (TV producers, Magazine editors,
Press office, Billboard space providers, Publishing,
Printing);
-Education (fashion academies, research institutes);
-Sales outlets;
-Interior design industries (furniture);
-Entertainment Industries (Clubs);
-Event Organization companies (Showrooms, PR agency,
Model agencies, Trainers);
-Facilities (Hotel, Restaurant, Travel agencies);
21. MILAN FASHION DESIGN CLUSTER:
THE DIAMOND
INSTITUTIONS FOR
COLLABORATION
- National Chamber of Italian Fashion;
-Milan Chamber of Commerce (Promos);
-Fiera Milano;
-Fashion Museum;
-Italian Fashion System;
-Via Montenapoleone Association;
-Unione Confcommercio;
-Federmoda;
-Altagamma Foundation;
-Chamber of Italian Fashion Buyer;
-Trade Fashion Fairs (Anteprima, Milano Unica, Mi-Milano Pret a
Porter, Micam);
-Fédération Française de la Couture, du Pret-à-Porter des Couturiers
et des Créateurs de Mode;
Notas del editor
Patricia As the world ’s 11 th largest economy , Italy is regarded as a high-income country . A peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea covering 301,338 km 2 , Italy currently has a population of over 60.6 million people . While Italy lacks natural resources for industrial use, it benefits from natural endowments such as geography, terrain, climate, and history. Geographically, Italy is part of the Eurasian continent neighboring with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia . Its diverse terrain and moderate central climate , from the Mountainous Alpes, to the Islands of Elba, Sardinia, and Sicily make it ideal for leisure and agricultural activities. In addition, Italy ’s preservation of rich history still includes reminisce of the Roman Empire spread throughout the country.
1861 constitutional monarchy with a parliament elected under limited suffrage . Following, the northern regions of the new nation quickly adopted the developing industrialization of the early 1900s, while the densely populated south lagged behind. Only wealthy citizens were allowed to vote, leading to an unequal representation between Northern and Southern Italy 1920s & 1930s limited personal liberties, strong government intervention, and an end to multi-party politics
1992 put a stop to Italy ’s over dependence on a continuous devaluation of the lira, high inflation, and high budget deficit. A new accountability to the European Central Bank, forced Italy to rethink its entire economic model, reduce inflation, and fix its exchange rates. Two crucial macroeconomic factors that presently inhibit Italy ’s economic growth, are its outstanding levels of corruption and organized crime. In the 2011 Perceived Corruption Index, with 0 representing “highly corrupt” and 9 representing “very clean,” Italy received a grade of 3.9. While the index marks perception rather than actual levels of corruption, this represents a hindrance to building investor confidence in the nation (figure 10) and consequently a lack of Foreign Direct Investment compared with its EU counterparts. That being said, between 2010 and 2011 Italy still managed to move up five places to 43 rd on the global competitiveness ranking 9 . Italy ’s impressive market size enables it to take advantage of large economies of scale, coupled with its production of high value-added goods, makes it the 2 nd best business cluster in the world 8 . Transparency International – Corruptions Perception Index 2011
