living in the IT Era chapter 1

1. IT 121: Introduction to Computing
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LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GEE 3: LIVING IN THE IT ERA
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WEEK 1

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COURSE OUTLINE
Overview:
The quickeningpace of evolutionintechnologyisveryevidentinthisera.It seemsthatitisprogressingfaster
than ever. From year to year, the evolution of technology is one of staggering promise and opportunity--as well as
uncertainty. Basically, technology has beenaround before,and as long as there are people,information technology
will be there also because there were always ways of communicating through technologyavailable at that point in
time. The future may be unknown,but digital advancement continuesto reshape our worldin ways that encourage
people to form new habits, findnew ways to work together, and become better human beings.And, in most cases,
these changestranslateintoarange of opportunitiesanddisruptionsacrosseveryindustry.Humanshave alwaysbeen
quick to adapt technologies for better and faster communication.
Objectives:
General Objectives
Apply knowledge of Computing, Science and Technology appropriate to the discipline.
Recognize their capacity to create new understandings from reflecting on the course.
Instruction to the Learner
Each chapter in this module contains a major lessoninvolving the science, culture and ethicsof information
technology, its influence on modern living and human relationships, and uses for personal, professional and social
advancements.The unitsare characterizedbycontinuity,andare arranged insuch a mannerthat the presentunitis
relatedto the nextunit.For this reason,you are advisedto readthis module.Aftereachunit,there are exercisesto
be given. Submission of task given will be submitted by the agreed deadline.
GETTING STARTED:
Do you have any idea what is ICT?
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How does ICT different from IT?
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Write your Expectation about this course.
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Objectives:
Identify key aspects of ICT in education, business, and the economic sector.
Recognize the role of ICT in our daily life.
Know the role and importance of ICT.
Content:
History of ICT
Use of ICT in our daily life
Impact of ICT in the society
Information and Communication Technology
History of ICT
ICT, or informationandcommunicationstechnology(ortechnologies),isthe infrastructure andcomponents
that enable moderncomputing.Althoughthere isnosingle,universal definitionof ICT,the termisgenerallyaccepted
to meanall devices,networkingcomponents,applicationsandsystemsthatcombinedallow peopleandorganizations
(i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world.
InformationandCommunication
Teachnology(ICT)
Business/IT
Device
Phones,
Tablets.
Pagers,
Others
Architecture
Support
System
Networks
Education
Padagonies
Devices/Tool
s
Phones, T
ablets, Pagers,
Includes
Computers
Skills and
Competencie
s
Economic
Sector
Related
Services
Goods Produced/
Manufactured
Digital
Economy
metric
Economic
Development
Mobile
Devices
Phones,
Tablets,
PAgers,
Others
Mobile Signal
Infrastructur
e
Crisis/Diseas
e
Access
Availabilty

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The Term Information and Communication Technology orICTwasdefinedinastudyconductedbyZuppo
(2012) as “relatedtotechnologiesthatfacilitate the transferof informationandvarioustype of electronically
mediatedcommunications.”However,thisdefinitionwasconsideredtoobroadthatzuppocreatedan ICT hierarchy
to identifykeyaspectssuchasICT in education,business,andthe economicsector.
Information
 Referstothe knowledge obtainedfromreading,investigation,study,orresearch.Computersnormallyprocess
data that are latter understood as information, information is regarded as processed data.
 Processed information is called knowledge. Knowledge helps fulfill daily tasks.
Tools that transmit information:
Telephone Television Radio
Communication
Is anact of transmittingmessages,itisaprocessinwhichinformationisexchangedbetweenindividualsthrough
verbal andnon-verbalmeans. Communicationhave evolvedthroughtime ascommunicatingmore andmore complex
ideas has become necessary. With technology, communication is faster, more convenient and more efficient.
Communication in the prehistoric days:
Cave paintings Rock art Drawings
Usesof ICT in Our Daily Lives
 Communication
We all knowthat ICT take a major role forus bymeansof communicating,waybackinthe past our parents
use to make letterandsenditvia postmail.But now withthe helpof ICT itis easiertocommunicate withour
love ones.We can use cellularphones thatdesignforcommunicatingwithotherpeopleeventheyare miles
away farfrom you.
Nowadayspeople are intouchwiththe helpof ICT.Throughchatting,E-mail,voice mail andsocial
networkingpeople communicate witheachother.Itisthe cheapestmeansof communication.
ICT allowsstudentstomonitorandmanage theirownlearning,thinkcriticallyandcreatively,solve
simulatedreal-worldproblems,workcollaboratively,engage inethical decision-making,andadoptaglobal
perspective towardsissues andideas.Italsoprovidesstudentsfromremote areasaccesstoexpertteachersand
learningresources,andgivesadministratorsandpolicymakersthe dataandexpertise theyneedtoworkmore
efficiently.
 Job Opportunities
In the employmentsector,ICTenablesorganizationstooperate more efficiently,soemployingstaff withICT
skillsisvital tothe smoothrunningof anybusiness.Beingable touse ICTsystemseffectivelyallowsemployees
more time to concentrate onareas of theirjobrole that require softskills.
For example,manypharmaciesuse robottechnologytoassistwithpickingprescribeddrugs.Nowadays,
employersexpecttheirstaff tohave basicICT skills.Thisexpectationevenappliestojobroleswhere ICTskills
Figure 1.1 ICT Hierarchyby ColrainZuppo

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may nothave beenan essential requirementinthe past.
 Education
InformationandCommunicationsTechnology(ICT) canimpactstudentlearningwhenteachersare digitally
literate andunderstandhowtointegrate itintocurriculum.
Schoolsuse a diverse setof ICTtoolsto communicate,create,disseminate,store,andmanage
information.(6) Insome contexts,ICThasalso become integral tothe teaching learninginteraction,throughsuch
approachesas replacingchalkboardswithinteractive digital whiteboards,usingstudents’ownsmartphonesor
otherdevicesforlearningduringclasstime,andthe “flippedclassroom”model where studentswatchlectures
at home on the computerand use classroomtime formore interactive exercises.Whenteachersare digitally
literate andtrained touse ICT, these approachescanleadtohigherorderthinkingskills,provide creative and
individualizedoptionsforstudentstoexpresstheirunderstandings,andleave studentsbetterpreparedtodeal
withongoingtechnological change insocietyandthe workplace.
 Socializing
Social mediahaschangedthe world.The rapidand vast adoptionof these technologiesischanginghowwe
findpartners,howwe accessinformationfromthe news,andhow we organize todemandpolitical change.The
internetandsocial mediaprovide youngpeople witharange of benefits,andopportunitiestoempower
themselvesinavarietyof ways.Youngpeople canmaintainsocial connectionsandsupportnetworksthat
otherwise wouldn'tbe possible andcanaccessmore informationthan everbefore.The communitiesandsocial
interactionsyoungpeople formonline canbe invaluable forbolsteringanddevelopingyoungpeople'sse lf-
confidence andsocial skills.
Impact ofICT inthe Society
Positive impacts ofInformation and CommunicationTechnology
 Access to information:Increase inaccessto informationandservicesthathasaccompaniedthe growthof
the Internet.Some of the positive aspectsof thisincreasedaccessare better,andoftencheaper,
communications,suchasVoIPphone,InstantMessaging,FBMessenger,andGoogle Hangouts.
 Improvedaccess to education,e.g.distance learningandonline tutorials.Newwaysof learning,e.g.
interactive multi-media, virtualreality,andLMS.Distance learning studentscanaccess teachingmaterials
fromall over the world.
 Newtools, newopportunities: ICT givesaccesstonew toolsthat didnot previouslyexist:digitalcameras,
photo-editingsoftware andhighqualityprinters,screenmagnificationorscreenreadingsoftware enables
partiallysightedorblindpeople toworkwithordinarytextratherthanBraille.
 Communication:Cost savingsbyusinge.g.VoIPinsteadof normal telephone,email /messaginginsteadof
post,videoconferencinginsteadof travelingtomeetings,e-commerce websitesinsteadof salescatalogues.
Accessto larger,evenworldwide,markets.
 Informationmanagement: Data miningof customerinformationtoproduce listsfortargetedadvertising.
Improvedstockcontrol,resultinginlesswastage,bettercashflow,etc.
 Security: ICT solvesorreducessome securityproblems,e.g.Encryptionmethodscankeepdatasafe from
unauthorizedpeople,bothwhileitisbeingstoredorwhile it isbeingsentelectronically.
 ICT allowspeopletoparticipate inawider,evenworldwide,society.
 • Creationof newmore interestingjobs.Exampleswouldbe systemsanalysts,programmersandsoftware
engineers,aswell ashelpdeskoperatorsandtrainers.
Negative impacts of Information and CommunicationTechnology

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 Job loss: Manual operationsbeingreplacedbyautomation.e.g.robotsreplacingpeople onanassemblyline.
Jobexport.e.g.Data processingworkbeingsenttoothercountrieswhere operatingcostsare lower.
Multiple workersbeingreplacedbyasmallernumberwhoare able to dothe same amountof work.
 Reducedpersonal interaction: Most people needsome formof social interactionintheirdailylivesandif
theydo notget the chance to meetand talkwithotherpeople,theymayfeelisolatedandunhappy.
 Reducedphysical activity:This can leadto healthproblemssuchasobesity, heartdisease,anddiabetes.
 Cost: A lotof ICT hardware andsoftware isexpensive,bothtopurchase andto maintain.AnICTsystem
usuallyrequiresspecialiststaff torunit and there isalsothe challenge of keepingupwithever-changing
technology.
 Competition:thisisusuallythoughtof asbeinga goodthing,butfor some organizationsbeingexposedto
greatercompetitioncanbe a problem.If the organizationiscompetingforcustomers,donations,orother
meansof fundingnationallyoreveninternationally,theymaylose outtootherorganizationsthatcan offer
the same service forlessmoney.
Do It Yourself:
Choose one specificelectronicdevicebelowthatyoufrequentlyuse.Write inaparagraph yourinsightsaboutit,the
frequencyof yourusage, andyourexperienceinusingit,lastly the importance of itinyourdailylife.
ElectronicDevice:
a. Mobile Phone
b. Speaker
c. Power bank
d. Flash drive
e. Headsetor Earphones
Instructions: Answerthe followingquestions.5pointseach.
1. What isthe relevance of ICTinyourchosencourse?
2. Name at least4 usesof ICT in our dailylivesandexplain.
3. Give 5 positive impactsand5negative impactsof ICTin the HospitalityManagementIndustry.
Activity
Exercises