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Human Happiness Psychology 162 Dacher Keltner University of California, Berkeley www.greatergood.berkeley.edu
Syllabus and Requirements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is happiness?
A Myriad of Things ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Study Happiness? (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Happiness and Health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Happiness at work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Our culture needs it
A right to the pursuit of happiness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Virtue Ethics in Classical Thought ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hedonism:  Epicurean philosophy; de Sade ,[object Object]
Utilitarianism:  J.S.Mill, Bentham ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Happiness in the afterlife ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Buddhism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Confucianism and  Jen (Confucius, Analects, 551 BC – 479 BC  ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Taoism and the mysterious way (Lao Tzu:  Tao Te Ching ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Big Insights ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Would you choose the happiness device? (Robert Nozick, 1974)
Happiness is a set of practices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Predecessors to a Science of Happiness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New Science of Happiness  (Positive Psychology: Seligman, Peterson) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clarifying the Conceptual Domain (Kahneman, 1999) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Canonical Research Traditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overall Well-being (Diener, Myers) ,[object Object]
Measurement: Domains and the nuances of happiness (Carol Ryff) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other measures ,[object Object]
The Jen ratio ,[object Object]
Money?
Activities done for more money ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Money and Happiness (Myers, Diener) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Age: Stormy youth? Mid Life crisis?  (Myers & Diener, 1995)
[object Object],35. Italy  36. Portugal  37. E. Germany  38. Slovenia  39. Japan  40. Czech Rep  41. S. Africa  42. Croatia  43. Greece  44. Peru  45. China  46. Morocco  47. S. Korea  48. Iran  49. Poland  50. Turkey  51. Bosnia  52. Uganda  53. Algeria  54. Bangladesh  55. Egypt  56. Kyrgyzstan  57. Hungary  58. Slovakia  59. Jordan  60. Estonia  61. Serbia  62. Tanzania  63. Azerbaijan  64. Montenegro  65. India  66. Lithuania  67. Macedonia  68. Pakistan  69. Latvia  70. Albania  71. Bulgaria  72. Belarus  73. Georgia  74. Romania  75. Moldova  76. Russia  77. Armenia  78. Ukraine  79. Zimbabwe
Countries and Happiness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Happiness East, West ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Big 2: Relationships, Work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gender, marriage and happiness (Myers, Diener, 1995)
Happy people?
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Traits and Happiness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Characteristics of Happy People ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Negative Emotion Bias in field ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Positive Emotions Broaden and Build (Fredrickson, 1998, 2001) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Positive emotions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
POSITIVE EMOTION:  A language for the 3 to 1 (own life) and 5 to 1 ratios (Marriage) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Happiness is unknowable (Dan Gilbert) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ignore Psychological Immune System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Elements of an evolutionary analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of Adaptations: Efficient solutions to survival, reproduction related problems Trait Problem Startle response Physical threat Sweet preference Identify nutrition Jealousy Mate guarding Pregnancy sickness Fetus vulnerability Baby’s similarity to dad Paternal  uncertainty
Origins of Happiness: Are we designed to be happy? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Dimensions to our Ultrasociality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Take care or die
 
The Amygdala as Preconscious Evaluator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleus Accumbens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
The Frontal Lobes and Executive Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Happiness and Hemispheric Asymmetry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Vagal Nerve as Love, Happiness Organ (Porges, 1998) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Some Definitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compassion as A Master Emotion? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compassion deficits? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The War on Compassion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compassion as Opponent (In Western Thought) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Darwin: Caregiving species and Survival of the Kindest sympathy, he argued, “ will have been increased through natural selection; for  those communities, which included the greatest number of the most sympathetic  members, would flourish best, and rear the greatest number of offspring ”  (Darwin, 1871/2004, p.130).
Emergence of Pro-social Emotion as evolutionarily stable strategy (Axelrod, 1984; Sober & Wilson, 1998) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
It’s not in the face
Compassion in the voice? Simon-Thomas et al., in press,  Emotion
 
Touch and the spread of goodness
Contagious Compassion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reversing Cost-Benefit Analyses: Compassion promotes Common Humanity with those in need ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Singer: Evolving Circle of Care ,[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oveis et al., 2009 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compassion promotes sense of similarity to the weak (Oveis et al., 2009)
Epoch change in RSA Self-reported compassion .33* Self reported pride -.30* Self-other similarity .29*
Compassion as an Adaptation Shaped by Natural Selection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Vagal Superstars in a Trust Tournament ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Vagal Superstars (Oveis et al., 2009) Time 5: 6 months later Resting Vagal Tone: Time 1 Extraversion .40** Agreeableness .32* PANAS Positive Affect .40** PANAS Negative Affect .05 Optimism .30* Pessimism -.21* Health -.21* Spiritual Transformation .26*
It Pays to Be Good Vagal Tone Trust Resources Received T = 4.69, p < .01 T = 17.01, p < .001 T = 4.19, p < .01 (T = 1,59, ns)
Altruism ,[object Object],[object Object]
Caregiving ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emotional disorders as deficits in Self-compassion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cultivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summing up: The evolution of the Compassionate Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compassionate excesses?
Moral Emotions (Haidt, Greene) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflection and Practice ,[object Object]
Gratitude as a Moral Emotion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gratitude as guide to good life  (Emmons, McCullough, 2001) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gratitude Diaries (count your blessings) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gratitude/Appreciation/Reverence ,[object Object],[object Object]
Forgiveness as response to aggression, revenge, conflict ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evolution of reconciliation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Everyday reconciliation, forgiveness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Ethic of modesty ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Forgiveness of transgressions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human reconciliation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Restorative justice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Narrative reflection ,[object Object]
Beauty, Awe, and the Sacred ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Brief History of Awe  (Keltner & Haidt, 2003) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Family of Awe experiences  (Keltner & Haidt, 2003) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emerson ,[object Object]
John Muir ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Darwin in the forest ,[object Object]
Wilson: Biophilia (love of nature) ,[object Object]
The benefits of Green ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Green and Health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beauty ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A New Science of Religiosity and Spirituality ( Hill, Pargament, Cohen, Nisbett, Norenzayan ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spirituality (the sacred);  (Cohen et al., 2009 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spirituality and health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evolutionary story of spirituality and awe ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A mammalian display ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Awe and the Sacred ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Challenge to Spirituality/Religion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Emotion Perspective: Summing up ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thought Patterns and Happiness: Intellectual Precursors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Core Assumptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
From thoughts to well-being ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Grateful Disposition (McCullough et al., 2002) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Correlates of being grateful ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Styles of Thinking: OPTIMISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Optimism and Happiness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adaptive Coping, control, agency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The world is my oyster: Approach vs. Inhibition (Carver, White, 1994) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Approach and Inhibition BIS REWARD Optimism -.22* .08 Negative affect .42** .05 Positive Affect -.06 .28** Happiness .24**
Truth or Bias in self insight? Positive Illusions and Well-being: Taylor & Brown, 1985 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Unrealistic optimism ,[object Object]
Unrealistic Optimism (Weinstein, 1980) COMPARATIVE JUDGMENT OF  LIFE EVENT OWN VERSUS OTHERS’ CHANCES  Like post graduation job 50.2 Own your own home 40.3 Live past 80 11.3 Have a mentally gifted child 6.2 Have drinking problem -58.3 Attempt suicide -55.9 Divorce after a few years of marriage -48.7 Heart attach before age 40 -38.4 Become sterile -31.2 Develop gum problems -12.2
Illusion of Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Self enhancement ,[object Object],[object Object]
Linkages to well-being ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Critiques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Empathy deficits: Autism Spectrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Compassionate Brain  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Natyasastra (3rd- 5th centuries A.D.) Aesthetic emotion (Rasa emotion: Without Ego) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Toxic Thoughts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Toxic Thoughts: Perfectionism ,[object Object],[object Object]
Maximizing vs. Satisficing (Barry Schwartz) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Maximizers… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Keeping up with the Jonses ,[object Object],[object Object]
Toxic Thoughts: Distrust ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Culture of Fear (Glassner) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Materialism: Basic Needs 1970 1990 2 nd  car 20 59 2 nd  TV 3 45 More than 1 phone 2 78 Dishwasher 8 44
Some facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Toxic Thought: Materialism Happiness found in consumption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Intellectual Legacy of Cynicism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Toxic Thoughts: Cynicism (Others are competitive, adversarial) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rumination (Nolen-Hoeksema) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Myths of individualism and wisdom of the ages ,[object Object],[object Object]
Losing our ultrasociality? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Need to Belong: Happiness is found between ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Costs of Social Exclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Invisible Hand of Family: Attachment Theory (Bowlby) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secure style ,[object Object]
Avoidant/Dismissive ,[object Object]
Anxious style ,[object Object]
The Attachment Perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Romantic Pair Bond ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Need for Many kinds of Love ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Demographic perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Dynamic Interaction Style Perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beyond 15%: Toward the magical 5 to 1 ratio of positive to negative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Friendship ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Feeling social support ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Benefits of strong social support ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Within Families: Principle of Diversification (Sulloway,  Born to Rebel ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Autonomic Nervous System: Fight or Flight or Tend and Befriend
The Body, Stress, and Health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis (Sapolsky) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Core Meaning of Stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chronic stress and cortisol Out of work Economic deprivation Taking care of ill relatives Family conflict  (Adler, Sapolsky) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social Class and Health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SES, stress and health (Adler et al., 2001) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The materialist/situationist account ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Class and rank ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meditation, Mindfulness, and reducing stress (and increasing well-being) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tibetan Buddhist Meditation (Alan Wallace:  Genuine Happiness ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hatha Yoga (Hinduism) 18 million practitioners in US ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zazen (zen) meditation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mindfulness based stress reduction program ( Jon Kabat-Zinn, University of Massachusetts.  Coming to Our Senses ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evidence and applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contemplation  (Flinders, Oman: Eight Point Program of Passage Meditation) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflection ,[object Object]
A Person of Humanity, wishing to establish his own character, also establishes the character of others  (Confucius) The great secret of morals is love, or a going out of our own nature, and an identification of ourselves with the beautiful which exists in thought, action or person, not our own.  A man, to be greatly good, must imagine intensely and comprehensively; he must put himself in the place of another and of many others; the pains and pleasures of his species must become his own.  The great instrument of moral good is the imagination  (Shelley).
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research on contemplation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meditation: Core principles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Narrative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Self as Narrative (McAdams, 2008) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflection ,[object Object]
Sources of Narratives: Parents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sources of Narratives: In rituals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Source of Narratives: Cultural artifacts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Narratives in Music ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Narratives in other art forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pennebaker’s writing paradigm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other narrative findings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functions of Narrative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflection on play: Your play history, narrative (Brown, 2009) ,[object Object],[object Object]
What is Play? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Play: The safe arena thesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Play Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Play functions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Play functions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Play Functions: Empathy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A language of laughter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The acoustics, physiology of laughter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laughter = humor? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laughter = cooperation? (Bachorowski, Owren) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laughter =  La petite vacation) Laughter signals  suspension of serious Meaning Laughter and exhalation;  shift to PANS Means of managing conflict
Laughter and health (Martin & Lefcourt) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laughter and stressful trauma  (Bonanno & Keltner, 1995) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Humor and teasing (a linguistic analysis) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The dozens (Abrahams, 1963) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nicknames ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Teasing and love:  Much Ado About Nothing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Teasing and hierarchies: Nicknames and status
The fool (jokester, trickster, satirist) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The absurd (Nagel) ,[object Object]
Work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meaningful work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Flow and Optimal experience (Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cultivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exercise, Yoga, Sports (Lyubomirsky, 2009) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functions of Touch ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Language of Touch (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
We’re a touch deprived culture
Touch and stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Touch and health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Touch and attachment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Smile ,[object Object]
The evolution of the smile ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Smile, equality, and happiness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emotional attunement, intelligence (Daniel Goleman) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMAGINE The great secret of morals is love, or a going out of our own nature, and an identification of ourselves with the beautiful which exists in thought, action or person, not our own.  A man, to be greatly good, must imagine intensely and comprehensively; he must put himself in the place of another and of many others; the pains and pleasures of his species must become his own.  The great instrument of moral good is the imagination  (Shelley).
Narrative
The big insights ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US Culture? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some Challenges  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Breakdown in social fabric ,[object Object]
Rise in ideology of self-interest ,[object Object],[object Object]
Inequality ,[object Object]
A turning point in our culture: Reasons for Optimism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you, and stay connected ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Toxic thought: Happiness found in Unbridled pursuit of Self-Interest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The meaning of cultivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
It pays to cooperate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psy162 slides   27 july 11
Psy162 slides   27 july 11
Psy162 slides   27 july 11

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Psy162 slides 27 july 11

  • 1. Human Happiness Psychology 162 Dacher Keltner University of California, Berkeley www.greatergood.berkeley.edu
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  • 31. Age: Stormy youth? Mid Life crisis? (Myers & Diener, 1995)
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  • 36. Gender, marriage and happiness (Myers, Diener, 1995)
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  • 50. Examples of Adaptations: Efficient solutions to survival, reproduction related problems Trait Problem Startle response Physical threat Sweet preference Identify nutrition Jealousy Mate guarding Pregnancy sickness Fetus vulnerability Baby’s similarity to dad Paternal uncertainty
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  • 72. Darwin: Caregiving species and Survival of the Kindest sympathy, he argued, “ will have been increased through natural selection; for those communities, which included the greatest number of the most sympathetic members, would flourish best, and rear the greatest number of offspring ” (Darwin, 1871/2004, p.130).
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  • 74. It’s not in the face
  • 75. Compassion in the voice? Simon-Thomas et al., in press, Emotion
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  • 77. Touch and the spread of goodness
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  • 90. Compassion promotes sense of similarity to the weak (Oveis et al., 2009)
  • 91. Epoch change in RSA Self-reported compassion .33* Self reported pride -.30* Self-other similarity .29*
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  • 94. Vagal Superstars (Oveis et al., 2009) Time 5: 6 months later Resting Vagal Tone: Time 1 Extraversion .40** Agreeableness .32* PANAS Positive Affect .40** PANAS Negative Affect .05 Optimism .30* Pessimism -.21* Health -.21* Spiritual Transformation .26*
  • 95. It Pays to Be Good Vagal Tone Trust Resources Received T = 4.69, p < .01 T = 17.01, p < .001 T = 4.19, p < .01 (T = 1,59, ns)
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  • 144. Approach and Inhibition BIS REWARD Optimism -.22* .08 Negative affect .42** .05 Positive Affect -.06 .28** Happiness .24**
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  • 147. Unrealistic Optimism (Weinstein, 1980) COMPARATIVE JUDGMENT OF LIFE EVENT OWN VERSUS OTHERS’ CHANCES Like post graduation job 50.2 Own your own home 40.3 Live past 80 11.3 Have a mentally gifted child 6.2 Have drinking problem -58.3 Attempt suicide -55.9 Divorce after a few years of marriage -48.7 Heart attach before age 40 -38.4 Become sterile -31.2 Develop gum problems -12.2
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  • 162. Materialism: Basic Needs 1970 1990 2 nd car 20 59 2 nd TV 3 45 More than 1 phone 2 78 Dishwasher 8 44
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  • 195. The Autonomic Nervous System: Fight or Flight or Tend and Befriend
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  • 212. A Person of Humanity, wishing to establish his own character, also establishes the character of others (Confucius) The great secret of morals is love, or a going out of our own nature, and an identification of ourselves with the beautiful which exists in thought, action or person, not our own. A man, to be greatly good, must imagine intensely and comprehensively; he must put himself in the place of another and of many others; the pains and pleasures of his species must become his own. The great instrument of moral good is the imagination (Shelley).
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  • 239. Laughter = La petite vacation) Laughter signals suspension of serious Meaning Laughter and exhalation; shift to PANS Means of managing conflict
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  • 247. Teasing and hierarchies: Nicknames and status
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  • 257. We’re a touch deprived culture
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  • 265. IMAGINE The great secret of morals is love, or a going out of our own nature, and an identification of ourselves with the beautiful which exists in thought, action or person, not our own. A man, to be greatly good, must imagine intensely and comprehensively; he must put himself in the place of another and of many others; the pains and pleasures of his species must become his own. The great instrument of moral good is the imagination (Shelley).
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