The document discusses physical working conditions and office layout. It covers topics like space allocation, criteria for space allocation, facility layout and design, environmental conditions in the office like temperature and humidity, and the importance of workplace safety. Effective office design considers factors like workflow, storage, accommodating future growth, and reflecting company culture. Proper temperature, lighting and air quality are important for employee productivity and comfort. Workplace safety policies aim to identify hazards and control risks to protect employee health.

1. PHYSICAL
WORKING
CONDITIONS
Reported By:
Joseph R. Carreon and Charlie O. Bendo

2. What is Space Allocation?
• The distribution of space
(rooms, halls, circulations,
etc.) to a set of entities
(people, machines, activities,
etc.)
• To make a proportionate
division of space
• Minimize space misuse
• Minimize constraint
violation

4. Space allocation needs are evaluated based on the following
organizational space category guidelines:
 Instructional Space - Lecture classrooms, laboratory
workshops, art room, music room, sports area, library,
auditorium, gymnasium, multipurpose rooms or any other
space can be use for instructions.
 Faculty/Staff Offices - Faculty members offices including
Lecturer/Teachers’ needs, Department heads,
Administrator, Supervisor, and Executives, School
counselors’ office, health/clinic centres.
 Instructional Support - Areas providing support to the
instructional spaces and academic and non-academic
programs on campus: Technicians, Security personnel,
utilities/custodian etc.
Space Allocation Categories

5. Direct Student Services - Area providing direct student
services such as Enrolment Management Services,
Disabled Student Services, etc.
 Student Life - Areas that support student activities,
student recreation, and student involvement on
campus: Student Organization or clubs, etc.
Administrative Support - Areas that provide
administrative functions for the and/or do not have a
direct correlation to instruction: Finance and
Administrative Services Division, Budget Office, etc.
Spaces for Convenience – Areas for toilets, bathrooms,
cafeteria, kitchen, dormitories, stores, lobbies, sheds,
parks, aesthetics.

6. Criteria for Space Allocations
Space requests are reviewed based upon the relevant
Academic Plans, operational/business plans, and the
following criteria:
 School/University Strategic Priorities - Academic
Excellence, Student Organization, Campus Climate,
Community Partnerships, and Educational Equity.
 Workload - Factors include present and projected
numbers of students, faculty, and staff. Both full-time
equivalent and headcount are considered, as appropriate,
based upon the request.
 Program Requirements - Factors include special program
requirement and stage of program development.
 Adequacy of Existing Area - Factors include type, quality,
and quality of existing facilities and comparison with other
campus departments.

7.  Utilization of Existing Space - Factors include an analysis
of how the existing space is being utilized.
 Technological Improvements - Factors include changed
space requirements for fixed and/or movable equipment,
for changed instructional methodology, and for new fields
of research.
 Environmental and Geographical Considerations - Factors
include location requirements based on programmatic
needs and access to students, faculty, and staff.
 Cost of New Space - Factors include the cost of renovations
to the space to accommodate the functions of the
requesting department, along with available sources for
funding new or renovated space.
 Approved Guidelines - Factors include consideration of
space and design standards that are part of the campus
physical master plan.

8. Physical layout refers to the arrangement of office
furniture, equipment and staff as to enhance workers
output as well as derive the benefit of a pleasant
appearance. A well thought office is a pride and asset to
the organization. There should be enough passage for the
free flow of both materials and workers between rows of
desks and chairs to enhance increased volume of
productivity.

9. Facility Layout and Design
Facility layout and design is an important component of
a business's overall operations, both in terms of
maximizing the effectiveness of the production process
and meeting the needs of employees. The basic objective
of layout is to ensure a smooth flow of work, material,
and information through a system. The basic meaning of
facility is the space in which a business's activities take
place. The layout and design of that space impact greatly
how the work is done—the flow of work, materials, and
information through the system. The key to good facility
layout and design is the integration of the needs of
people (personnel and customers), materials (raw,
finishes, and in process), and machinery in such a way
that they create a single, well-functioning system.

10. How effective is your current workplace or
office design?
Employees will work more efficiently and effectively if office
has been well designed. A well designed environment
increase productivity and ensure business is operating at
peak performance.
An effective workplace will:
 Increase the productivity and profitability of the business.
 Ensure that space is used effectively and functional.
 Allow room for future growth and potential of the business.
 Enhance the flexibility of the workspace.
 Include an appropriate amount of storage throughout the
workplace.
 Strengthen your business’s core values, support its culture
and reflect the brand.

11. ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITION IN THE OFFICE
• Indoor climate conditions are among the most common
complaints from office workers. An uncomfortable
atmosphere can cause annoyance and even pain,
depending on the degree of heat imbalance.
• The effects of improper temperature include fatigue,
sweating, respiratory discomfort and changes in pulse rate.
Too warm of an atmosphere leads to sleepiness, a decrease
in performance and increased chance for error. An
atmosphere that is too cool stimulates restlessness and
reduces alertness and concentration.
• Because productivity is linked to a comfortable climate, it is
important to maintain the office at a pleasing temperature.

12. • Reflecting individual differences the perception of
temperature comfort levels for temperature ranges.
A range from 73°F to 79°F for an average individual in the
summer, and a range from 68°F to 74.5°F in the winter
Relative humidity between 30 and 60 percent. Preferred
air temperature may vary according to air velocity,
clothing, muscular activity and metabolism. Situational
conditions can also affect comfort levels. Sitting near a
glass wall or window on a hot or cold day may be
uncomfortable, and sitting near heat producing
equipment such as VDTs and copiers may cause
discomfort.

13. How Temperature Effects Your Productivity?
The Effects of Air Temperature on Productivity
By Chris Adams: Ergonomics Expert
Majority of research has shown an optimal office
temperature between 70 and 73 degrees Fahrenheit (21
to 23 degrees Celsius) provides the best air temperature
for maximum office worker productivity. However, a well
respected study by Cornell University returned a result
of 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius) as the
optimal temperature. The British government
organization that oversees these kinds of things
recommends 74 degrees F after in conducted its own
study. It also found that 74 degrees would appease about
70% of people, so you really can't please everybody.

14. If we look at the research that gives us 71.5 degrees F as the
optimal temperature and 100% productivity we only go down
in productivity as temperature increases or decreases.
As temperature increases:
at 77 degrees F we're about 98% productive
82 degrees F = 95%
87 degrees F = 90%
92 degrees F = 85%
As temperature decreases
At 66 degrees F we're about 98% productive
63 degrees F = 95%
59 degrees F = 90%

15. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Season
The season gives us a predisposition to what we expect
the temperature to be. We also become more acclimated
to those temperatures so in the winter we are more
comfortable with it a little cooler and in the summer
with it a little warmer.

16. Clothing
The clothing we wear affects are personal temperature as
it relates to the air temperature. And this is mainly
driven by the seasons as well. In the winter we tend to
wear thicker and warmer clothes so a cooler office
temperature will compensate for the added insulation to
give us a more comfortable personal temperature. In the
summer we tend to wear lighter and thinner clothes
made of materials that breathe better so the opposite is
true.

17. Weight
How much you weigh, or more precisely your body mass
index (BMI), tells you how much insulation (fat) you
have on your body. That acts just like a thicker jacket
keeping you warmer the heavier. For the inverse of that,
those who have a lower than average BMI usually get
cold easier.

18. Age
As you get older, particularly above 55, you tend to be
more easily affected by cold. So an older work force may
benefit from a warmer office temperature.

19. Climate or Latitude
Your normal climate, based on your geographical
location, may impact the expected and acclimated
temperature range much the same as the season and
normal clothing worn does.

20. Humidity
Humidity affects how you perceive temperature. If it is humid your body
can't evaporate sweat easily, air doesn't move over your skin easily and the
world feels heavy. 85 degrees F at low humidity may be incredibly
comfortable, while 85 degrees F at 90% humidity can sap you will to go
on.
Office humidity deficiencies can lead to adverse health effects. It has been
demonstrated that dry air leads to chronic irritation of the nasal and
bronchial passages. Studies have shown that dry mucous membranes in
the air ducts can obstruct the flow of mucous over the ciliary tracts,
possible leading to diminished resistance to infection. Relative humidity
below 30 percent is thought to create unhygienic conditions. Atmospheric
humidity does not measurably affect thermal comfort or the effective
temperature, if the temperature and humidity are within the ranges
recommended by ASHRAE.

21. How the Temperature in the Workplace Impacts Productivity
by Lori Corrigan, Demand Media
Hot Versus Cold
When the brain is preoccupied with monitoring body
temperature, it's easy to see why workplace productivity can
suffer. The optimal temperature range for the greatest output at
work is between 69.8 degrees and 71.6 degrees Fahrenheit,
according to a 2006 study by the Helsinki University of
Technology. A 2004 Cornell University study found workers who
struggle to stay warm make more mistakes, which in turn can lead
to a 10 percent spike in hourly labor costs. A 9-degree boost in
office temperature -- from 68 degrees to 77 degrees Fahrenheit --
significantly improved worker performance. Typing mistakes
decreased 44 percent, while overall keying output yielded a 150
percent increase. In contrast, an overly heated workplace can
leave employees fatigued, irritable and struggling to concentrate,
according to the U.S. Department of Commerce.

22. IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY AND
ITS SORROUNDINGS
Workplace health and safety procedures are necessary
for the well-being of both employers and employees.
Diseases and other health concerns also affect a
worker's ability to effectively perform his job duties. It
is important for employers to take the necessary steps
to protect employees from the health and safety
concerns.
OSH is cross-disciplinary area concerned with
protecting the safety, health and welfare of the people
engaged in work or employment to prevent illness and
injury where you work by recognizing and identifying
hazards and risks.
.

23. Underlying Principles
 System in place to Manage Health & Safety - Have a policy, designate
people and have clear procedures in place to manage health and
safety.
 Identify hazards - You have to identify your main hazards (things
that could cause harm).
 Assess Risk - You have to assess your risks (the probability that
significant harm will occur).
 Risk assessment - Remember, although you have to do it by law, it is
really only any use if it can be used as a working tool - to help you
prove to yourself and your employees that you have identified the
main things in your business which could cause harm and that you
are doing everything you should to prevent that harm from
happening.
 Risk Control Measures - You have to make sure that your risk control
measures are adequate and that they are used and maintained and
that they continue to work.

24. Major Aspect of Safety and Health
 Structural soundness
 Fire safety
 Environmental conditions
 Proper locations of facility features

25. Policy: General Application Regulations
The workplace should prepare an occupational safety and
health policy program as part of the preparation of the
Safety Statement required by Section 20 of the Safety,
Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005. Effective safety and
health policies should set a clear direction for the
organization to follow. They will contribute to all aspects of
business performance as part of a demonstrable
commitment to continuous improvement. Responsibilities
to people and the working environment will be met in a way
that fulfills the spirit and letter of the law. Cost-effective
approaches to preserving and developing human and
physical resources will reduce financial losses and
liabilities. In a wider context, stakeholders' expectations,
whether they are shareholders, employees or their
representatives, customers or society at large, can be met.

26. “THE LEADER SETS GOALS, SETS PRIORITIES AND
SETS AND MAINTAINS THE STANDARDS.”
(Peter Drucker)
“OUTSTANDING SCHOOLS HAVE EFFECTIVE
PRINCIPAL. EFFECTIVE PRINCIPALS DEVELOP
OUTSTANDING SCHOOLS.”
(Donald O. Clifton)
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