class 10 chapter 2 in short.

1. ACID, BASES AND SALTS
TABLE OF CONTENT:
1.WHAT IS AN ACID ?
2. HOW CAN ACID REACT
3. WHAT IS AN BASE ?
4. HOW DOES IT REACT ?
5.PH IMPORTANCE
6.SALTS.

2. WHAT IS AN ACID ?
• ACID ARE THE SUBSTANCE THAT ARE SOUR IN
TASTE. MAINLY ACIDS ARE PRESENT IN ALL
KINDS OF FOOD.
• IT CHANGES BLUE LITMUS PAPER TO RED.
• LITMUS PAPER/ LITMUS IS AN INDICATOR
WHICH HELPS TO KNOW WHERE AN FOOD
ITEM IS ACIDIC OR BASIC MEDIUM.
• EX OF ACID: ACITIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID,
OXALIC ACID,LACTIC ACID.

3. HOW DOES ACID REACT ?
# ACIDS REACT WITH METAL:
Whenever acids react with metals it forms salt and hydrogen. This acids reacts with all
type of metals. For ex:
HCL + NA = NACL + H2
In this reaction hydrochloric acid[HCL] reacts with NA[Sodium] to produce NACL[Salt]
and H2[Hydrogen].
# ACIDS REACT WITH METAL CARBONATES OR BICARBONATE:
Whenever acids react with carbonates/ bicarbonates it produces salt, carbon dioxide,
and water. For ex:
HCL + NAHCO3 = NACL + H20 + CO2.
In this reaction hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to give us salt, water
and carbon dioxide.
# ACID REACT WITH WATER:
Whenever an acid reacts with water it forms hydronium ion. For ex:
HCL + H20 = H30 ions.
In this hydrochloric acid reacts with water to form hydronium ions.

4. What is an base ?
• Bases are the substances which are bitter in taste.
Bases is the only one still we are using today.
• They change red litmus paper to blue.
• Examples of bases are: toothpaste, baking soda,
tablets.

5. BASES REACT WITH THE
FOLLOWING:
# BASES REACT WITH ACID TO FORM SALT AND WATER. FOR EXAMPLE:
NAOH + HCL = NACL + H20.
Here sodiumhydrogencarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form
an salt and water.
Now an metal oxide reacts with acid to form salt and water. For
example:
CUO + HCL = CUCL2 + H20
Here you would have noted that an salt and water is formed.
NOTE: do not add water to acid. If you add it then it gets splashed and
your face will be burnt.
ADD ACID TO WATER IN AN CONSTANT STRRING ANS STIR IT
SOLWLY.

6. PH IMPORTANCE
• PH MEANS POTENZ IN GERMAN.WE CAN SEE PH IN OUR DAILY
LIFE AND WE EVEN USE IT. HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES:
• ACID RAIN: AN NORMAL RANGE OF AN ARIN IS 5.6. IF THE PH
GOES BELOW 5.6 THEN IT BECOMES ACID RAIN. THIS RAIN
CAN CAUSE HARM TO THE ENVIORNMENT.
• TOOTH DECAY: WHENEVER OUR MOUTH PH GOES BELOW 5.5
THEN TOOTH DECAY STARTS. THIS IS DUE TO RHEREVARE
CERTAIN BACTERIA THAT PRODUCE ACIDS AND LOWER THE
PH. FOR CURING THE TOOTH PASTE WHICH IS A MILD BASE IS
USED.

7. BEE STING: WHENEVER WE TOUCH THE BEEHIVE IT BITS US AND A
LOT OF IRRITATION HAPPENS FOR UB. THIS IS DUE TO IT RELEASES
AN ACID CALLED METHONIC ACID. FOE THE RELIF OF IT AN MILD
BASE BAKING SODA IS USED.
PH OF OUR STOMACH: WCHEN EVER PH OF OUR STOMACH BELOWS
1.3 TO 3.3 WE GET STOMAH ACHE. THIS IS DUE TO MORE RELEASE
OF HCL IN OUR BODY. FOR REDUCING THIS AN NILD BASE MG[0H]2
IS USED.

8. Caocl2 is bleaching powder formula.
NAHCO3 id baking soda
NA2CO3 is washing soda.
Caso4.1/2h20 is plaster of paris.